北京航空航天大学考博英语历年真题及详解

目录

2003年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2004年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2007年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2008年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2009年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2010年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2011年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2012年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2013年北京航空航天大学考博英语真

题及详解

2003年北京航空航天大学考博英语真题及详解

PartI.ListeningComprehension(25%)

（略）

PartII.ReadingComprehension(30%)

SectionA

Directions:Therearefivepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CorD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmark

thecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Forfarmershopingforahealthyharvest,thebestplacetoturnforhelpthese

daysistheMonsantoCorp.Oneoftheworld’sleadingbiotechnology

companies—andlatelyapioneeringeneticallyengineeredseeds—Monsanto

hasbeenincorporatingflashytraitslikeherbicideandpestresistanceinto

everythingfromcanolatocorn.Butsuchsupercropsdon’tcomecheap.

FarmerspayapremiumforMonsantoseeds,andtomakesuretheykeep

paying,thecompanyrequiresthemtosignanagreementpromisingnotto

plantseedstheircropsproduce.Iffarmerswantthesamebountifulharvest

nextyear,theymustreturntothecompanyforanewloadofseeds.

WhilethisarrangementmakessenseforMonsanto,itworksonlyiffarmers

honorit—somethingthat’sdifficulttopoliceintheU.S.andalmost

impossibleinthedevelopingworld.Now,however,Monsantohopesto

enforcebiologicallywhatitcannotenforcecontractually.Withthehelpof

clevergenescurrentlyindevelopment,futureMonsantocropsmaybe

designedwithanewfeatureinmind:sterility(不育).Nosoonerwillthe

company’splantsmaturethantheseedstheycarry,willlosetheabilityto

reproduce.

FromMonsanto’spointofview,thesetofnewgenes—whichothershave

nicknamedTerminator—isaperfectlylegitimatewaytoprotecttheir

intellectual-propertyrights.Noteverybodyagrees.

Letthenewsciencetakehold,opponentswarndarkly,andfarmerscouldfind

themselvescomingtoMonsanto,seedcupinhand,payingwhateverthe

companydemandsbeforetheycanplantthatseason’scrop.Worsestill,some

doomsdaystoriessuggest,pollen(花粉)fromTerminatorplantscoulddrift

withthewindlikeatoxiccloud,crosswithordinarycropsorwildplants,and

spreadfromspeciestospeciesuntilfloraallaroundtheworldhadbeen

suddenlyandirreversiblysterilized.

Noseriousscientistthinksanythingsodisastrouswillcometopass.For

Monsanto,however,withatechnologyinitspocketandafightonitshands,

thesituationisaboutasgrimasitcanget—atleastintermsofpublic

relations.“Fromamarketingperspective,it’spathological(病态的).Thisisa

questionofwhocontrolstheseedsoflife.”

16．BeforeTerminator,farmers______.

A.arerequiredtobuynewloadofseedseveryyear

B.areoftencaughtbythepolicereplantingtheseeds

C.canreplanttheseedsunderthepermissionfromMonsanto

D.obeytheagreementssignedwithMonsanto

17．AccordingtoMonsanto,theinventionofTerminatorwillNOT______.

A.stopillegalreplantingofseedsinthedevelopingcountries

B.protecttheirintellectual-propertyrights

C.biologicallycarryouttheagreementswiththefarmers

D.makeallplantssterilized

18．Accordingtotheopponents,Terminatorwilldoallthefollowing

EXCEPTthat______.

A.Terminatorwillresultinraisingtheseedprice

B.Terminatorwillmakecornsnotmaturetobearseeds

C.Terminatorwillcontaminateordinary,crops

D.Terminatorwillnotbepoisonoustootherplants

19．What’sthetoneoftheauthortowards“Terminator”?

A.Objective.

B.Mildlycritical.

C.Indifferent.

D.Pessimistic.

20．Thebesttitleforthepassagewillbe______.

