承德市承德县2023年考研《英语一》高分冲刺试题含解析

承德市承德县2023年考研《英语一》高分冲刺试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Iquitmyjobtostartmyownbusinessbeforemysonwasborn.Luckily,fourmonthslater,abiginvestmentcompany1meaboutthecooperationbetweenus,promisingthatitcouldtakemycompanytothenextlevel.Thensomething2happened.Ireceivedanemailfromtheinvestorthatread:“We’regoingtoendourcooperation.”Iwas3.Thenextfewdays,whenIthoughtofthisdiscouragement,I4howhelplessItrulywas.AndIalsobecameawarethatIhadafearof5.IfIwasgoingtokeepmovingforwardwithmycompany,I’dhaveto6thisfear.So,IturnedtoGoogleforan7andIfoundagamecalledRejectionTherapy.It8tohelpyouovercomeyourfearofrejectionby9seekingoutrejection.Iloveditand10tohaveatry.Asmyrejectionjourneycontinued,Ibegantofeelmoreandmore11whenaskingforthings.IrealizedIcould12whatIcandotoovercomemyfear,andbytheendofmy100-dayjourneyitactuallybecame13formetoreceive“no”.Ievenmadeshocking14onpurpose,suchasaskinga15ifIcouldplaysoccerinhisbackyard.Thecrazything?Theyallsaidyes.Intheend,my10-dayjourney16with51yesesand49noes.Inthe17ofmyrejectionjourney,Ilearnedthatwhenweshyawayfromrejectionwerejectourselvesandourideasbeforetheworldeverhasa18topayattentiontoandrejectus.Thatcomestobethegreatest19I’velearned—nomatterwhat,don’tbe20bytheworld.1、A．employed B．impressed C．refused D．approached2、A．unfamiliar B．unexpected C．unusual D．unforgettable3、A．discouraged B．frightened C．astonished D．excited4、A．confused B．realized C．guessed D．revealed5、A．connection B．invitation C．rejection D．communication6、A．getover B．turnover C．getoff D．turndown7、A．explanation B．access C．inspiration D．answer8、A．arranges B．offers C．aims D．prepares9、A．deliberately B．sincerely C．violently D．secretly10、A．managed B．decided C．demanded D．hesitated11、A．ashamed B．guilty C．fearless D．embarrassed12、A．focuson B．getdown C．setaside D．takeover13、A．easy B．difficult C．boring D．interesting14、A．suggestions B．comments C．requests D．improvements15、A．acquaintance B．friend C．relative D．stranger16、A．used B．concluded C．missed D．abandoned17、A．process B．way C．measure D．challenge18、A．struggle B．choice C．plan D．chance19、A．subject B．truth C．lesson D．note20、A．respected B．loved C．judged D．ignoredSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1BlackFridayThedayafterThanksgivingisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason.ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday,sothedayafterisaFriday.ThisdayhascometobeknownasBlackFriday.Ithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearsince2005.MoststoresoffergreatdealsonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsinthesmallhoursofthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts.SomeitemslikeTVsaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseitems.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.BlackFridayisagreattimetogetgooddeals.Theproblemisthattherearenotenoughlow-priceditemstogoaround.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Theseitemsareinhighdemand.Peoplestandinlonglinestogetsuchgreatdeals.Theymaylineuphoursbeforeastoreopens.TheymaybehopingtogetalowpriceonaTVorlaptop,butnoteveryonewhowantsonewillgetone.Somepeopleleavedisappointed.Thesituationcanbetense.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeenviolent.Large,eagercrowdshavetrampledworkers.Fightshavebrokenoutovertoysorpeoplecuttinginline.Peoplehaveshotoneanotheroverparkingspots.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplanongoing,expectlargecrowdsandabitofpushingandshoving.Sowheredoesthename“BlackFriday”comefrom?ItwasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.ThepolicecalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitdrew.Inthe1960s,spreadacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartintheeventknownasBlackFriday.