空气质量评价数学建模论文

-.z.数学建模论文A题空气质量评价摘要本文主要研究空气质量评价的相关问题，为突出改良之后的模型中的实时特性而对数据做了必要的省略处理，然后在现有的国家最新空气污染物监测标准〔HJ633-2012环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定〕的根底上利用半集均方差原理对现有空气质量计算模型进展改良。在论证修正后模型可行性的根底上再对模型加以优化，最后利用优化后的模型对附表二中的各项监测结果得出其空气质量指数。针对问题一，由于目标模型十分强调实时性，于是把附表一中臭氧8小时平均值﹑细颗粒物24小时平均值﹑可吸入颗粒物24小时平均值做了必要的省略处理。联系实际分析论证了现有模型的局限性，并在此根底上采用半集均方差原理对现有模型进展改良，结果顺利得到优化后的计算模型。针对问题二，考虑到优化后的计算模型并没有对不同的污染物的危害做出差异化的评价，而是直接取表中所有污染物的AQI平均值进展分析。所以引入层次分析法根据污染物的危害性对不同的污染物赋予相应的权重，对半集均方差公式进展合理修正，最后得到修正后的空气质量计算模型。再代入附表二中的数据即得到各个观测点的空气质量指数。详细的matlab实现程序见附录二。【关键词】一维插值半集均方差层次分析加权法优化后的半集均方差1问题重述空气质量指数〔AQI〕是定量描述空气质量状况的无量纲指数。其数值越大、级别和类别越高，说明空气污染状况越严重，对人体的安康危害也就越大。空气质量指数实时报一般是发布每个每一整点时刻的空气质量指数。实时报的指标包括二氧化硫(SO2)、氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)、臭氧(O3)1小时平均值、臭氧(O3)8小时平均值、一颗粒物(粒径小于等于10μm)、细颗粒物(粒径小于等于2.5μm)的1小时平均值和24小时平均值共计9个指标。1中列出了*地区11个城市过去7个时刻的空质量指标取值和相应的空气质量指数。建立一种新的空气质量指数计算模型，并比拟与现有计算模型的区别。利用新的计算模型计算2中各个观测点的空气质量指数。2根本假设〔1〕附表一和附表二中的数据是利用统一的污染物监测仪器并按照统一的测量方法测量得到的。〔2〕附表一中的原有的空气质量指数〔AQI〕是按照国家最新出台的统一标准〔HJ633-2012环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定〕进展计算的。〔3〕由于国家最新出台的标准中并没有PM2.5和PM10一小时平均浓度限值，所以计算时采用PM2.5和PM10二十四小时平均浓度限值近似代替。〔4〕观测点的测量仪器所测量的不同种污染物浓度之间相互独立，互不影响。〔5〕所测量的各个观测点附近的空气污染程度在测量的时刻较为稳定，不发生剧烈变化。〔6〕在研究各种指标集对*物影响的过程中，不仅指标集中的最大值具有最重要的作用，次大值等的作用也不容无视，甚至具有与最大值类似的影响。〔7〕大气中各种污染物对环境和人类的危害程度是不一样的。3符号说明污染物工程P的空气质量分指数；污染物工程P的质量浓度值；表1中与相近的污染物浓度限值的高值位；表1中与相近的污染物浓度限值的低值位；表1中与对应的空气质量分指数；表1中与对应的空气质量分指数；空气质量分数污染物工程半集均方差；大于中位数半集的分指数；大于中位数半集的分指数个数；平均数；对各个加权后得到的综合指数；修正后的半集均方差；4问题分析4.1问题一的分析要建立新的空气质量指数计算模型，就必须先明确现有计算模型的缺乏之处。我国现有空气质量计算模型主要依据"HJ633-2012环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定"里的一维插值分析法。我们以附表一中第一组数据为例进展分析：先对照下表中各种污染物浓度限值得到相关数值表1空气质量分指数及对应的污染物工程浓度限值〔2〕把得到的数据代入以下的一维插值公式，分别进展计算〔3〕得到空气中各污染物的AQI，并把11个城市的各种污染物AQI绘制成折线统计图。如下列图所示：图1*时刻11个城市各污染物所对应的AQI的折线图由图可知，一般而言，对于*个特定的城市，它的PM10或PM2.5的AQI值远超过其余的各种污染物的AQI值。而根据我国的最新标准，观测点取各种污染物所对应AQI的最大值来评价整体的空气质量。公式如下：这就出现了一个问题：在现阶段的测量中，实际上只有PM10或PM2.5的AQI对最终的空气质量AQI有影响。而在实际生活中，在研究各种指标集对*物影响的过程中，不仅指标集中的最大值具有最重要的作用，次大值等的作用也不容无视，甚至具有与最大值类似的影响。现有的评价模型在实际应用中正是没有考虑到污染物次大值等的对空气总体质量的影响，不免有些以偏概全。为了解决这一问题，我们引入了半集均方差原理来构建新的空气质量指数计算模型。4.2问题二的分析我们先查找出各种大气污染物对环境和人类有哪些方面的的危害：〔1〕二氧化硫的主要危害：形成工业烟雾，高浓度时使人呼吸困难，是著名的伦敦烟雾事件的元凶；进入大气层后，氧化为硫酸〔SO4〕在云中形成酸雨，对建筑、森林、湖泊、土壤危害大；形成悬浮颗粒物，又称气溶胶，随着人的呼吸进入肺部，对肺有直接损伤作用。