A.TheSuicideSeeds

B.Monsanto-LeadingBiotechCompany

C.SterilityinBiology

D.AgainstNewScience

【答案与解析】

16．B在Monsanto发明新品种Terminator之前，第二段提到itworksonly

iffarmershonorit—somethingthat’sdifficulttopoliceintheU.S，表明农

民们并未按照协议重新购买种子，而是留原来植物的种子，这使得美国

警察很苦恼。

17．DMonsanto发明Terminator是从自己的利益出发的，是为了阻止农

民重复利用种子，为了保护自己的知识产权和从生物学上保证条约的实

施，选项D的内容不是Monsanto考虑的范围。

18．D文中第四段列出了反对者们的意见，他们认为Terminatorplants

coulddriftwiththewindlikeatoxiccloud,crosswithordinarycropsorwild

plants，选项D说Terminator不会污染其它植物不正确。

19．B从文中作者对Terminator的描述以及对其生产者Monsanto的评价

可以看出作者对之是持批评态度的。

20．A本文主要讲的就是Monsanto生产的新种子Terminator，它具有不

育的特点，并有可能危害其他物种，选项A能概括文章内容。

Passage2

ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmosphereaffecttheheat

balanceoftheEarthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.Althoughthesemolecules

allowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlight

isconcentrated,topassthrough,theyabsorbsomelongerwavelength,

infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth’ssurface,radiationthatwould

otherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.FortheEarthtomaintainaconstant

averagetemperature,suchemissionsfromtheplanetmustbalanceincoming

solarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxideintheatmosphere,heatwould

escapefromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily.Thesurfacetemperaturewouldbe

somuchlowerthattheoceansmightbeasolidmassofice.

Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide.The

burningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingofforestshaveincreasedatmospheric

carbondioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears,andwe

continuetoaddcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Couldtheincreasein

carbondioxidecauseaglobalriseinaveragetemperature?Mathematical

modelsthatallowustocalculatetheriseintemperatureasafunctionofthe

increaseindicatethattheanswerisprobablyyes.

Underpresentconditionsatemperatureof－18℃canbeobservedatan

altitudeof5to6kilometersabovetheEarth.Belowthisaltitude(calledthe

radiatinglevel),thetemperatureincreasesbyabout6℃perkilometer

approachingtheEarth’ssurface,wheretheaveragetemperatureisabout

15℃.Anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxidemeansthattherearemore

moleculesofcarbondioxidetoabsorbinfraredradiation.Asthecapacityof

theatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiationincreases,theradiatingleveland

temperatureofthesurfacemustrise.

Onemathematicalmodelpredictsthatdoublingtheatmosphericcarbon

dioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurfacetemperatureby2.5℃.This

modelassumesthattheatmosphere’srelativehumidityremainsconstantand

thetemperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeatarateof6.5℃perkilometer.The

assumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportant,becausewatervaporin

theatmosphereisanotherefficientabsorberofradiationatinfrared

wavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmoremoisturethancoolair,the

relativehumiditywillbeconstantonlyiftheamountofwatervaporinthe

atmosphereincreasesasthetemperaturerises.Therefore,moreinfrared

radiationwouldbeabsorbedandreradiatedbacktotheEarth’ssurface.The

resultantwarmingatthesurfacecouldbeexpectedtomeltsnowandice,

reducingtheEarth’sreflectivity.Moresolarradiationwouldthenbeabsorbed

leadingtofurtherincreaseintemperature.

21．Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestpartofthesolarenergythat

reachestheEarthis______.

A.reflectedbacktospacebysnowandice

B.concentratedatvisiblewavelengths

C.absorbedbycarbondioxidemolecules

D.absorbedbyatmosphericwatervapor

22．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofthelast

hundredyears?

A.Fossilfuelswereburnedforthefirsttime.

B.TheaveragetemperatureattheEarth’ssurfacehasbecome2℃cooler.

C.Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasincreased

measurably.

D.Theamountoffarmlandworldwidehasdoubled.

23．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardthe

increasingamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereanditsconsequences?

A.Objectiveyetconcerned.

B.Angryyetresigned.

C.Completelydetached.

D.Incredulous.

