Unit 1 Abilities 知识清单（预习+复习+知识点巩固练习）2021-2022学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

8AUnit1Friends知识点汇总ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.CanIhavesomethingtodrink?我能喝点东西吗?【重点】somethingtoeat吃的东西；【动词不定式作后置定语，修饰不定代词】somethingtodrink喝的东西【动词不定式作后置定语，修饰不定代词】2.CanIhavesomemorefood?我能再多叫些食物吗?【重点】数字+more+名词＝another+数字+名词Eg:threemoreapples=anotherthreeapples3.There’snothinginthefridge.冰箱里什么东西都没有。=Thereisn’tanythinginthefridge.4.awriting/singing/drawing/dancingcompetition一次写作/唱歌/绘画/舞蹈比赛【区分】match指体育类（球类）等比赛competition指文学/艺术类比赛Eg:holdadrawingcompetition举办绘画比赛 5.★Whatmakesyourfriendsospecial?什么使你的朋友这么特别？【what作句子主语】 what在此句中作主语,make+宾语+形容词作宾补6.careaboutyou关心你【区分】careforyou=lookafteryou=takecareofyou照顾你keepasecretforhim替他保密 【重点】keepasecretforsb./keepsecretsforsb为某人保守秘密8.tellhimeverythingaboutyourself告诉他有关你自己的一切9.makemehappy使我开心 【make+宾语+形容词作宾补】=makemefeelhappy【makesb.dosth.】10.shareone’sjoy分享某人的快乐 【回顾：sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物】11.bereadytohelp乐于帮助【重点】bereadytohelpothers乐于助人anhonestman一个诚实的人【反义词：dishonest不诚实的】★haveproblemswithsth.=haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困难Eg:IhavesomeproblemswithmyMaths.=Ihavesomeproblems(in)learningMaths.14.believewhathe/shesays相信他/她说的话【此句中what引导宾语从句】=believehis/herwords15.Whatmakesgoodfriends?什么样人品的人适合成为好朋友？【what作句子主语】16.telllies/tellalie(tosb.)（向某人)撒谎【重点】①lie作名词：谎言awhitelie善意的谎言②lie作动词：撒谎，躺下lietosb.对某人撒谎③lie→过去式lay（躺下）→过去式lied（撒谎）④lie→现在分词lying17.tellusfunnyjokes给我们讲风趣的笑话 【讲笑话、讲故事用tell】18.agreewithsb.同意某人的意见19.bepolitetosb.对某人有礼貌【反义词：impolite不礼貌的】二、Reading1.oneofmybestfriends我最好的朋友之一★“oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构做句子的主语时谓语动词用单数形式。eg:OneofthetallestboyscomesfromtheUK.2.begeneroustosb.对某人很大方 3.Sheiswillingtosharethingswithherfriends.她愿意和她的朋友一起分享东西。【重点】bewillingtodosth.=bereadytodosth.乐于做某事4.bereadytohelppeopleanytime愿意在任何时候帮助人们 5.helpmewithmyhomework=helpme(to)domyhomework【回顾：helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事】6.giveone’sseat（onthebus）tosomeoneinneed（在公共汽车上）把座位让给需要的人7.haveagoodvoice有个好嗓子【区分】①voice：指说话声、歌唱声、鸟叫声等嗓子发出来的声音。②noise：噪声、喧闹声，指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声，或任何令人讨厌的声音。③sound：声音、声响，其含义最广，指人能听到的任何声音，包括大的、小的、好听的、难听的、有意义的和无意义的声音。8.growup长大9.wearsmallroundglasses戴着圆圆的小眼镜 10.makehimlooksmart使他看起来很帅气【makesb.dosth.】11.★haveagoodsenseofhumour非常有幽默感 haveagoodsenseoftime很有时间观念haveagoodsenseofdirection很有方向感12.feelboredwithhim和他在一起感到无聊【bored修人；boring修物】13.Hislegsdonotfitwellunderhisdesk.他的腿不能很好地放在桌子底下。fit:(vi.)可容纳，装进14.walkpastourdesks经过我们的书桌15.knockthebooksontothefloor把书碰到地上 16.SheisshorterthanIam.=Sheisshorterthanme.她比我矮。17.havebigbrighteyes有明亮的大眼睛 18.havelongstraighthair有长的直发 19.★sayabadwordaboutanyone=saybadwordsaboutanyone说任何人的坏话20.atruefriend一个忠实的朋友 【重点:true(形)→truly(副)】21.Whensomethingworriesme,Icanalwaysgotoher.当有事让我烦恼的时候，我总是去找她。【重点】①sth.worrysb.某事使某人烦恼②sb.worryaboutsth.=sb.isworriedaboutsth.