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheU.K.,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InCostaRicaBlackFridayisknownas“ViernesNegro.”AndinMexico,storesofferanannualweekendofdiscounts.Theycallit“ElBuenFin,”whichmeans“thegoodweekend”inSpanish.Iguessthelanguageofsavingsisuniversal.1、Whydostoressetpricessolowonsomeitemsthattheylosemoney?A．Theywantpeopletoenjoytheholidays.B．Theyaregenerousatthebeginningoftheholidayseason.C．Theyhopepeoplewillbuyothergiftswhiletheyareinthestore.D．Theyaretryingtogetridofoleitemstothethirdparagraph?2、Whichbestconcludesthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．PeoplestandinlonglinesonBlackFriday.B．BlackFridayisareallydisappointingtimeoftheyear.C．BlackFridayisthebesttimeoftheyeartogetgooddeals.D．BlackFridaydealsarelimitedandnoteveryonewillgetone.3、Whichbestdescribestheoverallstructureofthefifthparagraph?A．Orderoftime. B．Problemandsolution.C．Orderofimportance. D．Compareandcontrast.4、Whichtitlebestexpressestheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?A．BlackFriday:StoriesfromtheParkingLotB．BlackFriday:WhyYouShouldGoThisYearC．BlackFriday:TheStuffThatYouShouldKnowD．BlackFriday:HowtoSaveMoneyontheBigDayText2Thekeytogettingpeopletoworktogethereffectivelycouldbegivingthemthefreedomtochoosetheircollaborators(合作者)andthecomfortofworkingwithestablishedcontacts,newresearchsuggests.Inthestudy,DavidMelamed,anassistantprofessorofsociologyattheOhioStateUniversityandleadauthorofthestudy,andhisco-authorsfoundparticipantsthroughtheAmazonMechanicalTurkwebsite—aservicethatallowsresearcherstohirepeoplefromaroundtheworldforavarietyofpurposes.Forthisstudy,allparticipantswerefromtheUnitedStates.Thosewhoagreedtoparticipateplayedonlinegamesinwhicheachplayerstartedoutwith1,000monetaryunitsthattranslatedto$1inrealmoneytheycouldpocket.Ifoneplayeragreedtopayanotherplayer50monetaryunits,thatsecondpersonwouldactuallyacquire100units.Eachofthe16-roundgamesincludedabout25participants,someofwhomparticipatedinmultiplegames.Inall,810peopleparticipatedintheresearch.Someofthegamesincludedrandomnetworks,wherecertainpeoplecouldinteract.Othersincludedclustered(群集的)networks,inwhichasmallgrouphadmultipleconnections—anarrangementthatwasdesignedtomimic(模拟)reallife,wherehumansoftenruntheirlivesinpacks.Andthenetworkswereeitherstatic(静态的)ordynamic(动态的).Instaticnetworks,aplayercouldinteractonlywiththeappointedpartners.Indynamicnetworks,participantscouldcuttheirtieswithanotherplayerandformnewconnections.Furthermore,someofthegamesincludedreputationinformation.Participantswerelabeledbasedontheirhistoryofwillingnesstosharemoney.Theideawastotestwhetherthoseknowntocollaboratewerefavoredbyotherplayersbasedonreputation—afactorshowninpreviousresearchtoplayasignificantroleinwhetherapersonislikelytopartnerwithanother.Melamedandhisresearchpartnersweresurprisedtofindthatwhetherpeoplearelikelytopartnerwithothershadnothingtodowithreputationinthisstudy.Thefindingsmighthavedepartedfrompreviousstudiesbecauseofthedifferenceinsizeandstudydesign,hesaid,explainingthatmuchofthepreviousworkinthisareawasconductedingroupsof100orfewerandmostlyinvolvedstudentsubjects.TheTurknetworkusedforthenewstudyhasbeenshowntoberepresentativeoftheU.S.populationintermsofage,raceandotherfactorsandtheintroducedplayershadnopreviousconnections.Cooperationratesoverallwerehigh—andhighestwhentheparticipantswerecooperatinginclustersandhadtheabilitytodropapartnerinfavorofanother.“Whatreallyseemstomatteristheabilitytochangethestructureofanetwork,”Melamedsaid.“Andthepatternsofrelationshipsalsomadeadifference.Thoseinaknownclusterwithmultipleconnectionscooperatedmore.”1、WhatdidDavidMelamedandhispartnersdofortheirstudy?A．Theyhired810peopleglobally.B．Theygaveeachparticipant$1,000.C．Theydesigned16-roundonlinegames.D．Theyaskedeachparticipanttotakepartinonlyonegame.2、Comparedwithpreviousresearch,thenewstudyfoundthat_____.A．reputationplayednoroleincooperationB．studentsubjectsweremorelikelytopartnerwithothersC．playershavingconnectionsbeforeweremorecooperativeD．cooperationrateswereinfluencedbyage,raceandotherfactors3、ItcanbeinferredthatthepurposeofthestudyledbyDavidMelamedistodiscover_____.A．