24．Itcanbeconcludedfrominformationcontainedinthetextthatthe

averagetemperatureatanaltitudeof1kilometerabovetheEarthisabout

______.

A.15℃

B.－18℃

C.2.5℃

D.9℃

25．Theprimary,purposeofthepassageisto______.

A.discussthesignificanceofincreasingtheamountofcarbondioxideinthe

atmosphere

B.warnofthedangersofcontinuedburningoffossilfuels

C.explainhowaconstanttemperatureismaintainedintheEarth’ssurface

D.demonstratetheusefulnessofmathematicalmodelsinpredictinglong-

rangeclimaticchange

【答案与解析】

21．B从文中第一段allowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostof

theenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough可以判断大部分太阳

能量集中在visiblewavelengths。

22．C从第二段Theburningoffossil…haveincreasedatmosphericcarbon

dioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears可知过去的100年中，

化石燃料的使用使得空气中二氧化碳增长了15%，选项C说二氧化碳增

加量是可度量的，符合文意。

23．A本文作者用数字计算客观陈述了二氧化碳的现状，从第二段

Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide等处可以

看出作者对其增加是充满忧虑的。

24．D文中第三段说位于地面上方5到6千米的radiatinglevel温度

是-18℃，而每接近地面1千米气温就会上升6℃，通过计算可以得出距

地面1千米的空气温度是9℃。

25．A本文通过数学计算给出人们空气中carbondioxide的增加状况，并

通过具体数字说明了其增加会带来什么后果，选项A符合文意。

Passage3

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexercise

andtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityis

crucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthe

chronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansin

epidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthem

areheartdisease,diabetes,highbloodpressure,arthritis,andosteoporosis.

Butlet’sfaceit:mostpeoplearenotmotivatedtoexercisebywhatitmaydo

forthem20yearsdownthepike.Whatgetspeoplelikemeoutmovingevery

dayiswhatexercisedoesformerightnow,especiallyhowitallowsmeto

enjoyeatingwithoutgaining.I,alongwithmillionsofAmericans,have

discoveredthatexerciseisthekeytopermanentandpainlessweightcontrol.

Afterhearingadescriptionofmyusualdailyexerciseschedule—amorning

runorbikerideandaneveningswim,sometimeswithanhouroftennisin

between—somepeopleremark,“Wouldn’titbealoteasiertoeatoneless

bageladayandskipallthatexercise?”Myansweris,“Easier,yes,butnot

nearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun.”Here’swhyexercise,notdieting,isbest

routetoaleaner,lighteryou.

Farbetterforyourhealthand,yourfuturetoloseprimarilyfatisinthefirst

place.Theonlywaytodothatisthroughexercise,whichusesbodyfatasits

mainsourceofenergy.Youmaynotseethatinitialrapid(butfalse)weight

loss,butwhatyoulosewillbewhatyouwanttolose—fat,notmuscleor

water.Yourlosswillbepermanent,too.Ifit’sanyconsolation(安慰),

studieshaveshownthatinmostcases,thefasterpeopleloseweight,themore

likelytheyaretoregainit.Slowloss,then,isthesecrettolastingsuccess.

Ifyouwanttoloseweightfasterthanyoucanwithjustexercise,simply

combineexercisewithareduced-caloriediet.ResearchersattheUniversity

ofCalifornia,Davis,showedthatexercisecouldcounterthemetabolism-

loweringeffectofalow-caloriedietinmanypeople,italsoseemstocurbthe

adversecaloriceffectofagingonbodymetabolism.Whereasordinarilyyour

metabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder(whichisonereasonpeople

getfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore),ifyoucontinueto

exerciseregularly,youmaykeepyouryouthful,metabolicrateby

maintainingamuscularbodyinsteadoflosingmuscleandputtingonpounds

offat.

26．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theslowerpeopleloseweight,thelessLikelytheyaretoachievetheir

goals.

B.Peoplewhoareondietmerelylosemuscleandwater.

C.Regularexercisesmayreducethechanceofgettingcertainchronic

diseases.

D.Physicalactivityusemuscletissueasitsmainsourceofenergy.

