高考英语一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 24 Society Word版含解析

[话题素材]好词1．encouragev.鼓励2．medicaladj.医疗的3．depressedadj.沮丧的4．sparev.抽出5．urgentadj.紧急的6．representv.代表7．remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事8．showrespectto对……表示尊敬9．treatsb.as把某人看作10．supportafamily养家11．participatein参加12．makeacontributionto对……做出贡献13．haveasenseofhumor有幽默感14．build_uptrust建立信任15．benefitfrom从……中获益佳句1．Theyneedforanincreaseinnumbersofsurgeonsso_thatpatientsmaybetreatedassoonaspossible.需要增加外科医生的人数，以便患者能够及早得到救治。2．As_we_know,_theydifferwithyouonthissubject.据我们所知，他们同你在这个问题上是有分歧的。[精美语篇]WorkhardandbethriftyFirstofall，weshouldworkhardandstudyhard.Asweknow,hardworkcanleadtosuccess.Ifpeoplewanttomakemoremoneyorwanttomakegreaterachievements,theymustdevotethemselvestotheirwork.Asstudents,ifwewanttodowellinourstudies,weshouldalsospendmoretimeandworkhard.Thenwecangainmoreknowledgeandimproveourabilitiessothatwecanbeadmittedtogooduniversitiesandinthefuturewecanfindmoresatisfyingjobs.Ontheotherhand,weshouldliveathriftylife.Resourcesshouldbesaved.Forexample,weshouldsavewater,foodandelectricity.Neverwastemoney.Weshouldalsopromotewasterecyclingaspossibleaswecan.Asforusseniorschoolstudents,Ithinkconcentratingonourstudyandwearingplainclothesisagoodwaytobethrifty.Inaword,Ithinkbothworkinghardandbeingthriftyareequallyimportantinourlifeandstudy.高频单词1．voluntary(adj.)自愿的→volunteer(v.)自愿做→volunteer(n.)志愿者2．abundant(adj.)大量的→abundance(n.)大量3．signature(n.)签名→sign(v.)签名；打手势(n.)招牌；迹象；符号4．govern(vt.)统治，管理→governor(n.)统治者，总督→government(n.)政府5．burden(n.)重担，负担6．adjustment(n.)调整，调节→adjust(vt.)调整，调节，使适应7．diverse(adj.)各种各样的→diversity(n.)多样性，差异8．resign(vt.&vi.)辞职→resignation(n.)辞职9．elect(vt.)选举，推选→election(n.)选举10．merciful(adj.)宽大的，仁慈的→mercy(n.)宽容，仁慈11．collision(n.)相撞→collide(v.)(使)碰撞12．packet(n.)小包，小盒→pack(vt.)把……打包13．rot(vt.&vi.)腐烂→rotten(adj.)腐烂的14．edition(n.)版本→edit(vt.)编辑；校订→editor(n.)编辑；编者，校订者15．undertake(vt.)着手做，从事16．thirst(n.)口渴→thirsty(adj.)口渴的17．container(n.)容器→contain(vt.)包含；装有18．sentence(n.)判决(v.)宣判19．furthermore/moreover(adv.)而且，此外20．consequently(adv.)所以，因此→consequent(adj.)作为结果的重点短语1．come_into_being形成，存在2．wind_sb._up故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)3．show_off炫耀，夸耀4．knock_into_sb.撞上某人5．break_into闯入6．on_principle根据原则7．keep_an_eye_on照看；密切注视8．sentence_sb._to_death判某人死刑9．welloff经济上宽裕的，处境好的10．takesth.seriously认真对待11．aboveall最重要的是；首先12．doawaywith废除；取消13．atrisk冒险14．theotherwayround相反的15．contributeto促进；有助于16．takeintoaccount考虑，注意，体谅热点句型1．it'shightimethatsb.didsth.“到某人做某事的时候了”Asasociety,it's_high_time_that_we_tooktheseissuesmoreseriously.(教材P34)作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。2．wouldrather后宾语从句用虚拟语气I'dratheryoudidn'tmentionthat.(教材P35)我宁愿你不要提那件事。3．whatif引导的条件状语从句What_ifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs？(教材P36)要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmade_it_easiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.(教材P38)然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。