〔2〕一氧化碳的主要危害：极易与血液中运载氧的血红蛋白结合，结合速度比氧气快250倍，因此，在极低浓度时就能使人或动物遭到缺氧性伤害。轻者眩晕，头疼，重者脑细胞受到永久性损伤，甚至窒息死亡；对心脏病、贫血和呼吸道疾病的患者伤害性大；引起胎儿生长受损和智力低下。〔3〕臭氧的主要危害：低空臭氧是一种最强的氧化剂，能够与几乎所有的生物物质产生反响，浓度很低时就能损坏橡胶、油漆、织物等材料；臭氧对植物的影响很大。浓度很低时就能减缓植物生长，高浓度时杀死叶片组织，致使整个叶片枯死，最终引起植物死亡，比方高速公路沿线的树木死亡就被分析与臭氧有关；臭氧对于动物和人类有多种伤害作用，特别是伤害眼睛和呼吸系统，加重哮喘类过敏症。〔4〕二氧化氮的主要危害：刺激人的眼，鼻，喉和肺，增加病毒感染的发病率，例如引起导致支气管炎和肺炎的流行性感冒，诱发肺细胞癌变；形成城市的烟雾，影响可见度；破坏树叶的组织，抑制植物生长；在空中形成硝酸小滴，产生酸雨。〔5〕PM10和PM2.5的主要危害：随呼吸进入肺，可沉积于肺，引起呼吸系统的疾病。颗粒物上容易附着多种有害物质，有些有致癌性，有些会诱发花粉过敏症；沉积在绿色植物叶面，干扰植物吸收和二氧化碳和放出氧气和水分的过程，从而影响植物的安康和生长；厚重的颗粒物浓度会影响动物的呼吸系统；杀伤微生物，引起食物链改变，进而影响整个生态系统；遮挡而可能改变气候，这也会影响生态系统。根据以上资料，可知各种污染物对生态系统危害的原理和方式是不尽一样的，则，各种大气污染物对环境和人类的危害程度也是不一样的。因此各种污染物AQI的值在整个空气质量评价体系中所占的权重也是不一样的，并不能简单的利用平均值来反映污染的总体水平。于是我们对问题一中得到的新的空气质量指数计算模型进展必要的加权修正，在比拟了专家咨询加权法、相关系数加权法、主成分分析加权法和层次分析加权法的优缺点之后，我们选择了层次分析加权法得到各个污染物AQI所占的权重。并计算得到了优于平均值的加权指数来反映污染的总体水平。从而也得到了“优化后的半集均方差〞〔将公式中的平均数用加权指数替代〕公式。5模型的建立与求解5.1问题一的模型建立与求解首先进展数据处理，由于要建立的新空气质量指数模型十分强调实时性，于是把附表一和附表二中臭氧8小时平均值﹑细颗粒物24小时平均值﹑可吸入颗粒物24小时平均值做了必要的省略处理。且国家最新出台的标准中并没有PM2.5和PM10一小时平均浓度限值，所以计算时采用PM2.5和PM10二十四小时平均浓度限值近似代替。按照数理统计的根本概念，用来评价空气质量的分指数集合，构成了容量为n的样本。而空气质量指数则可认为是反映空气质量特性的样本数字特征，它主要应包括样本观测值的集中趋势及其离散程度两个方面。〔1〕算术均值〔亦即一阶原点矩〕是典型的也是根本的集中趋势测度，其定义式为：式中，为样本观测值；为观测值个数。算术均值不仅是度量数据离散程度的有效基准,还可以反映样本的总体水平。因此,算术均值是空气质量评价中的一个重要指标。〔2〕样本观测值的离散程度,最根本的度量是用标准差〔或称均方差〕,它是数据能变性测度，这里取定义式为：；由标准差的定义式可以推论：中最大值的增大或最小值的减小,均可导致标准差值的增大。联系到空气质量评价,也就是把远大于算术均值的分指数和远小于算术均值的分指数置于等同地位,这显然与它们的环境效应相矛盾。因为分指数中最大值对环境质量的影响是明显的,而最小值的影响较小甚至可以忽略。因此,在空气质量评价中假设简单地按定义式引入标准差,尽管可以说明分指数的离散程度,却未能真实地反映出各自对水质的影响，因而不能满足空气质量评价的需要。因此,有必要从能够充分反映的分指数对空气质量影响的特点出发,寻求满足于空气质量评价要求的数字特征。〔3〕在研究各种指标集对*物影响的过程中，不仅指标集中的最大值具有最重要的作用，次大值等的作用也不容无视，甚至具有与最大值类似的影响。因此，为了在评价体系中引入次大值等的影响。提出了用中位数来划分整个评价指令集，对大于中位数的分指数半集给予较大的权重。联系到在不同的分布形态该半集数列的疏密程度不同,可通过计算它们对算术均值的均方差,以反映大于中位数半集的离散程度。据此引出一个新的数字特征,可将它定义为半集均方差,其定义式为：〔4〕根据上述分析,空气质量指数AQI作为反映大气环境质量的数字特征,应在反映分指数集合集中趋势的根底上,用大于中位数半集的离散程度加以调整。据此可建立新的空气质量指数〔AQI〕的数学模型为：该模型可简称为半集均方差模型，该模型既通过算术均值考虑了每项分指数对空气质量的影响,也通过半集均方差对分指数中的大值给予较大的权重，据此,该模型是按各参数对大气环境影响程度的不同,综合出大气环境质量状况的数量描述。5.2问题二的模型建立与求解由问题一我们得到新的空气质量指数计算模型，但是在实际应用的过程中又发现了半集均方差模型的缺陷。由图1中的折线图可知：中国城市里PM2.5或PM10的AQI值远超于其他污染物的AQI值。所以导致了水平偏低，不能充分反映空气污染的程度。直观的表达在最后计算得到的总指数AQI明显偏低。如此再按照原有的国家标准进展比照，会发现空气污染都大大减轻了，与实际严重不符。