Unit2Theuniversallanguage高二英语阅读提升（译林版2020选择性）

Unit2TheUniversalLanguageUnit2Theuniversallanguage必备知识核心词汇pose；transform；adaptation；defend；greet；distant；expectation；enthusiastic；prediction；depress；possess；tearapart；throwin；consistof；allofasudden；turnout；bewellreceived；streaminto；breakinto核心语法动词ing形式作主语和宾语语篇海报、电子邮件、简介等文体的写作和结构特征表达倒叙，以电子邮件形式选择得体的语言形式进行有效沟通关键能力通过分类理解和记忆词汇通过音乐陶冶性情，听英文歌曲提升学习兴趣通过图书馆、互联网收集与音乐相关的信息学科素养能向同伴口头介绍自己喜欢的歌手和乐队运用拟人的修辞手法描述听音乐的体验核心价值了解中外音乐领域的基本知识理解和欣赏优秀音乐作品发现并理解音乐作品中所包含的文化元素及其内涵引言解读Musicgivesinspiration,torise.释义：音乐给人灵感，给人奋起。启示：音乐是人类的通用语言，它可以给人们带来交流沟通的无障碍。中学生是祖国的未来，健全的身心是其全面发展的前提，民族振兴需要德智体美劳的综合提升。国际通用语言包含音乐及肢体语言的把握至关重要。名句积累1．Musicshouldmakethespiritofthehumansparkburst.音乐应当使人类的精神爆出火花。2．Musicisthesecondlanguageofmankind.音乐是人类的第二语言。3．Musicisthebestchargeronthetrip!音乐是旅途上最好的充电器!4．Musicisamirrorofthesoul,andismercilessmirror.音乐是心灵的镜子，而且是铁面无情的镜子。5．Attheendofthelanguageiswherethemusicesin.语言的尽头是音乐出现的地方。在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了世界各国的音乐文化。涉及的语篇类型多样，有海报、电子邮件、杂志文章以及简介等。本单元的学习，旨在帮助学生深刻认识音乐是一种无国界的语言，是文化的重要组成部分；欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化，增强文化意识。语篇品读Theearliestformsofmusicwereprobablydrumbased,percussioninstrumentsbeingthemostreadilyavailableatthetime.Thesesimplestofsimpleinstrumentsarethoughttohavebeenusedinreligiousceremoniesasrepresentationsofanimals.Therewasnonotationorwritingofthiskindof"music"anditssoundscanonlybeextrapolatedfromthemusicofAmericanIndiansandAfricannativeswhostilladheretosomeoftheancientreligiouspractices.Asforthemoreadvancedinstruments,theirevolutionwasslowandsteady.Itisknownthatby4000BCEtheEgyptianshadcreatedharpsandflutes,andby3500BCElyresanddoublereededclarinetshadbeendeveloped.InDenmark,by2500BCEanearlyformofthetrumpethadbeendeveloped.Thistrumpetiswhatisnowknownasa"naturaltrumpet."Itisvalveless,anddependspletelyonmanipulationofthelipstochangepitch.Oneofthemostpopularinstrumentstodaywascreatedin1500BCEbytheHittites.Iamtalkingabouttheguitar.Thiswasagreatstep;theuseoffretstochangethepitchofavibratingstringwouldleadtolaterinstrumentssuchastheviolinandharpsichord.In800BCEthefirstrecoveredpieceofrecordedmusicwasfound.Itwaswrittenincuneiformandwasareligioushymn.Itshouldbenotedthatcuneiformisnotatypeofmusicalnotation.By700BCEtherearerecordsofsongsthatincludevocalswithinstrumentals.Thisaddedawholenewdimensiontomusic:acpaniment.全文翻译最早的音乐形式可能是以鼓为基础的，打击乐器是当时最容易获得的。这些最简单的乐器被认为在宗教仪式中被用作动物的象征。这种“音乐”没有符号或文字，它的声音只能从美洲印第安人和非洲原住民的音乐中推断出来，他们仍然坚持一些古老的宗教习俗。至于更先进的仪器，它们的发展缓慢而稳定。众所周知，到公元前4000年，埃及人已经创造出了竖琴和长笛，到了公元前3500年，七弦琴和双簧单簧管已经发展起来。在丹麦，到公元前2500年，喇叭的早期形式已经发展起来。这种小号现在被称为“天然小号”。它是无瓣的，完全依靠操纵嘴唇来改变音高。今天最流行的乐器之一是赫梯人在公元前1500年创造的。我说的是吉他。这是一个伟大的步骤；使用音品来改变振动弦的音高将导致后来的乐器，如小提琴和大键琴。公元前800年，人们发现了第一首复原的录音音乐。它是用楔形文字写成的，是一首宗教赞美诗。需要注意的是，楔形文字不是一种音乐符号。到公元前700年，已经有了包括人声和乐器的歌曲记录。这为音乐增加了一个全新的维度：伴奏。词块积累1.percussionn.打击乐器2.religiousadj.宗教的3.representationn.代表，陈述4.extrapolatev.