27．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutweightcontrolisNOTTRUE?

A.Theexerciseisthesecrettopermanentandsuccessfulweightcontrol.

B.Combiningexerciseswithareduced-caloriedietmakesiteasiertolose

weight

C.Healthyweightcontrolmeanslosingprimarilyfat,notmuscleorwater.

D.Eatlessandskiptheexerciseisaneasyandeffectivewayoflosingweight

28．Mostmiddle-agedpeoplegetfatter,mainlybecause______.

A.theymadedietary,changeswhentheygrowold

B.oftheirsedentaryliving

C.theydon’texerciseregularly

D.thechemicalactivityintheirbodythatusesthefoodtoproduceenergy

slowsdown

29．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.EatingWithoutGaining

B.Exercise-AnEffectiveWeight-lossTool

C.MetabolicChangesinHumanBody

D.WaysofWeightControl

30．Thepassageismainlyabout______.

A.howtokeepfit

B.howtoloseweight

C.thebenefitsbroughtaboutbyregularexercises

D.exercisesanddiet

【答案与解析】

26．C从文中第一段mostofthechronic…ailments…couldbetemperedby

regularexercise可推断规律性锻炼能够减少患慢性疾病的机率。

27．D文中第二段作者说节食，但不运动，会Easier,yes,butnotnearly

aseffectivenorasmuchfun，可以看出选项D表述与文意不符。

28．D文中第四段给出中年人会发福的原因之一是yourmetabolism

wouldslowdownasyougetolder，选项D意思是体内用以产生能量的化

学分解活动速度减慢，与原文新陈代谢减慢符合。

29．B本文主要讲述了regularexercise对健康和保持体形的作用，并指

出与节食相比，它的有效性。

30．C文中叙述了regularexercises能保持健康，也能controlweight，选

项C概括了这两个方面，符合文意。选项A、B不全面，文章不是在论述

运动和饮食的关系，选项D也不正确。

Passage4

Researchershaverecentlyfoundaconnectionbetweendiseaseandstressful

situations.Totestthistheory,psychologistsaretryingtofindalinkbetween

thebrainandtheimmunesystem.

Theimmunesysteminourbodiesfightsthebacteriaandviruseswhichcause

disease.Therefore,whetherornotwearelikelytogetvariousdiseases

dependsonhowwellourimmunesystemworks.Biologistsusedtothinkthat

theimmunesystemwasaseparate,independentpartofourbodies.Recently,

however,theyhavefoundthatourbraincanaffectourimmunesystem.This

discoveryindicatesthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweenemotional

factors,suchasstressordepression,andillness.

Althoughmanydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetweenemotional

factoranddisease,theyhadnoproof.Scientistshaveonlyrecently

discoveredhowthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunction.Beforethis,no

onecouldseealinkbetweenthem.Asaresult,medicalsciencenever

seriouslyconsideredtheideathatpsychol0~calfactorscouldcausedisease.

Severalrecentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness,for

example,researcherswenttoanAmericanmilitaryschooltostudythe

students.Theyfoundthatthesickstudentstherehadalotofacademic

pressureandwantedtoachieve,buttheywerenotverygoodstudents.Ina

similarstudy,researchersstudiedagroupofstudentnursesandfoundthatthe

nurseswhodevelopedcoldsoresweretheoneswhodescribedthemselvesas

generallyunhappypeople.

Inadditiontotheseresults,whichsupporttheirtheory,researchersarealso

lookingforproofthatstresscandamagetheimmunesystem.Researchers

studiedrecentlybereavedpeople,i.e.,peoplewhoselovedoneshavejust

died,becausetheyaremorelikelytobecomeillordie.Byexaminingthe

immunesystemofrecentlybereavedpeople,theresearchersmadean

importantdiscovery.Theyexaminedsomewhitebloodcellswhicharean

importantpartoftheimmunesystem.Theywerenotfunctioningproperly.

Thefactthattheywerenotworkingcorrectlyindicatesthatsevere

psychologicalstress,suchasalovedone’sdeath,maydamageanimportant

partofourimmunesystem.