所以我们采用层次分析加权法得到各个污染物AQI所占的权重。并计算得到了优于平均值的加权指数来反映污染的总体水平。从而也得到了“优化后的半集均方差〞〔将公式中的平均数用加权指数替代〕公式。〔1〕构造判断矩阵通过对指标之间两两重要程度进展比拟和分析判断，构造判断矩阵。层次分析法在对指标的相对重要程度进展测量时，我们引入了九分位的相对重要的比例标度。令A为判断矩阵，用以表示同一层次各个指标的相对重要性的判断值。根据心理学家提出的“人区分信息等级能力为72〞的研究结论，有如下评分规则：表2权重的评分规则注：取8,6,4,2,1/2,1/4,1/6,1/8为上述评价值的中间值。由此通过两两比拟便可以构造出判断矩阵A，如下表所示：表3打分矩阵〔2〕对判断矩阵进展一致性检验①计算判断矩阵的最大特征根：式中为判断矩阵与特征向量的乘积，即为：②计算判断矩阵的一致性指标：③计算判断矩阵随机一致性比率：最后得到结果如下：表4各指标权重和一致性指标值然后把各污染物的AQI与其相应的权重相乘得到综合指数。由此对应的修正后的半集均方差公式：修正后的空气质量指数〔AQI〕的模型为：代入附表二中的数据，得到：表5空气质量指数AQISO2CONO2O3O3PM10PM10PM2.5PM2.5AQI二氧化硫一氧化碳二氧化氮臭氧1小时平均臭氧8小时平均细颗粒物〔1小时平均值〕细颗粒物〔24小时平均值〕可吸入颗粒物(1小时平均值)可吸入颗粒物〔24小时平均值〕空气质量指数观测点10.131.530.030.010.010.310.310.190.16215观测点20.071.380.080.070.040.190.180.140.11159观测点30.013.970.020.010.010.270.210.180.1203观测点40.030.760.070.030.040.150.490.120.11137观测点50.090.810.060.020.020.170.180.130.13152观测点60.010.010.050.010.010.160.150.140.09153观测点70.040.690.040.040.050.150.140.080.07107观测点80.031.050.070.010.040.150.130.070.0795观测点90.041.520.020.020.030.110.110.120.11136观测点100.021.180.030.030.030.20.170.150.12171观测点110.030.50.020.060.060.140.160.120.11135观测点10.141.970.0800.010.360.280.230.16263观测点20.132.360.080.030.020.180.150.150.11166观测点30.14.240.080.020.010.310.220.210.11234观测点40.090.570.020.030.050.150.190.120.11136观测点50.131.210.050.0100.250.210.120.11157观测点60.022.90.040.040.040.20.190.120.1149观测点70.040.750.040.050.050.150.150.070.0799观测点80.051.120.080.010.040.160.130.10.07119观测点90.051.580.020.020.030.140.110.140.11154观测点100.041.190.020.030.030.210.170.150.12181观测点110.030.50.020.060.060.140.170.10.11120观测点10.172.350.08000.540.290.250.16396观测点20.131.580.080.050.040.160.130.150.11169观测点304.890.020.010.010.30.210.210.11225观测点40.10.570.020.050.050.160.170.120.11141观测点50.112.240.060.020.010.180.190.130.13153观测点60.027.50.040.030.030.180.170.130.12137观测点70.050.80.040.060.050.220.160.090.07132观测点80.051.060.070.040.040.190.130.090.07116观测点90.071.660.030.020.020.130.110.150.11164观测点100.061.110.030.030.030.20.180.150.12171观测点110.040.50.020.070.060.150.160.110.11128观测点10.21.780.04000.530.220.250.16371观测点20.091.270.060.070.040.20.180.110.1142观测点30.014.290.020.010.010.340.210.20.12222观测点40.10.550.020.080.050.20.190.140.11165观测点50.173.190.070.020.010.180.190.170.13185观测点