外推，推断5.clarinetn.单簧管6.trumpetn.喇叭，小号7.valvelessadj.无阀的8.vibratev.(使)振动语篇品读China’sstrength,confidenceandhospitalityonfulldisplayat19thAsianGamess://globaltimes/（高考题源报刊）InHangzhou,Chinahas,onceagain,dazzleddomesticandinternationalaudiencesnotonlywithitsfuturisticopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames,itsathletes'spiritofstrivingforexcellenceandChinesepeople'ssolidarityinprovidingasportsfeastforthewholeAsiaandtheworld.ThecountryalsosucceededinusingthefirstmajorsportseventtobehostedonitssoilafterCOVID19restrictionstoshowcaseitsusualopenness,inclusivenessandhospitality.Aglamorousceremony,aswellasthewellorchestratedarrangementfortheGamesalsodemonstratedChina'sstrongculturalconfidence,growingnationalstrengthandtopnotchinnovativecapacity,defyingcohortsofChinasmearingfromWesternmedia,saidexperts.OnthefirstdayoftheAsianGames,Chinagrabbed13goldmedals,outof31onoffer,fromrowing,shooting,modernpentathlon,wushu,andothers.TeamChinabaggedthefirstgoldmedalofthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouinthewomen'slightweightdoublescullsatFuyangWaterSportsCentreonSundaymorning,inlessthan10minutesafterthestartofthefirstmatchday.Sincethe2002AsianGamesheldinBusan,SouthKorea,theChinesedelegationhasclaimedthefirstgoldmedalforsixconsecutiveAsianGamesforover20years.RajaRandhirSingh,actingpresidentoftheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA),toldtheGlobalTimesduringanewsconferenceonSundaythatheisextremelyimpressedbytheHangzhouAsianGames,especiallywiththeopeningceremony,thecoordinationbetweentheOCAandtheGamesorganizersandtheavailabletechnologylikethecontactlessIDcards.WhendiscussingSaturdaynight'sopeningceremony,Singhusedthewords"absolutelyphenomenal.""WhatIwouldliketomentionparticularlyissomethingthatisverynewthistime,"hesaid."Normally,youwouldhavetowalkaroundwithyourparticipantcardandscanandwaitforit.ButnotinHangzhou."WithHangzhou'scontactlessparticipantIDcard,allparticipantscanjustwalkthroughanyentrancewithithangingaroundtheneck,hesaid.全文翻译中国的实力、信心和热情好客在第19届亚运会上充分展现在杭州，中国再次让国内外观众眼花缭乱，不仅是第19届亚运会未来主义的开幕式，中国运动员追求卓越的精神，以及中国人民团结一致为整个亚洲和世界提供体育盛宴的精神。该国还成功地利用新冠肺炎限制措施后在其领土上举办的第一场大型体育赛事来展示其一贯的开放性、包容性和热情好客。专家们表示，一场魅力四射的仪式，以及精心安排的奥运会，也展示了中国强大的文化自信、不断增长的国力和一流的创新能力，无视西方媒体对中国的诽谤。在亚运会的第一天，中国共获得了赛艇、射击、现代五项、武术等31枚金牌中的13枚。周日上午，在第一个比赛日开始后不到10分钟的时间里，中国队在富阳水上运动中心举行的女子轻量级双人双桨比赛中夺得了杭州第19届亚运会的首枚金牌。自2002年在韩国釜山举行的亚运会以来，中国代表团已经连续六届夺得首枚金牌，这是20多年来的第一次。亚洲奥林匹克理事会代理主席RajaRandhirSingh在周日的新闻发布会上告诉《环球时报》，他对杭州亚运会印象深刻，尤其是开幕式、亚奥理事会与奥运会组织者之间的协调以及非接触式身份证等可用技术。在讨论周六晚上的开幕式时，辛格使用了“绝对非凡”的字眼。他说：“我想特别提到的是，这一次非常新鲜的事情。”。“通常情况下，你必须拿着参与者卡四处走动，扫描并等待。但在杭州不行。”他说，有了杭州的非接触式参与者身份证，所有参与者都可以脖子上挂着身份证穿过任何入口。句式仿写1.为了取暖，这个水手坐在火堆旁，一只光脚摩擦另一只。Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainsttheother.2.好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。Favorablepoliciesareineffecttoencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.