教材复现在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Besides,we'realltaxpayerssothemoreweearn,the________taxwehavetopaytothosewhogovernus.答案：more2．Inthisspendingcircle,ontheonehand,weaccumulatepossessionsbutneverfeellikewehaveenough.________theotherhand,weworktowardstheownershipofbiggerand________(good)housesandcarsandneverhavetimetoenjoythem.答案：On;better3．Asasociety,it'shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmore________(serious)．答案：seriously4．Aboveall,weshouldrememberthat“being”and“doing”aremuchmoreimportantthan________(have)．答案：having5．Iflawssuchasthesecameintobeing,ahugeadjustmentwouldbe________(require)andtherewouldcertainlybediversereactions.答案：required6．Beijing'shutongsareparticularlyfamous,________，astherearethousandsofthem.答案：however7．ThemajorityofBeijing'shutongswerebuiltbetweenthe13th________19thcenturiesduringtheYuan,MingandQingDynasties.答案：and8．Byconnectingpeople'shomes,thehutongsinfactconnectedpeople'slives,________thelivesoftherichorthelivesoftheordinarycitizens.答案：whether9．Manynewhutongswerequicklybuilttohousethe________(increase)populationbutthesewerepoorlymade.答案：increasing10．ThehutongsnotonlylinkBeijing'sstreetsandcommunitiesafterall,butalsoitspastandpresent,________(show)thatBeijingistrulyanancientyetmoderncity.答案：showing1eq\a\vs4\al(abundantadj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的)Therehavealsosadlybeenabundantcasesofviolenceathome.(P33)令人伤心的是，在国内也有大量的暴力案件。(1)beabundantin＝berichin富于……，……很丰富(2)abundancen.丰富anabundanceof丰富的……inabundance大量地，丰富，富裕(3)abundantlyadv.丰富地，大量地；十分清楚地，非常明白地①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Sometimesgivingfromourneedinsteadofourabundanceisjustwhatweneedtodo!有时候在自己不富有的情况下为他人提供帮助恰好是我们需要做的事情。②[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.30多亿的旅鸽占据了美国鸟类总数的24%～40%，使其或许成为了世界上种类最丰富的鸟。③[牛津词典]Wehaveabundantproofofhisguilt.我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。④[牛津词典]Itisalandabundant_inminerals.那是一片矿产丰富的土地。⑤[朗文词典]Theparkhasan_abundance_ofwildlife.这个公园有大量的野生动植物。⑥[朗文词典]Wildflowersgrowin_abundanceonthehillsides.山坡上长满了野花。2eq\a\vs4\al(burdenn.[C]担子；重担；精神负担vt.使担负；使负重)Instead,theyfeellikeaburdenbecauseeverymonthwehavetohandovermostofthemoneyweearntopayforthem.(P34)相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分的钱拿出来支付贷款。(1)beaburdento/on是……的负担；加给某人的重担bear/carry/reduce/sharethe_burden承受/担负/减少/分担重担(2)burdensb./oneselfwithsth.装载……；使……负担……beburdenedwith...负重；为……所累①[人教⑩－2]Theburdenofgovernmentsitsheavilyonmyshoulders.治理国家的重担落在我的肩上。②[2013·北京高考]Weallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobe_asignificantburden_onthefamilybudget.我们都知道给家庭供热的费用将一直是家庭预算的一项重大负担。③[牛津词典]Hisinvalidfatherisbecominga_burden_tohim.他父亲体弱多病，对他渐渐成了累赘。④[牛津词典]Idon'twanttoburdenyouwithmyproblems.我不想让我的问题给你添加负担。⑤[牛津词典]Industryisheavilyburdened_withtaxation.工业为重税所累。易混辨析burden表示“负担，担子”，多为贬义load表示“装载物，负荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的负担，压力”，loadsof/aloadof很多[一言辨异]Theydon'twanttoaddtotheirparents'burden,_soittakesaloadofftheirmindtoleavethechildintheircharge.