60.027.610.040.030.030.180.170.110.12126观测点70.092.80.10.010.040.260.20.060.05127观测点80.050.860.020.10.040.220.140.10.07135观测点90.061.620.020.060.030.170.120.140.12166观测点101.620.071.210.030.030.03.206.1770.140.12196观测点110.020.070.50.020.090.060.190.160.1171观测点10.010.730.060.030.010.050.090.040.0455观测点20.050.690.040.060.080.130.10.060.0586观测点30.020.960.040.040.060.050.050.030.0246观测点40.030.890.060.020.020.040.090.030.0443观测点50.010.510.030.030.030.040.070.040.0447观测点60.012.150.030.050.060.050.090.040.0450观测点70.061.120.040.050.060.10.090.030.0265观测点80.030.80.030.070.080.080.060.040.0258观测点90.011.940.020.020.040.020.040.050.0550观测点100.010.750.020.030.030.060.110.040.0559观测点110.011.240.040.020.020.070.070.020.0249观测点10.020.890.070.010.040.050.10.050.0357观测点20.060.860.030.090.060.060.10.020.0446观测点30.020.660.030.060.060.050.050.020.0240观测点40.030.680.040.030.030.090.10.060.0475观测点50.010.50.040.030.040.050.090.040.0453观测点60.023.130.030.060.080.060.090.030.0450观测点70.061.270.040.070.050.10.080.030.0262观测点80.040.790.020.080.060.10.040.030.0261观测点90.021.570.010.060.050.010.050.030.0436观测点100.020.720.020.040.040.060.10.040.0455观测点110.031.20.040.030.060.050.080.020.0240观测点10.020.870.070.0100.050.10.080.0482观测点20.070.80.030.10.080.050.100.0439观测点30.030.840.030.060.060.070.050.020.0247观测点40.030.750.050.020.030.060.10.050.0461观测点50.010.50.030.030.040.040.090.040.0451观测点60.022.810.030.060.060.060.090.040.0450观测点70.061.180.050.060.060.090.080.020.0260观测点80.030.730.020.080.060.090.050.030.0258观测点90.021.640.010.060.060.030.050.030.0439观测点100.020.720.020.030.040.070.10.050.0463观测点110.021.170.040.030.050.060.080.030.0246观测点10.021.020.070.010.020.060.090.040.0454观测点20.081.350.050.050.080.070.10.030.0456观测点30.021.050.040.060.060.090.050.030.0260观测点40.021.020.070.010.030.040.090.040.0451观测点50.010.460.030.040.040.040.080.040.0449观测点60.012.30.030.060.060.050.090.040.0450观测点70.041.080.050.050.060.090.090.020.0257观测点80.030.690.020.080.080.080.050.040.0258观测点90.011.780.020.040.060.030.050.040.0445观测点100.010.730.030.030.040.070.110.050.0465观测点110.011.30.050.010.040.050.080.030.02426模型的优缺点及推广在涉及到城市空气质量状况评价时，用层次分析法能综合考虑各种不同因素，通过计算出各个因素的权重值来决定其在最后排序中所占的重要性。运用matlab软件计算出特征根与特征向量，在计算出权重值的大小。该方法能有效防止排序时顾此失彼所产生的过失，能准确反映出各个城市的空气质量状况排名。从数理统计分析、实际环境影响以及计算结果可知，修正后的半集均方差模型根本上满足了实际要求，与所讨论的原有模型比拟更为合理.但由于我国地域辽阔，空气状况差异甚大，该模型还需通过更广泛的应用加以多方面的验证,所以还有很大的优化空间。7参考文献[1]许鸿楷.半集均方差水质评价模式[J].环境科学，1985〔4〕.[2]王斌会.多元统计分析及R语言建模[M].：暨南大学，2010.1.240-243.[3]恒，概率论与数理统计教程〔第五版)[M].：高等教育，2011.6.213-216.