howtochangethepatternsofrelationshipsB．whatleadspeopletocollaboratemostwillinglyC．whatkindofpersonisthemostpopularinateamD．whetherit’spropertodropapartnerinfavorofanotherText3Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,reducingtheneedtobreedlabmonkeysandpavingthewayformoreaccurate,effectiveandaffordableanimaltestsfornewdrugs,scientistssaidonThursday.ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemacaques(猕猴)named”ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomaticcells(体细胞)-anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.Tetra,amonkeybornin1999,istheworld'sfirstclonedmonkey,butitwasdonebyusingasimplermethodcalledembryosplitting(胚胎分割);butitcouldonlygeneratefourclonedoffspringatatimeandcannotbegeneticallychangedtosuittheexperimentalneed.Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(灵长类)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeup,andthereforeallofitscomplexity,withhumans.Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostlyandbadfortheenvironment,andproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.Bycloningmonkeyusingsomaticcells,wecanmassivelycultivatelargenumbersofgeneticallyidenticaloffspringinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds.Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent“Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans,”hesaid.Thisisespeciallyusefulintestingdrugsforneural(神经的)diseasessuchasParkinson’sdisease,metabolicsyndrome(代谢综合症)andimmunesystemdiseases,andtumors,headded.“ThisachievementwillhelpChinaleadtheworldresearchintheinternationalscienceprojectsrelatedtoneuralmappingofprimatebrains,"hesaid."However,biolabsfromtheUnitedStates,Japan,andEuropeancountriesarealsoverycapable,andtheywillquicklycatchupwithChinaafterthemonkeycloningtechnologyismadepublic,"Sunadded.“Thismeanswehavetoinnovatecontinuouslyandworkextrahardthisyeartostayahead,"hesaid.1、Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorincloningmacaquesnamed"ZhongZhong"and"HuaHua"?A．Reproductivecells.B．SomaticcellsC．Neuralmapping.D．Geneticmakeup2、Whyiscloningmonkeyssodifficult?A．Becauseitisbadforourenvironment.B．Becauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.C．Becausemonkeys'geneticmakeupisascomplicatedashumans.D．Becauseitistooexpensivetoworkontheirgeneticmakeup.3、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph8?A．Thecureforneuraldiseases.B．Theprocessofcloningmonkeys.C．Thesignificanceofcloningmonkeys.D．Thecloserelationsbetweenmonkeysandhumans.4、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．Moreeffectivemedicinewillbeproduced.B．Drugtrialsonlabmicewillbeabandoned.C．Chinaisthefirstcountrytohaveclonedmonkeys.D．Chinawillstayaheadoftheworldincloning.Text4TheWorld’sLargestLibrariesBritishLibrary(UnitedKingdom，London)TheBritishLibrarywascreatedbyActofParliamentin1972；previously，thelibraryhadbeenpartoftheBritishMuseum，wherethefamouscircularreadingroomhadaccommodatedresearchersincludingKarlMarx，whoworkedon‘DasKapital’there，aswellasOscarWideandMahatmaGandhi．TheBritishLibraryisnowhousedinanewbuildinginSt．Pancras，London，whereitstreasuresincludetwoGutenbergbibles，theLindisfarneGospelsandoneofLeonardodaVmci’snotebooks．LibraryofCongress(UnitedStates，Washington，D．C．)Foundedin1800withtheprivatecollectionofThomasJefferson，theLibraryofCongressisineffecttheUSA’sNationalLibrary．ItreceivestwocopiesofeverythingpublishedintheUnitedStates．TheLibraryofCongresswagburnedbytheBritishArmyin1812，andseverelydamagedbyfireagainin1851．Thecollectionincludesmanyrarebooks，drawingsandtwoStradivariusviolins．NewYorkPublicLibraryTheNewYorkPublicLibrarydevelopedgraduallyinthenineteenthcenturyfromthemergerandacquisition(收购兼并)ofanumberofpublicandprivatecollections；ithasmanybranchesindifferentdistrictsofNewYorkCity．Itremainsastructurewhichcombinespublicandprivatefinanceandgovernance．TreasuresheldatthelibraryincludeaGutenbergBible．