某人为某事担心22.choosesb.asmybestfriend选某人作为我的最好的朋友 =choosesb.tobemybestfriend【重点】choose动词：选择，过去式为chosechoice名词：选择三、Grammar形容词的比较级和最高级。1、我们用比较级来比较两个人或物，在比较级后面我们一般加上一个than.Sandy’shairislongerthanMillie’shair.Mybookismoreinterestingthanhis.我们用最高级来比较三个或更多的人或物，在最高级前面通常加一个the(如有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时不需要加the).Heisthetallestboyinmyclass.Thisisthemostexpensiveprinterintheshop.3.形容词比较级和最高级的构成（见教材P11）Adjective（形容词）Comparative（比较级）Superlative（最高级）①大多数短形容词(少于或等于两个音节）+er+esttallsmall→taller→smaller→(the)tallest→(the)smallest②以E结尾的短形容词+r+stnicefine→nicer→finer→(the)nicest→(the)finest③以辅音字母+y结尾的短形容词-y+ier-y+iestprettyeasy→prettier→easier→(the)prettiest→(the)easiest④以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的短形容词doubletheconsonant+er（双写辅音字母再+er）doubletheconsonant+est（双写辅音字母再+est）slimbigfathotsadthinred→slimmer→bigger→fatter→hotter→sadder→thinner→redder→(the)slimmest→(the)biggest→(the)fattest→(the)hottest→(the)saddest→(the)thinnest→(the)reddest⑤长形容词，一般超过2个音节+more/less+most/leastbeautifulinterestingimportant→more/lessbeautiful→more/lessinteresting→more/lessimportant→(the)most/leastbeautiful→(the)most/leastinteresting→(the)most/leastimportant⑥特殊的形容词替换这个词替换这个词good/wellbad/ill/badlyoldfarmuch/manylittle→better→worse→older/elder（年长的）→farther/further(更进一步）→more→less→(the)best→(the)worst→(the)oldest/eldest→(the)farthest/furthest→(the)most→(the)least【拓展】A.形容词比较级与最高级的基本用法与特殊用法举例：Hisbikeisnewerthanhers.(见到than必须用比较级)②Jimisthetallestinourclass.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围)③Jimisthetallestofall(thestudents).(见到ofall要用最高级)=Ofallthestudents,Jimisthetallest.④Jimisthetallestofthethree.(见到ofthethree要用最高级)⑤Whichisbigger,atigeroramonkey?(两者比用比较级)⑥Whichisthebiggest,atiger,adogoramonkey?（三者或三者以上比用最高级）⑦Thisrulerisshort,pleasegivemealongerone.★⑧I’dlikethebigger(one)ofthetwocakes.（见到ofthetwo时比较级前加the,表示特指）★⑨Themoremoneyyougiveme,thehappierIwillbe.=Ifyougivememoremoney,Iwillbehappier.Themore,thebetter.越多越好。（The+比较级…,the+比较级…）是一种倒装结构，意为：越......越......★⑩TomistwoyearsolderthanI.汤姆比我大两岁。TomistwiceasoldasI.汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。★⑾Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisbigger/larger/smallerthanyours.我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。（两个数量/目只能比较大小，不能比较多少）(价格price只能比较高低，不能比较贵或便宜)★(12)Chinaisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.(比较级+and+比较级表示越来越…)Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.★(13)TheYellowRiverisoneofthelongestriversinChina.（oneof+the形容词最高级+名词复数）TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.（注意序数词的用法）【拓展】B、比较级与最高级的互换1．Jimistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个别的男孩都高)=Jimistallerthantheotherboysinourclass.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)=Jimistallerthananyoftheotherboysinourclass.(吉姆比我们班男孩中的任何一个高)=Jimisthetallestboyinourclass.