[4]MATLAB中文论坛，MATLAB神经网络30个案例分析[M].：航空航天大学，2010.4.133-135.[5]环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定〔试行〕HJ633-2012[Z].：中国环境科学[6]环境空气质量标准GB3095-2012[Z].：中国环境科学附录一附表一*地区11个城市的7个时刻的空气质量指标和空气质量指数SO2CONO2O3O3PM10PM10PM2.5PM2.5AQI二氧化硫一氧化碳二氧化氮臭氧1小时平均臭氧8小时平均细颗粒物〔1小时平均值〕细颗粒物〔24小时平均值〕可吸入颗粒物(1小时平均值)可吸入颗粒物〔24小时平均值〕空气质量指数城市10.0270.5160.0250.0650.0550.0390.0310.1080.12279城市20.2213.8610.1010.0120.030.220.0880.090.034135城市30.0250.6390.0360.0430.0350.0450.0510.0190.01646城市40.090.6370.0270.0450.0710.0660.1470.0310.03959城市50.0890.3720.0360.0390.0520.1740.1290.0450.034113城市60.0312.8170.0260.0820.0670.0420.0310.0920.10653城市70.0870.8260.040.0430.0630.0850.0460.0180.01668城市80.0090.3050.0340.0350.0350.0440.0340.0270.01344城市90.0451.4860.0260.0360.0470.0450.0570.0510.03471城市100.0350.8110.0310.0280.0190.1260.1120.0540.03488城市110.0480.8970.0280.0660.060.0690.120.020.02160城市10.0170.6080.0350.0480.0540.0790.1180.0390.0365城市20.1462.2550.0820.0290.0260.2190.0940.0830.037135城市30.0215960.0290.0530.0390.0490.0510.0180.01650城市40.0960.6870.0360.0330.0660.1040.1360.040.03878城市50.080.4110.0380.040.050.1110.1280.040.03381城市60.0162.7130.0230.0840.0690.0750.1040.0360.03163城市70.0771.0840.0460.0370.0590.1340.0490.0240.01692城市80.0060.2550.0250.0490.0360.0630.0350.0240.01457城市90.0471.5080.0230.0390.0480.0560.0560.0550.03575城市100.0190.5990.0210.0330.0210.1030.1110.0370.03477城市110.0310.8850.0290.0660.0590.0680.1150.0150.01970城市10.021.1380.0380.0390.0610.0340.0850.0190.01858城市20.060.8780.0310.0910.0530.0570.1010.0220.04154城市30.0180.5550.0280.0610.0530.0480.0490.0130.01648城市40.0310.6410.0330.0380.1320.0360.1040.0540.03791城市50.0150.4740.0330.0340.0390.0620.0940.0370.03556城市60.0142.7940.0250.0630.0750.0590.0950.0350.03655城市70.0481.340.0340.0720.0510.1230.0780.0290.01887城市80.040.8440.0210.0770.540.0890.0420.0210.01670城市90.0171.5690.0120.060.0510.0250.0510.0330.03748城市100.0210.7070.0140.0390.0330.0610.1020.0320.03856城市110.021.1380.0380.0390.0610.0340.0850.0190.01834城市10.070.8740.040.0760.0870.