河北省张家口市小乡中学高二英语上学期摸底试题含解析

河北省张家口市小乡中学高二英语上学期摸底试题含解析一、选择题34.Everythingwillbeallright.Wemustneverstoptakinga/an_____attitudetowardlife.A.

understandingB.

oppositeC.

relaxedD.

optimistic参考答案：D略2.Aftergraduation,hebecameadoctor,

hisfatherhadexpected.A.thatwaswhat

B.whichwaswhat

C.whowaswhat D.whichwas参考答案：B句意：毕业后，他成为了一个医生，这是他爸爸期望的。这里用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子，was后面是表语从句，表语从句中缺少宾语，用what连接，所以选B。【考点】定语从句和名词性从句【试题延伸】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that,which,whose,whom,as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where,why,when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。连接表语从句的连接词有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how,whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等。还有如because,asif,asthough等。解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。【举一反三】Thereason______hegaveforbeinglatewas_______heforgottosetthealarmclock.A.which;because

B.why;becauseC.which;that

D.that;becauseC考查定语从句和表语从句：第一空是定语从句，先行词是thereason，定语从句中gave缺少宾语，用that或which引导定语从句，第二空是表语从句：表示…的原因是…要用句型：(one)reason(for...)isthat...句意：她迟到的原因是她忘记设定闹钟了。选C。3.Peopleliketolivealifefullof________andthereare_______oflifestylesavailableforpeopletochoosefrominthemodernworld.

A.avariety;avariety

B.varieties;varieties

C.avariety;varieties

D.variety;varieties参考答案：D略4._______fromspace,theearth,withwater_______seventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen;covered

B.Seen;covering

C.Seeing;covered

D.Seeing;covering参考答案：B5.Idon’twanttodependtoomuchonmyparentsandI’mdeterminedto___________myselfquickly___________thenewlifehere.

A.adapt;for

B.adapt;to

C.focus;on

D.used;to参考答案：B略6.______bytheteacher,we______muchtotheclassroomdiscussion.A.Encouraging,joined

B.Encouraged,contributedC.Encouraged,added

D.Encouraging,devoted参考答案：B7.Whowouldyourather________thewatch?A.havetorepair

B.havefixed

C.getrepaired

D.gettorepair参考答案：D略8.Youhavetolistentodetailedfacts.________youhavetopreparethenextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonsays.A.However

B.Meanwhile

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise参考答案：B9.The

first

trials

of

Aspirin

took

place

in

1899,____the

company

Hoffmann

worked

for___distributingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.A.when;began

B.which;beginningC.when;beginning

D.which;began参考答案：A【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：阿司匹林的第一次试验发生在1899年，当时霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种粉末形式的药物分发给医生，供病人使用。此处1899是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，所以第一个空填when；根据in

1899，可知后面的非限制为性定语从句用一般过去时态，所以第二空填began。故选A。10.－What’sthetime?

－Oh,Iforgottohavemywatch________.

A.wind

B.wound

C.winded

D.winding参考答案：B略11.—Havewe____water?

—Yes,_____.We’dbettergetsome.A.runoutof;wehaverunitout

B.runoutof;ourwaterhasrunoutC.runoutof;ourwaterhasbeenrunout

D.runout;ourwaterhasrunout参考答案：B【详解】考查动词词组。句意：——我们的水不够用了吗？——是的，我们的水已经用完了。我们最好买一些。固定词组：runoutof（相当于及物动词）---，用完---，耗尽---；runout（相当于不及物动词）用完，耗尽。故选B。12.Artisinfluencedby_____customsandfaithof____peopleA.the;a

B.不填;a

C.the;不填

D.the;the参考答案：A13.In

the

19th

century

the

government

_____

land

to

settlers

willing

to

take

care

of

it.A.gave

B.separated

C.divided

D.distributed参考答案：D考查动词辨析。A.gave给予

B.separated隔开

C.divided分，划分

D.distributed分发。句意：十九世纪，政府把土地分给那些愿意种地的人。D符合语境，故选D。28.