（吉姆是我们班最高的）2.Jimistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个别的男孩都高)Jimistallerthananygirlinourclass.（吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高）NanjingisbiggerthananyothercityinJiangsu.（南京比江苏的任何一个别的城市大）ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinJiangsu.（上海比江苏的任何一个城市大）3.Tomisn’tas/sotallasMike.=TomisshorterthanMike.=MikeistallerthanTom.=TomislesstallthanMike.4.Thisbookisn’tas/sointerestingasthatbook.【as...as....和.....一样】=Thisbookislessinterestingthanthatbook.【notas/so...as....不如....可与less...than互换】=Thatbookismoreinterestingthanthisbook.【拓展】C、比较级前常用的修饰语比较级前常用abit/alittle（一点），much/alot（非常）,even/far(更加),some,any,still，等词语表示程度。但是very,quite,so,really只能修饰原形，不能修饰比较级。例如：①SheisalittletallerthanI(me).②RoseismuchmorecarefulthanTom.【拓展】D、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项1.than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。2.形容词的最高级前必须有the,而副词的最高级前the可以省略。3.在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。①HisrulerislongerthanI.(错)Hisrulerislongerthanmine.(对)【拓展】E.以–ful/-less/-ed/-ing/-ous/-tive等后缀结尾的形容词，由形容词加ly构成的副词，无论是长还是短，一律比较级加more,最高级加themost。如：famous—morefamous—themostfamousactive--moreactive–themostactiveuseful-–moreuseful--themostusefulbored—morebored–themostboredboring---moreboring---themostboringcareless--morecareless---themostcarelessexcited—moreexcited–themostexcitedslowly—moreslowly--(the)mostslowly4.重点短语：1.Peteristheheaviestofthesixstudents.六个学生中，Peter最重。 2.Amongthesixstudents,Millieistheslowestswimmer.六个学生中，Millie是最慢的游泳选手。【区分】among：指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间；between：多指两者之间。Millie’sdrawingismorebeautifulthanPeter’s.Millie的绘画比Peter的漂亮。 4.haveanEnglishtest进行英语测试5.high(adj.高的)→height(n.高度）；heavy(adj.重的)→weigh(v.重）→weight(n.重量)；long(adj.长的)→length(n.长度)；wide(adj.宽的)→width(n.宽度)四、Integratedskills1. talkaboutourfutureplans谈论我们的未来计划2. meetdifferentpeople遇见不同的人3.listentopeoplecarefully仔细地听人们（意见） 4.helppeoplewiththeirproblems帮助人们解决他们的问题 5.travelaroundtheworld周游世界 6.IwouldliketobeasocialworkerwhenIgrowup.当我长在时我想成为一名社会工作者。7.makefriendswiththem与他们交朋友【注：friends要用复数】8.IwillbehappyifIcanmakeotherpeoplehappy.如果我能使别人开心，我就高兴。 9.amongalltheChineseartists=ofalltheChineseartists在所有中国艺术家中10.Hispicturesofhorsesarebeautifulworksofart他画的马是漂亮的艺术品。11.Iwanttobeasfamousasheis. 【as....as....和......一样，中间加形容词或副词原级】12.learnmoreaboutartsomeday总有一天了解更多有关艺术方面的东西13.theboyontheleft左边的那个男孩 14.---What’shelike?---Heiscleverandhumorous.---他人怎么样？---他又聪明又有幽默感。 15.WhoisthegirlnexttoPeter?Peter旁边的那个女孩是谁?16.She’sLucy.Sheisasmallgirlwithaponytail.她是个扎马尾辫的小女孩。 17.befamousfor因…而著名 befamousas作为…而著名 五、Studyskills（用词汇树帮助你记单词）1.howtorememberwords怎样记住单词2.ifnecessary如果必要的话六、Task1. Kateisbothmyneighbourandmybestfriend.Kate既是我的邻居又是我的好朋友。★【区分】①bothAandBA和B都....【连接两个主语时，谓语复数形式】BoththetwinsandJackarefromEngland.②notonlyAbutalsoB....不仅A，而且B....【连接两个主语时，谓语就近原则】NotonlythetwinsbutalsoJackisfromEngland.2.brightsmilingeyes明亮而笑眯眯的眼睛 3. have/wearasmileonone’sface面带微笑 4. Ithinkshewillmakeanexcellentteacher.