3.这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupininfluencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.Passage1主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会语言介绍几个著名的音乐节★★★Amusicfestivalisamunityeventmainlyaboutliveperformancesofsingingandinstrumentplayingthatisoftenpresentedwithamainidea.Onthelistarethemusicfestivalsforfansaroundtheworld.Findyourfavouritenow!FieldDayJanuary1,2018,SydneyFieldDaymeansNewYear’sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.Seenasthecity’soriginal(独特的)outdoorparty,it’sagatheringoffriendsingtogetherforagreatfunfilledfirstdayoftheyear.There’sanairofhopeandactiveenergyonaperfectsummer’sday.EnvisionFestivalFebruary2126,2018,UvitaTheEnvisionFestivalisanannualeventinCostaRicathatwantstoprovideachancefordifferentculturestoworkwithoneanothertocreateabettermunity.Thefestivalencouragespeopletopractiseart,musicanddanceperformances.Atthesametime,ourconnection(联系)withnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.McDowellMountainMusicFestivalMarch24,2018,PhoenixTheMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalisPhoenix’smusicalcelebrationofmunityculture.Sinceitsfoundingin2004,itistheonly100%nonprofit(非营利的)musicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethemunity.Thefestivalattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyearfromaroundthecountry,anditisanopportunitytoexperiencetrueculture.OldSettler’sMusicFestivalApril1922,2018,TilmonTheOldSettler’sMusicFestivalisanationallyknownmusicfestivalforAmericanmusic.ThefestivalisheldinTilmon,Texasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.TheOldSettler’sMusicFestivaloffersgreatmusicandactivitiesforthewholefamily.1．WhichcityshouldyougotoifyouintendtoparticipateinamusicfestivalinJanuary?A．Sydney.B．Uvita.C．Phoenix.D．Tilmon.2．WhatisspecialabouttheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival?A．Itencouragespeopletoreceiveeducation.B．Itisnotheldtomakemoney.C．Itprovidesachanceforfriendstomeeteachother.D．Itfocusesonculturespread.3．Whichfestivalsareconnectedwithnature?A．FieldDayandEnvisionFestival.B．EnvisionFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalC．OldSettler’sMusicFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.D．EnvisionFestivalandOldSettler’sMusicFestival.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界著名的几个音乐节。1．细节理解题。根据FieldDay部分中的“January1,2018,Sydney(2018年1月1日，悉尼)”可知，FieldDay在一月份举行，地点是悉尼，所以如果你打算参加一月份的音乐节，你应该去悉尼。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据McDowellMountainMusicFestival部分中的“Sinceitsfoundingin2004,itistheonly100%nonprofit(非营利的)musicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethemunity.(自2004年成立以来，它是唯一100%非盈利的音乐节，旨在支持，娱乐和教育社区)”可知，McDowellMountainMusicFestival的特殊之处在于它是非盈利的音乐节，即它不是用来赚钱的。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据EnvisionFestival部分中的“Atthesametime,ourconnection(联系)withnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.(与此同时，我们与自然的联系也将得到加强)”和OldSettler’sMusicFestival部分中的“ThefestivalisheldinTilmon,Texasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.(这个节日是在野花盛开的季节，在德克萨斯州的蒂尔蒙举行的)”可知，EnvisionFestival和OldSettler’sMusicFestival都与自然有关。故选D。