他们不想给父母增加负担，所以让他们放下思想上的包袱，他们自己会支付孩子的费用。⑥用load/burden的适当形式填空a．Thetruckswaitedatthewarehousetopickuptheir________.b．Thereare________ofplacestoseeinAustralia.c．PupilsofChinatodayare________withalotofacademictasks.答案：a.loadsb．loadsc．burdened3eq\a\vs4\al(resignvt.&vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从)Hisbossinsistedthatheworklongerhourssoheresigned.(P35)他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。(1)resignfrom辞去……职务resignoneselfto(doing)sth.听从……，顺从……resignone'sjob/post/position辞去工作/职位(2)resignationn.辞呈；辞职①[牛津词典]Sheresignedherdirectorshipandleftthefirm.她放弃了董事职务，离开了公司。②Hehasresigned_fromthreeofthemanyofficesheheld.他已经辞去他所担任的众多职务中的三个职务。③[朗文词典]Iresigned_myself_topayingthefees.我只好付了费。④[牛津词典]Sheseemsresigned_to_not_havingaholidaythisyear.她对今年不休假似乎并无怨言。4eq\a\vs4\al(electvt.选举，推选；选择)Thereisaleaderineachareaofthetownandeachtownhasanelectedleader.(P36)这个城镇的每个地区都有一个领导人，而且每个城镇都有一个选出来的领导人。(1)electsb.(tobe/as)选举某人为……electto_dosth.选择做某事；决定做……electsb.to...选举某人进入……(2)electionn.选举；推举；当选run_foranelection参加竞选wintheelection赢得选举①[朗文词典]WhatarethechancesthataDemocratwillbeelectedpresident?民主党人当选为总统的机会有多大？②[朗文词典]Shewasfirstelected_tocongressin1988.她于1988年首次入选国会。③[牛津词典]Sheelected_to_becomealawyer.她决定做律师。④[2013·湖南高考]Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?你听说了最近的选举了吗？⑤[朗文词典]Shewon_the_electionbyalargemargin.她以较大优势在选举中胜出。易混辨析elect“选举”，指通过正式方式选择，后接人及所任职位choose“选择，抉择”，用途最广，指一般的“选择”，作“抉择”时侧重意志或判断select“精选”，指在同类的许多东西中，仔细慎重地加以选择，标准较为严格⑥用elect/choose/select的适当形式填空a．He________tolearnGermanratherthanFrenchinschool.b．I________fourpostcardsandhandedthemtothecashier.c．Obamawas________presidentofAmericaforthesecondtime.答案：a.choseb．selectedc．elected5eq\a\vs4\al(undertakevt.undertook；undertaken着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应)Conditionsimprovedagreatdealandthegovernmentundertookthepreservationofmanyoftheoldesthutongs.(P38)胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。eq\a\vs4\al(undertakesth.承担……；负责……,undertaketodosth.答应做某事；承诺做……,undertakethat...担保……/保证……)①[2015·湖北高考]Wemustactasquicklyaspossiblenow.Justtelluswhether/ifyoucanundertakethetaskornot.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。②[朗文词典]Thecountryundertookamassivereformofitslegalsystem.国家进行法律体制的大规模改革。③[2013·江西高考]TheUnitedNationsOrganization(UNO)couldundertake_to_directthedistributionofaid.联合国组织(UNO)可以来指导援助的分配。④Ican'tundertake_thatyouwillmakeaprofit.我不能担保你会获利。6eq\a\vs4\al(sentencen.句子；判决；宣判vt.判决；宣判；判刑)IntheUSAinthelast100years,23menhavebeenwronglysentencedtodeathandtherearedoubtsabout400othercases.(P40)在过去的100年里，美国有23人已被错误地判处死刑，有另外400件案例遭质疑。(1)serveasentence服刑pass/givesentenceonsb.给某人判刑a_death/lifesentence死刑/无期徒刑(2)sentencesb.tosth.给某人判……刑(常用被动语态)besentenced_todeath/threeyearsinprison被判死刑/三年徒刑①[2014·湖北高考]IfirstsawthissentencewhenIenteredjuniorhighschool.我第一次看到这句话是在我上高中时。②[牛津词典]Thejudgepassed_sentence_ontheprisoner.法官宣布了对犯人的判决。③[牛津词典]Shehasservedhersentence,_andwillnowbereleased.她已服刑期满，现即将获释。④[朗文词典]Hewas_sentenced_tolifeinprisonforthemurder.他因谋杀罪被判终身监禁。