RussianStateLibrary(Moscow)Foundedin1862astheMoscowpubliclibraryandmuseum，thiscollectionbecametheStateLibraryin1925．InconsequenceitreceivescopiesofallRussianpublications，andalsoholdslargecollectionsofmaps，journals，musicscoresandrecordings．ItspossessionsincludetheArchangelGospel，acodexintheSlavoniclanguagedatingfrom1092．1、Whichlibrarymetwithtwobiglossesinhistory?A．BritishLibrary． B．LibraryofCongress．C．NewYorkPublicLibrary． D．RussianStateLibrary．2、WhatcanwefindintheRussianStateLibrary?A．LindisfameGospels． B．Stradivariusviolins．C．AGutenbergBible． D．TheArchangelGospel．3、Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．KarlMarxandOscarWideworkedaslibrariansintheBritishLibrary．B．TheLibraryofCongressreceivestwocopiesofallpublicationsinRussia．C．TheNewYorkPublicLibraryissupportedbystateandpersonaldonation．D．TheRussianStateLibrarypossessesaGutenbergBibleinSlavonic．PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AyoungmanandanoldmanwerewaitingforabusTheysatnexttoeachother“What’sthatinyourbag?”askedtheyoungman,1．(point)toabigbagbesidetheoldman“GoldTherewasnothingbutgold,”answeredtheoldmanTheyoungmancouldnotbelievehisownearsandwas2．greatsurpriseThenhebegantothinkabout3．togetthemoneyTheoldmanwasverytiredand4．seemedthathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopenAfterawhiletheoldmanlaydownonthechairandfell5．(sleep)Theyoungmantookthebigbaggentlyand6．(quiet)Butwhenhewasjustabout7．(run)away,hefoundacornerofhisfurcoatwasundertheoldman’sbodySeveraltimeshetriedtopullitout,butinvain(徒劳)Atlasthetookoffhiscoat,thinkingthatthegoldinthebagmustcostfarmorethanhisfurcoatWorriedbutdelighted,theyoungmanranoutofthestationasquicklyashislegscouldcarryhim,untilhereachedaplace8．hethoughttheoldmancouldn'tfindhimHestoppedandquickly9．(open)thebagbuthejustfoundagreatmanyofsmallstonesinitThenheranbacktothestationhurriedlyonlytofindthattheoldmanwas10．(go)Edinburgh,thecapitalcityofScotland,isfamousforitsfestivalsTherearetwelvefestivalsaroundtheyear,halfof1．arecelebratedduringthemonthsofJulyandAugustHerearetwofamousfestivals2．(hold)eachyearduringthesummerinEdinburgh—theEdinburghInternationalFestivalandtheEdinburghInternationalBookFestivalThefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival3．(plan)duringWorldWarIIforartiststofindhopeandcommunicatewitheachother4．(late),actors,musicians,dancersandsingersfromallovertheworldcameovertogive5．(perform)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivaldevelopedsofastthatitsoonearneditsreputation6．oneoftheworld’sgreatestcelebrationsoftheartAnyonecanperforminthefestival7．manyartiststakepartinitDuringthefestival,youcangototheRoyalMile8．(watch)showsforfreeTheEdinburghInternationalBookFestivalisthelargestbookfestivalintheworldThefestival9．(take)placeeveryyearinCharlotteSquareGardensinthecentreofEdinburghThereareover700eventsforpeoplewholovebooksManykidsfindthefestival10．(attract)becausetheycanlistentostoriesandwatchartistsdrawpicturesofthestoriesSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Teacherslovetoputstudentsintoteams.1、Why?Becausetheyknowtheresponsibleteammemberswillcomethroughforagoodgrade.Ifyouareteamedupwithastudentwhoislazy,theworstthingyoucandoisletitgetyoudown.2、anditmightcreateapositivechangeinyourpartner!Trythesetipsforworkingwithaslacker(懒虫).●Beexcitedandprovideagoodexample.Yourslackermaybeagoodpersonwhohasdevelopedbadworkhabits.Youmaybeabletoteachyourpartnersomevaluableskillsforasuccessfulfuture.●Thinkrewards!3、Forinstance,youcouldpromisetomakecupcakesforthenextworkmeetingandencourageyourpartnertobringagoodsnack.●Makesometimetositwithyourpartnerandestablishasetofworkrulesanddeadlines.Don’tquarrel,though.Makeitclearthatyouwouldliketoestablishrulestokeepyoubothontrack.4、Keeparecordofyourrules,yourinitialmeetings,andyourwork.Whenitbecomesobviousintherecordsthatyou’redoingallthework,talkwiththeslacker.5、A．Don’tlettheangerandpaindefeatyou.B．Comeupwithagreatrewardformeetingsomegoal.C．Instead,takesomestepstoencourageyourpartnertowork.D