170.2720.0920.142122城市20.1231.9180.0830.0410.0950.1440.1410.0820.092110城市30.031.1160.0540.0650.1170.2590.260.0580.104155城市40.0430.9670.0410.0820.1040.3830.2630.1310.114248城市50.0670.8230.0580.0490.0530.1470.2210.1020.136135城市60.0252.3120.0440.0780.080.1170.1750.0620.09384城市70.0631.2080.0580.0930.1090.1480.0930.0330.049100城市80.0260.7410.0420.0990.1140.1510.0920.0680.034101城市90.0571.720.0230.0520.0680.0960.0690.10.089132城市100.0310.8060.040.0420.0470.1410.1530.080.101106城市110.0390.4380.0340.0880.1250.1630.1360.10.093132城市10.1381.5420.0670.0030.010.2920.2780.1780.153229城市20.0921.3750.0620.0410.0250.1830.1550.1210.097159城市30.1174.9190.0620.010.0120.2460.1930.1490.093199城市40.0410.8950.030.0340.0460.1380.2530.1120.113147城市50.0771.2180.0580.0090.0130.1860.2050.1130.128148城市60.0262.7690.0420.0340.0410.2040.1860.1250.098165城市70.0491.3290.0490.0430.080.2030.1640.0570.042127城市80.0191.0610.0590.0140.0340.1540.1320.0960.065127城市90.0531.8850.0180.0190.0310.1580.1170.1520.108202城市100.0341.0090.0330.0210.0220.190.1770.1380.116183城市110.0340.50.0230.0570.0570.1440.1640.1180.106154城市10.1681.9870.0680.0040.0060.3520.2810.1960.155247城市20.1131.5780.0660.0440.030.1790.1560.1220.098161城市30.1054.4090.0640.0190.0120.2790.1950.170.096221城市40.0410.9470.0310.0360.0440.1520.250.1110.112146城市50.0761.270.0550.0120.0120.2010.1990.1290.125171城市60.0242.9040.0390.0350.0380.2020.1880.1240.1164城市70.061.6420.0650.0280.0680.2030.170.0610.044127城市80.0311.0910.0670.0160.0320.1570.1350.1120.067147城市90.0731.9560.0170.0260.0290.1740.120.1460.11194城市100.0411.0780.0330.0220.0220.1970.1780.1440.118192城市110.0330.50.0220.0590.0570.1430.1650.10.105132城市10.1351.970.0770.0030.0050.3640.2780.230.162280城市20.1322.3570.0750.0320.020.1760.1520.1450.113193城市30.0974.2430.0780.0240.0080.3070.2210.2110.107262城市40.0920.5670.0190.0340.0520.150.190.1190.11156城市50.131.2110.0460.0080.0030.2460.2140.1220.111180城市60.0242.9040.0390.0350.0380.2020.1880.1240.1164城市70.0410.7480.040.0460.0510.150.1490.0680.067100城市80.0531.1170.0820.0130.040.1580.1320.1010.069134城市90.0491.5840.0240.0170.0250.1420.1070.1360.108180城市100.0361.1930.0240.0310.0270.210.1740.1520.123220城市110.0330.50.0220.0590.0570.1430.1650.10.105132附表二*地区11个观测点的8个整点时刻的空气质量指标SO2CONO2O3O3PM10PM10PM2.5PM2.5二氧化硫一