⑤Themurdererwas_sentenced_todeath.杀人犯被判处死刑。－特别提示－sentence最常见的意思是“句子”；sentence当“判决，宣判，判刑”讲时既可作名词，也可作动词，常用被动语态。7eq\a\vs4\al(consequentlyadv.所以，因此)Hehadsustainedabrokenbackwhileworkinginthemines.Consequently,hespenttherestofhislifeinawheelchair.(P41)他在矿井工作时被压断了脊骨，结果，下半辈子都与轮椅为伴了。(1)consequencen.结果，后果asaconsequence/result＝inconsequence因此；结果inconsequenceof＝asaconsequenceof由于……的缘故；因而take/facetheconsequences承担后果(2)consequentadj.作为结果的；随之发生的①[2014·湖南高考]Todealwiththeseproblems,conse－quently,_Ihaveworkedheartandsoultocreatemyownmagicneutralwaterpen.为了解决这些问题，因此我全心全意地工作来创造我自己的圆珠笔。②[牛津词典]MycarbrokedownandconsequentlyIwaslate.我的汽车坏了，所以我迟到了。③[人教⑥－4]Theconsequenceofarisingsealevelwouldbewidespreadflooding.海平面升高的后果将是洪水泛滥。④[牛津词典]Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobin_consequence_ofit.她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。⑤[朗文词典]Hediedas_a_consequence_ofinjurieshereceivedintheaccident.他在事故中受伤致死。过关演练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1．Thisgenerationofyoungpeopleislikelytobe________(burden)withgreaterdebtsthaneverbefore.答案：burdened此处考查过去分词表示被动。2．[牛津词典]Therewasgoodfood________abundanceattheparty.答案：ininabundance“大量地”。3．[朗文词典]Burtonresigned________thecompanyyesterday.答案：fromresignfrom“辞去……职务”。4．[2013·上海高考]Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhohavebeen________(elect)tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.答案：elected此处考查现在完成时的被动形式。5．[牛津词典]Heunderstood________(finish)thejobbyFriday.答案：tofinishunderstandtodo“答应做某事”。6．Hewassentenced________asixmonthsimprisonment.答案：tobesentencedto“被判处……”。7．[朗文词典]Hedidn'tstudyand________(consequence)failedthefinalexam.答案：consequently副词consequently在句中作状语修饰动词failed。1eq\a\vs4\al(comeintobeing＝comeintoexistence形成，存在；出现；产生；诞生)Iflawssuchasthesecameintobeing,ahugeadjustmentwouldberequiredandtherewouldcertainlybediversereactions.(P34)如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要做巨大的调整，而且人们的反应也一定会各有不同。eq\a\vs4\al(comeintoeffect开始生效，开始实行,comeintouse/service开始使用/应用,comeintoforce规章、制度、法律等开始实施,comeintosight/view看见,comeintofashion开始流行,comeintopower开始执政/掌权)①[2013·安徽高考]Astheunhappynewcomersmixedtogetherinthepoorpartsofthecity,thedanceknownasthetango(探戈舞)came_into_being.随着这些不快乐的初到者聚集到了城市中的贫穷区，一种被叫做探戈的舞蹈出现了。②[外研⑤－6]Inthe1990stheshawlscame_into_fashionamongrichpeople.20世纪90年代，披肩在富人中流行起来。③[朗文词典]Asweturnedthecorner,thetowncame_into_view.我们拐过弯后，小镇便映入眼帘。④[朗文词典]Thenewlawcomes_into_effecttomorrow.这项新法律将于明天生效。2eq\a\vs4\al(showoff炫耀，夸耀)Nobodyhasanydesiretoshowoff...(P36)没有人有炫耀的想法……(1)showup出现，露面；(使)显眼，(使)显现showsb./sth.up揭发……showsb.in/out领某人进来/出去showsb.around/roundaplace带某人参观某地showsb.the_way_to领某人去某地(2)(be)onshow＝(be)ondisplay在展出①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ改编]Theliontamerusesachairtoshow_offhisskill.驯兽师运用椅子来炫耀他的技巧。②[外研⑥－1]Althoughsomepeopleliketoshow_offtheirwealth,incomeisaveryprivatematterformostAmericans.虽然有些人喜欢炫耀自己的财富，但对大多数美国人而言，收入是一件非常隐私的事情。③It'sreallygoodofyoutospendsomuchtimeshowingmearound.你真是太热情了，花这么多时间带我参观。④[朗文词典]Itwas9：20whenhefinallyshowed_up.9点20分时他终于露面了。