我想她会成为一名杰出的老师。【此句中make意为：成为，可换成be/become】5.around/squareface一张圆(方)脸 书面表达根据表格提示，以“MyBestFriend”为题，写一篇短文。词数：90词左右。NameJackFace方形Eyes大、明亮的、微笑的Nose大Hair黑色、短发Generalappearance英俊、整洁、爱好体育和音乐Personality令人快乐的、舒适的Abilities努力的Hobbies打篮球Futureplans成为一名医生帮助需要的人们________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________知识点测试一、单项选择（共20小题;每小题1分，计20分）()1.Youlookthirsty.Wouldyoulike_______?A.somethingtoeat B.somethingtodrinkC.anythingtoeat D.anythingtodrink()2.Thisfilmis________interestingthanthatone.A.moreB.muchC.themostD.a()3．Theboyisreally_______honestboy．A．aB．anC．theD．／()4.Manystudentsarewilling_______hardtomaketheirdreamscometrue.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked()5.Thebearhasnothing________thesedays.It’sveryhungry.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.eating()6.----Idon'tfeelwelltoday.---_______youhaveacold.A.Maybe B.May C.Maybe D.Must()7.Ifyouhave_______,youshould_______yourfriends.A.happysomething;shareitto B.somethinghappy;shareittoC.somethinghappy;shareitwith D.happysomething;shareitwith()8．Thetextis_______easierand_______interestingthanthatone．A．more；muchB．much；moreC．more；moreD．much；much()9.MountHuangismorebeautifulthan__________inChina.A.anyothermountainB.anyothermountainsC.othermountainsD.anymountains()10Theshirtdoesn’t_______meatall.Itistoosmall.A.matchB.helpC.getD.fit()11.The_______ofChinaisverypopularandmanypeoplelikeit.A.Sound B.Music C.Voice D.Noise()12.Davidistallerthan_______inhisclass.A.anystudentB.thestudentsC.theotherstudentsD.astudent()13.Wedidn’tfind________inthepicture．A.unusualanythingB.nothingunusualC.anythingunusualD.unusualsomething()14Therearen’tenoughchairs.Wouldyouplease_______here?A.tobringanotherthreeB.bringmorethreeC.totakethreeotherD.bringthreemore()15.Myroommateisagirl__________roundeyesandlonghair.A.hasB.withC.hadD.ishaving()16.Heis________ofthethree．A.tallerB.thetallerboyC.thetallestboyD.thetallboy()17.Jurongisgetting________．A.beautifulerB.beautifulandbeautifulC.beautifulerandbeautifulerD.moreandmorebeautiful()18.Couldyoutellmewhat______yousohappy?A.letsB.getsC.makesD.keeps()19.Mum,I'mstillhungry.canIhave_____bowlsofrice?A.twoanotherB.moretwoC.twomoreD.anothersecond()20.一________?一Heisveryhelpfulandpolite．A．What’she1ikeB．WhatdoeshelikeC．HowisheD．Ishehelpful二、词汇（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1.Helikestellingfunnyjokes.Weneverfeel__________(无聊的)withhim.2.Youshouldbemore___________(耐心的)withthoselittlechildren.3.Amyis_____________(bad)atmathsinhisclass.Healwaysgetsverylowmarks.4.Lindais_______________(pretty)girlinherclass.5.Nobodytaughtyouhowtoswim.Ithinkyoutaught___________(you)todoit.6.LuXunwasoneofthe______________(famous)writersinChina.7.—Doyouknowthe__________(high)ofthebuilding?—Yes.It’sabout100metreshigh.8.Areyou____________(will)tosinganEnglishsongforus?9.LeiFengisalwaysready____________(help)othersduringhislife.10