氧化碳二氧化氮臭氧1小时平均臭氧8小时平均细颗粒物〔1小时平均值〕细颗粒物〔24小时平均值〕可吸入颗粒物(1小时平均值)可吸入颗粒物〔24小时平均值〕观测点10.1291.5330.0310.0050.0070.3050.3050.1860.158观测点20.0671.3830.0780.0690.0380.1940.1830.1360.107观测点30.0053.9680.020.0070.0070.2720.2060.1840.103观测点40.0340.7560.0670.0330.0430.1520.4850.1220.114观测点50.090.8110.0590.0170.0160.170.1810.130.128观测点60.0050.0060.0540.01110.0110.1620.1460.1370.088观测点70.0390.6920.0370.0420.0540.1490.1440.080.066观测点80.0311.0540.0650.0140.0430.1510.1310.0680.068观测点90.0431.5170.0240.0150.0270.1050.1050.1230.106观测点100.0241.1840.030.0260.0260.1950.1730.1450.121观测点110.0340.50.0230.0570.0570.1440.1640.1180.106观测点10.1351.970.0770.0030.0050.3640.2780.230.162观测点20.1322.3570.0750.0320.020.1760.1520.1450.113观测点30.0974.2430.0780.0240.0080.3070.2210.2110.107观测点40.0920.5670.0190.0340.0520.150.190.1190.11观测点50.131.2110.0460.0080.0030.2460.2140.1220.111观测点60.0242.9040.0390.0350.0380.2020.1880.1240.1观测点70.0410.7480.040.0460.0510.150.1490.0680.067观测点80.0531.1170.0820.0130.040.1580.1320.1010.069观测点90.0491.5840.0240.0170.0250.1420.1070.1360.108观测点100.0361.1930.0240.0310.0270.210.1740.1520.123观测点110.0330.50.0220.0590.0570.1430.1650.10.105观测点10.1742.3540.0750.0030.0020.5390.2850.2540.164观测点20.1341.5770.0820.0520.0380.1620.1340.1490.113观测点30.0044.8890.0230.0080.0070.3040.210.2130.112观测点40.1030.5740.0190.0540.0490.1570.1670.1240.109观测点50.1092.2350.0560.0190.010.1810.1940.130.128观测点60.0167.5020.0370.0270.030.1830.1720.1260.119观测点70.0480.7980.0350.0570.0520.220.1560.0880.07观测点80.0461.0620.0740.0360.0380.1880.1340.0860.07观测点90.0651.660.0260.0170.0230.1290.1070.1480.109观测点100.0641.1090.0310.0270.0260.1960.1760.1450.115观测点110.0440.50.0210.0710.0580.1530.1640.1090.105观测点10.1981.7770.03870.0040.0020.5270.21790.2450.161观测点20.0931.2720.0550.0690.0440.1950.1820.1140.104观测点30.0054.2910.0240.0080.0070.3370.2140.1950.115观测点40.1010.5530.020.0790.0510.1990.1860.1410.11观测点50.1673.1920.0720.0230.0110.180.190.170.128观测点60.027.6140.0390.0270.0290.1790.1720.1140.119观测点70.092.8030.0950.0120.0410.2580.1950.0570.052观测点80.0450.8550.0210.1030.0440.2210.1370.1010.072观测点90.0581.620.0230.0580.030.1720.1160.1440.124观测点101.620.0681.2120.0340.0290.026.206.1770.140.116观测点110.0230.0680.50.0240.0870.0620.190.1640.097观测点10.0130.7290.060.0280.0130.0540.0860