Thereisstillnopositiveproofofaconnectionbetweentheimmunesystem

andpsychologicalfactors.Researchersalsosaythattheresultsofthestudies

onbereavedpeoplecouldhaveadifferentexplanation.Forexample,

bereavedpeopleoftensleepandeatlessthannormal,ormaydrinkalcoholor

takemedication.Thesefactorscanalsoaffecttheimmunesystem.More

researchisneededtoclearlyestablishtheconnectionbetweentheimmune

systemandpsychologicalfactors.

31．Thestudyonthemilitaryschoolstudentsindicatedthat______.

A.lifeintheschoolwasverystressful

B.diseasecouldbecausedbypsychologicalfactors

C.thegoodstudentswerelikelytofallill

D.stressoftenmadestudentsunhappy

32．Theimmunesystem______.

A.usedtobeunconnectedwiththebrain

B.causesalotofstresstopeople

C.canbeaffectedbyemotionalfactors

D.functionsindependently

33．Inthepast,manydoctors______.

A.neverthoughtofanypossiblelinkbetweenstressandillness

B.hardlyconsideredemotionalfactorswhendealingwithapatient

C.discoveredthatthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunctionedindependently

D.foundthatdiseaseswerecausedbypsychologicalfactors

34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Unhappinessmaycausedisease.

B.Drinkingalcoholmaycausedamagetotheimmunesystem.

C.toomuchsorrowisharmfultotheimmunesystem.

D.Psychologicalstressleadsnaturallytothedamageoftheimmunesystem.

35．Thetextmainlysuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthe

followingquestions?

A.Cantheimmunesystembeaffectedbyemotionalfactors?

B.Whycanourbodiesfightthebacteriaandviruseswhichcausediseases?

C.Howcantheimmunesystembeaffectedbyemotionalfactors?

D.Whycan’tbloodcellsinbereavedpeople’sbodiesworkproperly?

【答案与解析】

31．B第二段科学家们怀疑心理因素可能导致疾病，第三段指出several

recentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness，以美国一个

军事学校为例对该观点进行论证，可以判断选项B正确。

32．C第二段说生物学家曾认为theimmunesystemwasaseparate,

independentpartofourbodies，但最近研究发现ourbraincanaffectour

immunesystem，而疾病也和情绪有关，据此可以判断情绪能够影响免

疫系统。

33．D第三段说manydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetween

emotionalfactoranddisease,theyhadnoproof表明医生们认识到心理因素

和疾病产生有关，但是不能证实这一点，可以排除其他三个选项。

34．D本题可用排除法，文中叙述了unhappiness，饮酒无度和过度悲伤

都可能影响免疫系统，心理压力可能会影响，但并不是自然而然地会导

致免疫系统的破坏。

35．A本文通过一些例子证实了情绪会影响免疫系统，是对选项A情绪

是否能影响免疫系统的回答。

Passage5

Researchiscommonlydividedinto“applied”and“pure”.Thisclassification

isarbitraryandloose,butwhatisusuallymeantisthatappliedresearchisa

deliberateinvestigationofaproblemofpracticalimportance,in

contradistinctiontopureresearchdonetogainknowledgeforitsownsake.

Thepurescientistmaybesaidtoacceptasanactoffaiththatanyscientific

knowledgeisworthapursuingforitsownsake,and,ifpressed,heusually

claimsthatinmostinstanceitiseventuallyfoundtobeuseful.Mostofthe

greatestdiscoveries,suchasthediscoveryofelectricity,X-rays,radiumand

atomicenergy,originatedfrompureresearch,whichallowstheworkerto

followunexpected,interestingclueswithouttheintentionofachievingresults

ofpracticalvalue.Inappliedresearchitistheprojectwhichisgivensupport,

whereasinpureresearchitistheman.However,oftenthedistinction

betweenpureandappliedresearchisasuperficialoneasitmaymerely

dependonwhetherornotthesubjectinvestigatedisoneofpractical

importance.Forexample,theinvestigationofthelifecycleofaprotozoon

(原生动物)inapondispureresearch,butiftheprotozoonstudiedisa

parasiteofmanordomesticanimaltheresearchwouldbetermedapplied.A

morefundamentaldifferentiation,whichcorrespondsonlyveryroughlywith

theappliedandpureclassificationis(a)thatinwhichtheobjectiveisgiven

andthemeansofobtainingitaresought,and(b)thatinwhichthediscovery

isfirstmadeandthenauseforitissought.