⑤[牛津词典]Thedustontheshelfshows_upinthesunshine.在阳光照射下能看见架子上有灰尘。3eq\a\vs4\al(knockintosb.撞上某人，遇上某人)ThereisacaraccidentthereatleastonceaweekandtodayInearlyknockedintosomebodycrossingtheroad！(P36)一周至少有一次汽车交通事故，今天我几乎撞上了一个横穿马路的人！eq\a\vs4\al(knockdown/over撞倒；打倒；拆除,knockaton敲门、窗、墙等,knockout使……失去知觉；击败；淘汰；苦干,knockagainst撞到……上,knockoff减价；中断，停止)图解助记①Hewouldalmostknock_intomebeforehesawme.他几乎要撞到我时才看到我。②Iknocked_intoanoldfriendofmineintheparkyesterday.我昨天在公园里碰见一位老朋友。－特别提示－knockinto表示“撞上”时，相当于runinto；表示“遇上”时，相当于comeacross,meetwith或meetbychance。③[牛津词典]Shewas_knocked_downbyabus.她被公共汽车撞倒了。④[牛津词典]Whattimedoyouknock_offwork?你什么时候下班？⑤[朗文词典]Heknocked_outhisopponentinthefifthround.他在第5回合击昏了对手。⑥[朗文词典]I've_been_knocking_at/onthedoorforfiveminutes.我敲门都敲了5分钟了。过关演练选词填空eq\x(showoff；comeintobeing；knockinto；showup)1．[2013·重庆高考]Ataroundthesametime,mentalhubs________.答案：cameintobeing2．Itwasteno'clockwhenhefinally________.答案：showedup3．[牛津词典]Thechilddancedaroundtheroom,________toeverybody.答案：showingoff4．Hewasinsuchahurrythathealmost________me.答案：knockedinto1eq\a\vs4\al(Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs？P36,要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？)Whatif...？意为“如果……将怎么办？”可以看作Whatwillhappenif...？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系”，看作是Whatdoesitmatterif...的省略形式。(1)howcome意为“……是怎么回事，为什么”。可以单独(后面不接成分)出现在对话的语境中(实质上是省略上文提到的事情)，也可以在howcome后接语序完整的陈述句。(2)Sowhat？口语用法，认为某事无关紧要，尤其用于反驳他人的指责，意为“那又如何？”。①[牛津词典]What_ifitrainswhenwecan'tgetundershelter?假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨可怎么办？②[朗文词典]What_ifwegetstuckoutthereinthesnow?如果我们被困在雪地里怎么办呢？③[牛津词典]He'sfifteenyearsyoungerthanme.So,what_ifheis?他比我小十五岁。即使如此，又有什么了不起？④[朗文词典]How_comeyoudidn'ttellmethisbefore?你以前怎么没告诉我这件事？⑤—Andrewwon'tlikeit,youknow.—So_what?Idon'tcarewhatAndrewthinks!——你知道安德鲁是不会喜欢的。——那又怎样？我才不在乎安德鲁怎么想呢！2Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs，whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.P38,然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。句中madeiteasier是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语tokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements。(1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，当“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。(3)在英语中，动词let,make,have,feel,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但被动句中，省掉的to必须加上。①Peopleinthewestmake_it_a_rule_to_buyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.西方国家的人常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。②Thismakes_it_possibleforagricultureandindustryto_developquickly.这使工农业有可能很快发展。③Wemade_him_monitorofourclass.我们选他为班长。④[2013·山东高考]Sheletmeseethatmakingothersfeelgoodmakes_me_feelgoodtoo.她让我明白了使他人开心，也会使自己开心。⑤[2014·湖南高考]Make_what_you're_doing_today_important,_becauseyou'retradingadayofyourlifeforit.重视你今天正在做的事，因为你为此付出了生命中的一天。过关演练Ⅰ.选词填空eq\x(whatif；howcome；sowhat)1．—Lindadidn'tinviteustotheparty.—________？Idon'tcare.答案：Sowhat2．________thetrainislate?答案：Whatif3．________youdidn'ttellmeearlier?答案：Howco