WhenIfinishedthestory,Leejumpedupfromhisseatandstartedpacingthefloor,

________,deepinthought.A．withhisheadbending

B.

hisheadisbent

C.

hisheadbending

D.

hisheadbent参考答案：D略15.---Wouldyoudomeafavorandcarrythesebooks?---___.A.Yes,that’sright

B.Notrouble

C.Nevermind

D.Withpleasure参考答案：D16.Jackislateagain.Itis

________ofhimtokeepotherwaiting.A．superB．ridiculous

C．delicate

D．typical参考答案：D17.—IhavedecidedtospendmysummerholidaysinFrance．—________I'msureyou'llhaveagoodtime．A．Howareyou?

B．Letmesee．

C．Soundswonderful．

D．Welldone!参考答案：C二、新的题型18.Englishisalanguage___61___(bring)toBritaininthe5thcenturybyAnglo-SaxonsettlersfromvariouspartsofNorthwestGermany.ItisconvenienttodivideEnglishintothreeperiodsroughly─OldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglish.The___62___(early)formofEnglishiscalledOldEnglishorAnglo-Saxon.OldEnglishdevelopedfromasetofNorthSeaGermanicdialects___63___(origin)spokenalongthecoastsofFrisia,LowerSaxony,Jutland,andSouthernSwedenbyGermanictribesknown___64___theAngles,Saxons,andJutes.Later,OldEnglishwasstronglyinfluencedbytheNorthGermaniclanguageNorse,spokenbytheVikingswhosettledmainlyinthenorthwest.ThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoemBeowulf,writtenby___65___unknownpoet.OldEnglishisverydifferentfromModernEnglishanddifficultforthe21st-centuryEnglishspeakerstounderstand.Forthe300yearsfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066,theNormankingsandthenobilityspokeonlya___66___(vary)ofFrenchcalledAnglo-Norman.Englishcontinuedtobethelanguageofthecommonpeople.TheNormaninfluence___67___(strong)thecontinualevolutionofthelanguageoverthefollowingcenturies,resultingin___68___isnowreferredtoasMiddleEnglish.Andoneofthebest-knownworksfromtheMiddleEnglishperiodisGeoffreyChaucer’sTheCanterburyTales.Fromthelate15thcentury,thelanguagechangedintoEarlyModernEnglish,oftendatedfromtheGreatVowelShift.Englishiscontinuouslyabsorbingforeignwords,especiallyLatinandGreek,causingEnglishtohavethelargestvocabularyofanylanguageintheworld.Bythelate18thcentury,theBritishEmpirehadspedthespreadofEnglishthroughitscoloniesandgeopoliticaldominance.Commerce,scienceandtechnology,diplomacy,artandformaleducationallcontributedtoEnglish___69___(become)thefirsttrulygloballanguage.Astherearemanywordsfromdifferentlanguages,theriskofmispronunciationishigh.In1755,SamuelJohnsonpublishedhisADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,___70___introducedastandardsetofspellingconventionsandusagenorms.参考答案：61.brought