Thereexistsinsomecirclesacertainamountofintellectualsnobbery(势利)

andtendencytolockdisdainfullyonappliedinvestigation.Thisattitudeis

basedonthefollowingtwofalseideas:thatnewknowledgeisonly

discoveredbypureresearchwhileappliedresearchmerelyseekstoapply

knowledgealreadyavailable,andthatpureresearchisahigherintellectual

activitybecauseitrequiresgreaterscientificabilityandismoredifficult.

Boththeseideasarequitewrong.Importantnewknowledgehasfrequents,

arisenfromappliedinvestigations.Usuallyitismoredifficulttogetresultsin

appliedresearchthaninpureresearch,becausetheworkerhastosticktoand

solveagivenprobleminsteadoffollowinganypromisingcluethatmayturn

up.Alsoinappliedresearchmostfieldshavealreadybeenwellworkedover

andmanyoftheeasyandobviousthingsshavebeendone.Appliedresearch

shouldnotbeconfusedwiththeroutinepracticeofsomebranchofscience

whereonlytheapplicationofexistingknowledgeisattempted.Thereisneed

forbothpureandappliedresearchfortheytendtobecomplementary.

36．Inappliedinvestigation,______.

A.researchworkersareallowedtofollowunexpected,interestingclues

B.scientistsmakeadiscoveryfirst,andthentrytouseit

C.itisthemanwhoisgivensupport

D.resultsofpracticalvaluearetobeachieved

37．Somepeoplelookdownonappliedresearchbecausetheythinkthat

______.

A.itisakindofprearrangedinvestigation

B.nonewknowledgecanarisefromappliedresearch

C.itismoredifficulttogetresultsinappliedresearchthaninpureresearch

D.nospecificscientificabilityisneededinappliedresearch.

38．Accordingtotheauthor,______.

A.theinvestigationofthelifecycleofaprotozoonisundoubtedlypure

research

B.purescientiststendtolookdownuponappliedinvestigation

C.thediscoveryofX-rayswasmadeinappliedresearch

D.theclassificationofresearchinto“pure”and“applied”isneitheraccurate

norimpersonal

39．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.pureresearchandappliedresearchareequallydifficult

B.appliedinvestigationrequiresgreaterscientificability

C.appliedresearchisnotinferiortopureresearch

D.inbothpureresearchandappliedresearchanyscientificknowledgeis

worthseeking

40．Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthepatternofthe

passage?

A.Theauthorfirstrefutestheclassificationofresearchintothepureandthe

appliedandthenanalyzethereasonsfortheintellectualsnobberyand

tendencytolookdownontheoneofthetwo.

B.Theauthorfirstrefutestheclassificationofresearchintothepureandthe

appliedandthenpresentshisownclassification.

C.Theauthorfirstrefutestheclassificationofresearchintothepureandthe

appliedandthenpointsoutthattheclassificationresultsfromtwofalseideas.

D.Theauthorfirstpointsoutthepracticalimportanceofappliedresearchand

thencriticizesthosewholookdownonappliedresearch.