Passage2主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会语言与交际语言和音乐的关系★★★★Howsimilararelanguageandmusic?Languageispartofourdailylives,nomatterwhereweliveintheworld.4Bothlanguageandmusicplayahugeroleinourcultureandherearesomeoftheirsimilarities.Bothlanguageandmusichaveawritingsystem.InEnglishwerecordlanguageusingthealphabet,whichisacollectionofletters.Similarly,weusenotes(音符)tokeeparecordofmusic.Musiciansreadnotesandcreatemeaningintheformofmusic.5Bywritingpiecesoftextormusic,weareabletoshareexperiencesthroughtime.Wecanreadtheideasorheartheposition(作品)ofsomeonewholivedhundredsofyearsago.6Youcanmakeagoodguessatwheresomeoneisfrombylisteningtothelanguageheuses.Inthesameway,weknowthatstylesofmusicaredifferentaroundtheworld,givingustheopportunitytoexploremanydifferentculturesthroughtheirmusicandprovidinguswithmusicforeverysituation.Bothshareemotion.7Ofcourseyoumaybeabletoseeitinmyface,butyouwillknowforsurethroughmywords.Similarly,musiccansoundangry,sadorhappy.Musiccanshowyouexactlyhowtheposerwasorisfeeling,andallowsustosharethatemotion.Whenyoufeelhappy,youmightwanttosinganddancetoahappysongtocelebrateyourhappiness.8Ithinkwehaveallusedmusictoexpressorprocessouremotions,oftenbiningitwithlanguageintheformofsonglyrics(歌词).A．Bothareexpressive.B．Bothvarywithculture.C．HowdoyouknowthatIamangry?D．Weuselanguagetoexpressourthoughts.E．Similarly,musicispartofmanypeople’slives.F．SojustasyoureadEnglish,youcanreadmusic.G．Incontrast,youprobablyalsolistentosadmusicwhenyouarefeelingdown.【答案】4．E5．F6．B7．C8．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色，两者有着多个相似之处；有书写系统，依附于各自的文化、能分享情感。4．根据上文“Languageispartofourdailylives,nomatterwhereweliveintheworld.(无论我们生活在世界的哪个角落，语言都是我们日常生活的一部分。)”和下文“Bothlanguageandmusicplayahugeroleinourcultureandherearesomeoftheirsimilarities.(语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色，以下是它们的一些相似之处。)”可知，上文指出语言是我们日常生活的一部分，后文说语言和音乐在文化中都扮演着重要的作用。由此可知，音乐和语言一样——是日常生活的一部分。E项“Similarly,musicispartofmanypeople’slives.(同样，音乐也是许多人生活的一部分)”符合题意，承接上下文。故选E项。5．根据上文“InEnglishwerecordlanguageusingthealphabet,whichisacollectionofletters.Musiciansreadnotesandcreatemeaningintheformofmusic.(在英语中，我们用字母表记录语言，字母表是字母的集合。音乐家们阅读音符，并以音乐的形式创造意义)”可知，英语是一种以字母记录的语言，音乐是音符组成的篇章，也有可读性。F项“SojustasyoureadEnglish,youcanreadmusic.(所以就像你读英语一样，你也可以读音乐)”，音乐也可以像英语一样进行阅读，上下文衔接连贯。故选F项。6．空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Youcanmakeagoodguessatwheresomeoneisfrombylisteningtothelanguageheuses.Inthesameway,weknowthatstylesofmusicaredifferentaroundtheworld,givingustheopportunitytoexploremanydifferentculturesthroughtheirmusicandprovidinguswithmusicforeverysituation.(你可以通过听一个人使用的语言来猜测他来自哪里。同样，我们知道世界各地的音乐风格是不同的，这让我们有机会通过他们的音乐来探索许多不同的文化，并为我们提供适合各种情况的音乐。)”可知，音乐和语言一样都承载了很多不同的文化。B项“Bothvarywithculture.(两者都带着各种各样的文化)”，both指代下文的language和music，可以作为小标题。故选B项。7．根据小标题“Bothshareemotion.(双方共享情感)”可知，本段和情绪有关。C项“HowdoyouknowthatIamangry?(你怎么知道我生气了？)”符合题意，且与下文“Ofcourseyoumaybeabletoseeitinmyface,butyouwillknowforsurethroughmywords.(你当然可以从我的脸上看出来，但你也一定会通过我的话知道。)”承接C项，是对选项问题的回答。故选C项。8．根据上文“Whenyoufeelhappy,youmightwanttosinganddancetoahappysongtocelebrateyourhappiness.(当你感到快乐的时候，你可能想跟着快乐的歌曲唱歌跳舞来庆祝你的快乐)”可知，快乐的时候，想听令人快乐的歌曲。由此推知，下文陈述，当不快乐的时候，可能想听悲伤的音乐。G项“Incontrast,youprobablyalsolistentosadmusicwhenyouarefeelingdown.(相反，当你情绪低落时，你可能也会听悲伤的音乐。)”，与上文形成对比。故选G项。Passage3主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会传统文化中国传统乐器三弦及三弦演奏家赵太生★★★★ZhaoTaisheng,theprincipalsanxianplayerintheHongKongChineseOrchestra(HKCO),hasamission9(keep)thetraditionalinstrument,sanxian,aliveand10(devote)hiscareertoperfectinghisskillontheinstrumentandpreservingthisancientartsincehegraduatedfromcollege.MusicianZhaoTaishengcallshisfavoredinstrument—thesanxian,orthreestringedlute—avoiceforhisemotions,avehicleforcharmandhonor,11atickettoaneventfullife.Heregardsthesanxian12animportantpartofChinesefolkmusictradition.Heexplainsthat,intheearlydecadesofthe2Othcentury,thenumberofstudentsofthesanxian

