非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词用法在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。以动词do为例

1）不定式时态\语态主动被动

一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

2）动名词时态\语态主动被动

3）分词时态\语态主动被动

一般式doing表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作beingdone表示正在进行的被动的动作

完成式havingdone表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作havingbeendone表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作

4）过去分词done（没有时态和语态的变化）否定形式：not+不定式，not+动名词，not+分词注意：不及物动词无被动形式找出句子中的非谓语动词1.To

make

the

cake,we

need

some

eggs.2.The

old

man

walked

slowly,carrying

a

heavy

bag.

3.Having

finished

the

work,he

left

the

office.4.Dressed

in

red,she

looks

beautiful.

5.The

book

translated

into

5

languagessells

well.考点一非谓语动词作状语不定式表示目的，直接用不定式或soasto/inorderto。①Hewenthometoseehismother.②Weeat(inorder)tolive，butwedon’tlive(inorder)toeat.表示结果，更常见于so...asto，such...asto，enoughto，too...to结构中，only接不定式常表示出乎意料的结果，有逗号与主句分开。①Hefeelswellenoughtostandup.②Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.③Thefiremenwenttherequickly，onlytofindthehouseshadbeenburneddown.表示原因，用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词后面。①I’msorrytohearthat.②Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.现在分词表示时间。如果两个动作同时发生，可用when/while加现在分词。①Hearingthenews，theyalljumpedwithjoy.②Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.表示原因。通常放在句首。①Seeingnobodyathome，shedecidedtoleaveamessage.②BeingaLeaguemember，heisalwayshelpingothers.表示结果。通常放在句末。①Hefiredhisgun，killingthewolf.②Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay.表示行为方式或伴随情况。①Theysatfacingeachother.②Allnightlonghelayawake，thinkingoftheproblem.③Hesatinthearmchair，readinganewspaper.过去分词表示时间①Seenfromthehill，thecitylooksmorebeautiful.②When(itis)completed，thepowerstationwillbethelargestoneinourcountry.表示原因①Borninapoorfamily，hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.②Doneinahurry，hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.表示条件①Givenbetterattention，thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.②Comparedwithyou，westillhavealongwaytogo.表示行为方式或伴随情况①Thegirlsattherealone，lostinthought.②Thehunterlefthishouse，followedbyhisdog.[点津]1．现在分词的形式：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加_____构成。一般式_________；被动式__________；完成式_________；完成被动式__________。Theoldman，havingworkedabroadfortwentyyears，camebacktohismotherland.Havingbeenscoldedmanytimes，hedeterminedtostudyhardtocatchupwithothers.2．常见的需用固定的现在分词的结构：generallyspeaking，takingeverythingintoconsideration，judgingfrom/by等，无论和句子的主语之间构成什么关系只能用其ing形式。Takingeverythingintoconsideration，theresultisbetterthanexpected.Judgingfromwhathesaid，hemustbeanhonestman.3．过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。不同的是：过去分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语即句子的主语之间构成________关系，而现在分词构成_______关系。4．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)，dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(感到厌倦)等，在句中常作表语、宾补和状语。不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。Lostinthemountainsforaweek，wewerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.Absorbedinhisbook，hedidnotnoticemeentertheroom.(2013·高考江苏卷)LionelMessi,________therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear，isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A．set B．settingC．toset D．havingset(2013·高考安徽卷)________intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A．Tofound B．FoundingC．Founded D．Havingfounded(2012·高考四川卷)Tomtookataxitotheairport，only________hisplanehighupinthesky.A．finding B．tofindC．beingfound D．tohavefound(2014·北京北信附中高三入学考试)Birdssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds________away.A．tostay B．stayingC．stayed D．stay(2014·绵阳三诊)________inherfavoriteskirt，sheseemedtobemoreconfident.“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。不定式通常表示尚未发生。Withalotofworktodo，hedidn’tgotothecinema.现在分词表示主动/进行。Withaboyleadingtheway，theystartedtowardsthevillage.过去分词表示被动/完成。Themurdererwastakenin，withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(2013·高考北京卷)Whenwesawtheroad_______withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A．block B．toblockC．blocking D．blocked(2014·嘉兴二测)—Didyouwitnessthetrafficaccidentroundthecorner?—Itwasreallyscaring.Manypeoplewerepassingwiththeireyeshalf________．A．covered B．coveringC．beingcovered D．tobecovered(2013·山西太原二模)Manyfarmersinthecountrysidehavegonetocitiestolookforworkandlefttheirchildrenbehind________bytheirgrandparents.A．raised B．raisingC．beingraised D．toberaised考点四非谓语动词作主语和宾语作主语不定式表示具体、特指的动作时，用不定式更多见。①Toseeistobelieve.②Itonlytookusayeartocompletetheproject.③ItwasnotrightforthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.温馨提醒：当作主语的不定式短语较长时，常用形式主语it来代替不定式置于句首。动词ing形式表示抽象、泛指的动作时，用动词ing形式更多见。①TeachingEnglishatmiddleschoolismyfulltimejob.

②InsomeArabiancountries，shakingone’sheadfromsidetosidemeansagreement.③Knowingsomeotherlanguagesisagreathelptous.