【答案与解析】

36．D本题可用排除法，选项A、B、C的内容都是关于pureresearch

的。

37．D文中第二段人们认为appliedresearch仅仅研究已经存在的知识；

并认为pureresearch是一项更高层次的智力活动，因为它对科学能力要

求更高，也更难，可以判断他们认为appliedresearch不能创造出新知

识，新东西，并不是说它没有科学能力，所以D项不正确。

38．D文章开篇作者就指出Thisclassificationisarbitraryandloose，可以

判断选项D符合题意。

39．C第二段说Thereisneedforbothpureandappliedresearchforthey

tendtobecomplementary，意思是两者不可或缺，因为他们相辅相成，

由此可以判断选项C正确。

40．A通读全文可知作者先指出了对科学研究的两种划分，并表明了

他的不赞成态度，随后又解释了一些人轻视appliedresearch的原因，选

项A符合。

SectionB

Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsor

incompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthe

questionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Would-belanguageteacherseverywherehaveonethingincommon:theyall

wantsomerecognitionoftheirprofessionalstatusandskills,andajob.The

formerrequirementisobviouslyimportantonapersonallevel,butitisvital

ifyouaretohaveanychanceoffindingwork.

Tenyearsago,thesituationwasverydifferent.Invirtuallyeverydeveloping

country,andinmanydevelopedcountriesaswell,beinganativeEnglish

speakerwasenoughtogetyouemployedasanEnglishteacher.

Nowemployerswillonlylookatteacherswhohavetheknowledge,theskills

andattitudestoteachEnglisheffectively.Theresultofthishasbeentoraise

non-nativeEnglishteacherstothesamestatusastheirnativecounterparts—

somethingtheyhavealwaysdeservedbutseldomenjoyed.Non-nativesare

nowhappy-linguisticdiscriminationisathingofthepast.

Anongoingresearchproject,fundedbytheUniversityofCambridge,askeda

sampleofteachers,teachereducatorsandemployersinmorethan40

countrieswhethertheyregardthenative/non-nativespeakersdistinctionas

beingatallimportant.“NO”wastheanswer.Aslongascandidatescould

teachandhadtherequiredlevelofEnglish,itdidn’tmatterwhotheywere

andwheretheycamefrom.Thusanewformofdiscrimination—thistime

justifiedbecauseitsingledouttheunqualified-liberatedthelinguistically

oppressed.ButtheCambridgeprojectdidmorethanjustthat,itconfirmed

thattheneedsofnativeandnon-nativeteachersareextremelysimilar.

41．TheselectionofEnglishteachersusedtobemainlybasedon______.

42．Whatdidnon-naiveEnglishteachersdeservebutseldomenjoy?

43．WhatkindofpeopleisnowmorelikelytofindajobasanEnglish

teacher?

44．Whatistheresultofthe“newformofdiscrimination”(Line5,Para.4)?

45．Thephrase“thelinguisticoppressed”(Line6,Para.4)referstothose

whowere______.

【答案】

41．whetherthecandidatesarenativespeakersornot

42．Havingthesamestatusastheirnativecounterparts.

43．Teacherswhohavetheknowledge,theskillsandattitudestoteach

Englisheffectively.

44．Itsingledouttheunqualified-liberatedthelinguisticallyoppressed.

45．competentbutnon-nativespeakers

PartIII.ClozeTest(10%)

Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.Readthewhole

passageandtrytofillineachblankwiththatbestfitsintothepassage.Write

youranswerontheAnswerSheet.

UniversityPhysicsisintendedforstudentsofscienceandengineering

Primaryemphasisisonphysicalprinciplesandproblem(46)_____;historical

backgroundandspecializedpracticalapplicationshavebeengivenaplaceof

(47)_____importance.Manyworked-outexamplesandanextensive

collectionofproblemsareincludedwithineachchapter.

Inthis(48)_____edition,thebasicphilosophyandoutlineandthebalance

betweendepthoftreatmentand(49)_____ofsubject-mattercoverageare

unchangedfrompreviouseditions.Wehavetriedtopreservethosefeatures

thatusersof(50)_____editionshavefounddesirable,(51)_____

incorporatinganumberofchangesthatshouldenhancethebook’s

usefulness.

Thetextbookisadaptabletoawidevarietyof(52)_____outlines.Theentire

textbookcanbeusedfora(n)(53)_____coursetwoorthreesemestersin

length.Foralessintensivecourse,manyinstructorswillwantto(54)_____

certainchaptersorsectionstotailorthebooktotheirindividualneeds.The

arrangementofthiseditionfacilitatesthiskindof(55)_____.

【答案与解析】

46．