13(be)similartothatofthosestudyingothertraditionalChinesestringinstrumentssuchasthepipaorguzheng.However,theinstrumentbegantolose14(popular)withtheadoptionofWesternorchestrastyles,whichpreferredsofterharmonies.Infact,thesanxianhas15attractiveappearance:ltisusuallyaround120centimeterslong,andhasthreestringsstretchedoverafingerboard,16allowsforextensiveglissando,ortheglidefromonepitchtoanother.Likemostfolktraditions,itisdifficulttotracetheoriginsofthesanxian.Bysome17(account),itmaydatebacktotheQinDynasty(221207BC).ImagesofsimilarinstrumentscanbefoundinaSouthernSongDynasty(11271279)sculpture,andthecharacters18(literal)mean“threestrings”,firstappearedinaMingDynasty(13681644)text.【答案】9．tokeep10．hasdevoted/hasbeendevoting11．and12．as13．was14．popularity15．an16．which17．accounts18．literally【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的传统乐器——三弦和三弦演奏家——赵太生。9．考查不定式。句意：赵太生是香港中乐团的首席三弦演奏家，他肩负着传承传统乐器三弦的使命，自大学毕业以来，他一直致力于完善自己的演奏技巧，保护这门古老的艺术。根据句意和空格前的名词mission以及所给动词keep分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式tokeep作定语，修饰前面的名词mission。故填tokeep。10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：赵太生是香港中乐团的首席三弦演奏家，他肩负着传承传统乐器三弦的使命，自大学毕业以来，他一直致力于完善自己的演奏技巧，保护这门古老的艺术。根据句意和句子的时间状语sincehegraduatedfromcollege可知，空格处的谓语动词应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；再由主语ZhaoTaisheng可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填hasdevoted或hasbeendevoting。11．考查连词。句意：音乐家赵太生把他最喜欢的乐器——三弦琴——称为他情感的声音，魅力和荣誉的载体，以及通往多事人生的门票。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的atickettoaneventfullife和上文的avoiceforhisemotions以及avehicleforcharmandhonor是并列关系，所以空格处应该填入并列连词and。故填and。12．考查介词。句意：他认为三弦是中国民间音乐传统的重要组成部分。根据句意和句中的动词regard可知，空格处应该填入介词as和动词regard搭配：regardas（把……视为）。故填as。13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他解释说，在20世纪最初的几十年里，学习三弦的学生数量与学习琵琶或古筝等其他中国传统弦乐器的学生数量相似。根据时间状语intheearlydecadesofthe2Othcentury可知，句子应该用一般过去时；再由主语thenumber可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填was。14．考查名词。句意：然而，随着西方管弦乐队风格的采用，这种乐器开始失去人气，西方管弦乐队更喜欢柔和的和声。根据句意和所给形容词popular以及空格前的动词lose可知，空格处应该填入popular的名词形式popularity作动词lose的宾语。故填popularity。15．考查冠词。句意：事实上，三弦琴的外形很吸引人：它通常长约120厘米，在指板上有三根弦，可以进行广泛的滑音，或者从一个音高滑到另一个音高。根据句意和空格前的单数可数名词appearance可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词表示数量，因为空格后的attractive发音是元音音素开头，所以应该用冠词an。故填an。16．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，三弦琴的外形很吸引人：它通常长约120厘米，在指板上有三根弦，可以进行广泛的滑音，或者从一个音高滑到另一个音高。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对空格前的句子进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替前面的句子在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。17．考查可数名词单复数。句意：根据一些说法，它可以追溯到秦朝(公元前221207年)。根据句意和空格前的some以及所给可数名词account可知，空格处应该填入account的复数形式accounts。故填accounts。18．考查副词。句意：类似乐器的图像可以在南宋（11271279）的雕塑中找到，这些字符的字面意思是“三弦”，首次出现在明代（13681644）的文本中。根据句意和所给形容词literal可知，空格处应该填入literal的副词形式literally作状语，修饰后面的动词mean。故填literally。I.教材语篇梳理fortfoodWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?ExpositionWhoistheauthor?SeniorhighschoolstudentsMainideaofeachparagraphAlice'semailParagraph1:IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLoverslastnight.Paragraph2:ThestoryandmusicofButterflyLoversworkwelltogether.Paragraph3:ButterflyLoversillustrateshowwonderfullyChineseandWestern.Harry'semailParagraph1:Myhostfamilyintroducesmetocountrymusic.Paragraph2:Countrymusichasalonghistory.Paragraph3:CountrymusicsuggestsapeacefulandsimplelifeinruralAmerica.Paragraph4:Youshouldlistentosomecountrymusic.MainideaofthetextThetextisaboutthetwofamousmusicbetweenChinaandwesterncountry.II.课文语法填空Twoexchangestudentsarediscoveringnewmusicintheirhostcountries.Aliceintroducesabeautifulviolinconcerto1.