温馨提醒：Itisnouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth.句型中应用动词ing形式作主语。①It’snousetalkinglikethis.②It’sawasteoftimearguingwithhim.作宾语部分动词(短语)后面只能接不定式作宾语。常见的有：agree/ask/choose/dare/decide/demand/desire/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/want/wish等。①Heagreedtolendmehisbike.②Herefusedtosaysorrytome.③Shewantedtogohomeearlierthatday.部分动词(短语)后面只能接动词ing形式作宾语。常见的有：avoid/appreciate/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/suggest/keep(on)/feellike/devoteoneselfto/giveup/be(get)usedto/beworth/insiston/lookforwardto/prefer...to...等。①Headmittedtakingmymoney.②Iimaginedbecomingawriterinmychildhood.③Heisusedtowalkingtohisofficeeveryday.部分动词后接不定式和动词ing形式均可，意义区别不大。常见的有：begin/start/continue/hate/like/love/prefer等。①Theybeganthrowing/tothrowfurnitureoutofthewindow.②Doyoulikeplaying/toplaychess？部分动词(短语)后接不定式和动词ing形式时，含义不同，应注意区分。remembertodosth.记住要做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾、抱歉(未做)regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已做)trytodosth.试图努力地做某事(但不一定成功)trydoingsth.试着做某事(只是试试，不付出很大努力)meantodosth.打算、想要做某事meandoingsth.意思是、意味着stoptodosth.停下(别的事情)来去做某事(不定式为目的状语)stopdoingsth.停止做某事goontodosth/goondoing①I’llremembertopostyourletter.②Idon’tremembersayingthistohimbefore.③Iforgottotellhimtocome.④I’llneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime.⑤Iregrettosaythatthejobhasbeenfilled.⑥Hebitterlyregrettedeverhavingmentionedit.⑦Youmusttrytoimproveyourteachingmethod.⑧Ifnooneanswers，tryknockingatthebackdoor.⑨Imeanttosendyouapostcard，butIdidn’thaveyouraddress.⑩Thesesymbolsmeannothingtome.⑪Let’sstoptobuysomethingtoeathere.⑫Let’sstopworkingandhavearest.⑬Afterreadingthetext，hewentontowritethenewwords.⑭Hewentontellingusthestoryafterashortrest.⑮Iwanttojointhearmy.⑯Theroadwantsrebuilding.⑰Ican’thelptocarrytheboxbecausemyarmhurts.(2013·高考福建卷)________basicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A．Known B．HavingknownC．Knowing D．Beingknown(2014·北京十一学校高三月考)Thetimeandefforthehasdevotedduringthepastfewyears________treesinthatremoteareaisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.A．toplanting B．toplantC．plant D．planting(2014·南京第五十五中学高三月考)Thesoldiernarrowlyescaped________inthefiercebattle.A．havekilled B．killingC．tobekilled D．beingkilled(2013·陕西五校二模)________theopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.A．Beingoffered B．ToofferC．Havingoffered D．Offered考点五独立结构表现形式意义典句示例独立主格结构名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动和完成①Thegirlstaringathim，hedidn’tknowwhattosay.②Homeworkfinished，theboywentouttoplay.不定式表将来，计划安排要做的事Hismothertocometonight，heisbusypreparingthedinner.形容词/副词表明名词或代词所处的状态①Hestoodthere，hismouthwideopen.

②Schoolover，weallwenthome.介词短语表位置Heisstandinginfrontoftheblackboard，hisbacktowardsus.(2012·高考新课标全国卷)Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________．A．permitting B．topermitC．permitted D．permit(2014·启东中学高三检测)Mary________allthehousework，shedroppedherselfintothesofa，sighingwithrelief.A．finished B．hadfinishedC．havingfinished D．finishing(2014·盐城中学高三考试)________，andstudentshavingreturned，theschoolwillstartoutwith________effortintheworkthatliesbeforeit.A．Thesummervacationisover；refreshingB．Asthesummervacationover；renewedC．Thesummervacationbeingover；renewedD．Withthesummervacationbeingover；refreshing(2014·扬州中学高三质检)________，theydivedintoataxiandheadedfortheairport.A．GoodbyewassaidB．GoodbyehadbeensaidC．GoodbyesaidD．Whengoodbyesaid(2014·东台三仓中学月考)_____theresponsibilitiesofthefamily，Iworkedhardtoearnaliving.A．Beingburdenedwith B．BurdenedwithC．Burdeningwith D．Toburdenwith(2014·天津耀华中学模考)________theroom，thenursefoundthetaperecorder________．A．Entering；stealingB．Entering；goneC．Tohaveentered；goneD．Havingentered；tobestolen(2014·泗阳中学高三月考)Thegoldenmanwasalmostfourmeterstall，andtherewereraysoflight________fromhishead________littheentirepalacehall.A．coming；inwhichB．coming；thatC．tocome；whichD．havingcome；fromwhich(2014·沐阳五校高三联考)Whichdoyouenjoy________yourweekend，swimmingorfishing?A．spendingB．beingspentC．spend D．tospend(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding，________hardedgeshadowsontheground.A．throwing B．beingthrownC．tothrow D．tobethrown(2013·高考浙江卷)___howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.A．Hearing B．HearC．Havingheard D．Tobehearing(2013·高考浙江卷)Agoodlistenertakespartintheconversation，________ideasandraisingquestionstokeepthetalkflowing.A．realizing B．copyingC．offering D．misunderstanding(2013·高考江苏卷)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand________toruins，thecitytookonanewlook.A．reducing B．reducedC．beingreduced D．havingreduced(2014·扬州中学高三质检)Davidgotwellpreparedfortheuniversityinterview，forhecouldn’triskthegoodopportunity________．A．tolose B．losingC．tobel