62.earliest

63.originally

64.as

65.an

66.variety

67.strengthened

68.what

69.becoming

70.which本文为记叙文。英语是五世纪由来自德国西北部各地区的盎格鲁-撒克逊移民带到英国的一种语言。英语大致可分为三个阶段——古英语、中英语和现代英语。本文叙述了英语的演变过程。【61题详解】考查非谓语作定语。句意：英语是五世纪由来自德国西北部各地区盎格鲁-撒克逊移民带到英国的一种语言。分析句子可知，本空在句中作language的后置定语。二者是被动关系，语言是被带到.，且动作已完成，故要用过去分词brought。【62题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的英语形式被称为古英语或盎格鲁撒克逊语。根据文章的内容可知，英语演变经历了三个阶段，三者及三者以上的比较要用最高级。因此这儿是指最古老的英语形式，要用最高级，故填earliest。【63题详解】考查副词。句意：古英语是由一套北海日耳曼方言发展而来的，这些方言最初是在弗里西亚沿海地区使用的。本空在句中修饰动词spoke，修饰动词要用副词，故填originally。【64题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：古英语由一套北海日耳曼方言发展而来，这些方言最初在弗里西亚、下萨克森、日德兰和瑞典南部沿岸，日耳曼部落称为盎格鲁、撒克逊人和朱特人。beknownas为固定搭配，意为“以闻名；称为”，故填as。【65题详解】考查冠词。句意：古英语时期最著名的作品是一位不知名的诗人写的史诗。句中的unknown为元音音素开头的，故要用an。【66题详解】考查名词。句意：诺曼国王和贵族只会说各种各样的法语，叫做盎格鲁诺曼。句中的a+名词+of,可知本空用名词.“avarietyof”为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。【67题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：诺曼人的影响加强了随后几个世纪语言的持续演变。分析句子可知，本空在句中作谓语。根据语境可知，此句叙述是以前的事，所以要用一般过去时。而且主语与谓语动词是主动关系，故用一般过去时的主动语态，故填strengthened。【68题详解】考查名词从句。句意：诺曼人的影响加强了语言在随后几个世纪的持续演变，导致了现在被称为所谓的中英语。分析句子可知，resultin的宾语从句中缺少了主语，缺少主语一般要用what，故填what。【69题详解】考查非谓语。句意：商务、科技、外交、艺术和正规教育都使英语成为第一种真正的全球语言。分析句子可知，become的逻辑主语是English，二者是主动关系，故填becoming。【70题详解】考查定语从句。句意：1755年，塞缪尔·约翰逊出版了他的《英语词典》，其中介绍了一套标准的拼写惯例和用法规范。分析句子In1755,SamuelJohnsonpublishedhisADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,_10__introducedastandardsetofspellingconventionsandusagenorms.是定语从句，其中先行词为ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,在定语从句中作主语，因此要用关系词which。故填which。三、阅读理解19.Foralongtimepeoplehavebelievedthathighself-esteem(自尊)isthekeytosuccess.However,newresearchshowsthatfocusingjustonbuildingself-esteemmaynotbehelpful.Insomecases,havinghighself-esteemcanbringbadresultsifitmakesyoulesslikeableormoreupsetwhenyoufailatsomething."Forgetaboutself-esteem,"saysoneofthepsychologistsinvolvedinthenewresearch."It'snotthemostimportantthing."Thisideamaysoundabitstrangetoyoubecausestudiesalsoshowthatpeoplewithhighself-esteemarelesslikelytobeanxious,shy,orlonelythanthosewithlowself-esteem.Inshort,tofeelgooddoesyougood.But,afterreviewingabout18,000studiesonself-esteem,RoyBaumeister,apsychologistatFloridaStateUniversity,hasfoundthatbuildingupyourself-esteemwillnotnecessarilymakeyouabetterperson.Hebelievesthatviolentandevilpeopleoftenhavethehighestself-esteemofall.Healsosaid,"There'snoevidencethatkidswithhighself-esteemdobetterinschool."Alltypesofpeoplehaveproblems."Peoplewithhighself-esteemcanhavebigegos(自我)thatcanmakethemlesslikeabletotheirpeers,"saidKathleenVohs,apsychologyprofessoratColumbiaUniversity."Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendto(趋向于)thinkmoreofthemselves,"Vohssays.Peoplewithlowself-esteemaremorelikelytorelyontheirfriendswhentheyneedhelp.Researcherssayitisbesttolistentoandsupportotherpeople.Findpositivewaystocontributetosociety.Ifyoufailatsomething,trytolearnfromtheexperience.Thebesttherapy(药方),astheysuggest,istorecognizeyourfaults,accept