(pose)byHeZhanhaoandChenGang.ItstitleisButterflyLovers,2.canbecalledaChineseversionofRomeoandJuliet.ItbinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements：it3.(play)onWesterninstruments,butmuchofthemusichasits4.(root)inChineseYueOpera.Theunique5.(bine)makesAlicerealizethatmusicisauniversallanguage.Fromthehostfamily，HarryYulearnsalotaboutcountrymusic.It6.(bee)popularinthe7.(south)partofAmericainthe1940sandthenquicklyspread8.thenation.Mostofthesongsareabouthardshipandheartbreak.Peoplecanfeelanemotionalconnectionbetweenthemselves9.themusicians，andthesimpletunesofthemusicareoftenvery10.(suggest)ofcountrysidesurroundings.1.posed2.which3.isplayed4.roots5.bination6.became7.southern8.across9.and10.suggestive阅读微技能1.Infertheunknown推断未知Basedontheknownandinferringtheunknown,thecorrectchoicewilldefinitelyfindabasisorreasonintheoriginaltext2.Avoidsubjectiveassumptions不要主观臆断Avoidsubjectiveassumptionsandreplacetheauthor'sviewpointwithone'sownideas;Avoidexcessiveinference,avoidartificiallyplicatingtheproblem,andmakemultistepinference.Passage1主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会语言与饮食饮食的改变产生新的语音★★★★★（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.1．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution. C．Itsquantity. D．Itsdevelopment.2．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.3．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.4．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivemunication. B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisaplexanddynamicsystem. D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.(30多年前，学者CharlesHockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBlasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知，DamianBlasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因，可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的，他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样，这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音，也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.(研究小组成员StevenMoran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。Passage2主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会艺术音乐对身体的好处★★★阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·北京卷阅读理解七选五）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．5Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．6However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．7Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．8Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．9Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A．Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B．Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C．Thisideaisalittleoffthewallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D．Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E．Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive．F．Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G．Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【答案】5．F6．B7．D8．G9．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。5．空格后说“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照应了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。6．空格后说“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。7．空格前说“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。8．空格前说“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。9．空格后说“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。Passage3主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会生活与学习克服恐惧单簧管演奏★★★★★(2022天津卷)WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(单簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone10.Butasmoststud