.0440.042观测点20.0490.690.0370.0640.0750.1250.1010.0570.047观测点30.0230.9590.0370.0420.0560.0530.0540.0270.02观测点40.0280.8930.0590.0180.0210.0420.090.0330.04观测点50.0090.5140.0340.0310.0340.0390.070.0380.04观测点60.012.1490.0290.0510.0580.0490.0850.0380.043观测点70.0551.1150.0430.0540.0590.1030.0940.0280.022观测点80.0250.8040.0320.0690.0760.0780.0580.0370.023观测点90.0131.9360.020.0230.0430.0220.0420.0460.045观测点100.0090.750.0230.030.0330.0570.1060.0440.048观测点110.0121.2380.0360.0160.0230.0690.0710.0240.02观测点10.0150.8910.0650.0140.0390.050.0970.0480.034观测点20.0610.8630.0320.0930.0630.0610.1020.0210.042观测点30.0210.6580.030.060.0560.0490.0480.0150.017观测点40.0270.680.0380.0320.0330.0910.10.0560.038观测点50.0110.5010.0360.0340.0370.0460.090.0430.036观测点60.0153.1340.0250.0620.0750.0630.0940.0340.037观测点70.0561.270.0390.0690.0530.0950.0810.0280.019观测点80.0350.7940.0210.080.0620.10.0440.0270.017观测点90.0181.5720.0140.060.0520.0140.0490.0320.038观测点100.0170.7220.0170.0370.0350.0610.1020.0360.04观测点110.0281.2020.0420.0340.0570.0460.0830.0240.018观测点10.0150.8670.0710.0090.00320.0530.0960.0770.037观测点20.0680.7990.0310.0960.0750.0490.1010.0020.042观测点30.0250.8370.0310.0620.0590.0650.0490.020.017观测点40.0270.7530.0450.0210.030.0610.0960.0480.038观测点50.010.4970.0330.0330.0360.0440.0890.0410.037观测点60.0162.810.030.060.0630.0560.0930.0360.038观测点70.0591.1840.050.0590.0550.0930.0840.0240.02观测点80.030.7290.0210.080.0640.0930.0470.0270.018观测点90.0171.6360.0130.0590.0550.0260.0480.0340.039观测点100.0150.7190.020.0340.0360.0670.1030.0450.041观测点110.0181.170.040.0310.0520.0570.0810.0260.019观测点10.0151.0230.0730.0080.0230.0550.0930.0440.04观测点20.0841.35040.0540.0540.0820.0690.1030.0340.044观测点30.0231.0540.0350.0560.0590.0860.0520.0320.019观测点40.0241.0170.0670.0080.0270.040.0890.0440.04观测点50.0080.4590.0290.0380.0360.0350.0780.0420.038观测点60.0132.2950.0310.060.0610.0480.0910.0390.04观测点70.0441.0760.0520.0520.060.0870.0890.0240.02观测点80.0310.6870.0230.080.0750.0830.0520.0350.019观测点90.0141.7810.0180.040.0560.0270.0460.040.043观测点100.0130.7310.0260.0320.0350.0720.1060.0470.044观测点110.0091.2980.0490.0130.0390.0480.0780.0270.02附录二程序一：利用一维插值计算各污染物的AQI%计算so2的AQI的函数functionso2=f1(a)f=[0,150,500,650,800];t=[0,50,100,150,200];so2=interp1(f,t,a);%计算co的AQI的函数functionco=f2(a)f=[0,5,10,