（学生版）第八章 非谓语动词精讲与精练

第八章非谓语动词精讲与精练一、非谓语动词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式或用适当的单词（1个）填空Letchildrenlearn[1]_________(judge)theirownwork.Achild[2]___________(learn)totalkdoesnotlearnby[3]_______________(correct)allthetime;if[4]___________(correct)toomuch,hewillstop[5]__________(talk).Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenhislanguageandothers’language.Bitbybit,hemakestherightchanges[6]___________(make)hislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,childrenlearntodoalltheotherthings.Theylearntotalk,run,climb,rideabicycleby[7]___________(compare)theirownbehaviorswiththoseofmore[8]_________(skill)people,andslowlymakethe[9]________(need)changes.Butinschoolteachersnevergiveachildachance[10]___________(find)outhismistakesforhimself,evenfewerchancesforhim[11]___________(correct)himself.Theydoitallforhim.Teachersactasifthestudentwouldfail[12]_________(notice)amistakeiftheydidnotpointitouttohim.Theyactasifthestudentwouldnevercorrectitunless[13]__________(make)to.Soonhe[14]____________(become)dependentontheteacher.Soweshouldlethim[15]_______(realize)hisownmistakesandworkoutwhattheansweristothatproblemwiththehelpofotherchildren.二、非谓语动词考点精讲：非谓语动词考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。各时态的谓语动词的形式(见时态语态一章),注意:情态动词+do是谓语动词的一种形式非谓语动词：todo/doing/doneEG:Wheniceisheated,itcanturnintowater.Heated,icecanturnintowater.Thechildrenareworkinghardonthefarm,singingandlaughing.一个句子中，已经出现谓语动词又没有连词的情况下。还有别的动词出现时，需要用非谓语动词。EG:Themantookoutthekey,openedthedoorandenteredtheroom.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.考点对练1:判断下列划线动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词Wefoundthegirlsittinginthearmchair.Thestudentswentintothehall,followingtheirteacher.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.Shesatatthewindow,readingamagazine.Workhardandyouwillsucceed.非谓语动词考点2、非谓语动词的逻辑主语1、非谓语动词虽然不作谓语，但依然保留着动词的特征，就是动词表示的动作一定有“执行者”，及物动词表达的动作会有一个“承受者”。非谓语动作的执行者和承受者就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语或宾语。比如：EG：Wewillhavemanydifficultproblemstodealwith.我们会有许多棘手问题需要处理。（Todealwith的执行者（逻辑主语）是句子主语we，承受者（宾语）是problems）EG：Theproblemtobedealtwithishowwecangetthetextbooks.（Tobedealtwith的承受者theproblems变成了逻辑主语,由于不定式用的是被动形式，因此没有宾语）2、如何确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语①非谓语动词在句子里作“状语”时，它的逻辑主语就是句中主语。EG：Notknowingwhattodonext,wewenttotheteacherforhelp.因为不知道下一步怎么办，我们去求助老师。（作原因状语的非谓语动词短语（notknowingwhattodonext）的逻辑主语（执行者）是句子主语we）②非谓语动词在句子里作“定语”时，它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。EG：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.③非谓语动词在句子里作宾语补足语时，它的逻辑主语就宾语。EG:Whenweentertheclassroom,wefoundTomseatedonhischair.非谓语动词考点3、非谓语动词的时态语态及其基本性质非谓语形式时态（主动）时态（被动）表达的时间概念不定式todotobedone将来（即动作发生在主句动作之后）tobedoing正在进行（与主句动作同时发生）tohavedonetohavebeendone过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前）现在分词动名词doingbeingdone正在进行（与主句动作同时发生）havingdonehavingbeendone过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前）过去分词done过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前）例如：EG1:Hehopetofinishreadingthebooktonight.EG2:Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercamein.EG3:Hepretendedtohaveforgottentheconversationthatnight.他假装已经忘记了那晚的对话。EG4:Itisimpossibleforhimtobeappointed.他不可能被任命。EG5:Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。EG6:Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.没有收到答复他决定再写一遍EG7:Thebuildingbeingbuiltisournewteachingbuilding.EG8:Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisoursciencebuilding.非谓语动词考点4、非谓语动词其它常考考点只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind（介意），escape（逃脱），miss（想念，错过），enjoy（喜欢），practise（练习），prevent（预防），dislike(不喜欢)，admit（承认），suggest（建议）=advise=recommend，keep（保持），consider（考虑），can’thelp(情不自禁)，can’tstand(不能忍受)，risk（冒险），resist（抵抗，反对），giveup(放弃)，avoid（避免），appreciate（欣赏），finish（完成），imagine(想象)记忆口诀：memep喜欢承认skrgafi(谐音：妹妹不喜欢承认吃颗粒咖啡)只接todo做宾语的动词或短语hope（希望）,want（想）,offer（主动提出做...，提供）,long（渴望）,fail（失败，未能做...）,expect（期待）,wish(希望),ask（要求）,decide（决定）,pretend（假装）,manage（成功设法做.....）,agree(同意),afford（负担得起）,determine（决定）,promise（承诺）,happen（碰巧），refuse(拒绝)seem/appear(似乎)Sth.need/want/require（需要）+doing(某物需要被…)=Sth.need/want/require（需要）+tobedoneEG:Theclassroomneedscleaning=Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.同一动词后接to与doing的不同用法todo和doing做宾语意义相反stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo记得/忘记/很遗憾要做…（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing记得/忘记/后悔做过…（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意思是，意味着）can’thelp（to）do（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）consider…tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词搭配含义与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句ask,beg,expect,order,tell,allow,invitewant,wish,encourage…+sb.todo要求、乞求、希望、命令、告诉、想要、希望、鼓励…某人做某事主动关系。强调动作将发生TheteacherencouragedhimtotryhisbesttolearnEnglishwell.makelethave+sb.do使/让某人做某事主动关系。do前省略to,用在被动语态中，to要用上WhynotmakeTomdothejobforyou?Heoftenmakeshissistercrybuttodayheismadetocrybyher.+sb.doing使/让某人一直做某事主动关系。Whilewashingyourhands,don’tmakethewaterrunningallthetime.+sb/sth.done使/让某人/物被…被动关系I’llhavemyhousepaintednextweek.seenoticewatchobservehear…+sb.do看见…某人经常做某事/某人做了某事主动关系。do前省略to,用在被动语态中，to要用上Weoftenhearhimsingthesamesong.+sb.doing看见某人正在做某事主动关系。Whentheteachercamein,hesawJackplayinggames.+sb./sth.done看见某人/物被…被动关系Thismorning,Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacar.find+sb.doing发现某人正在做某事主动关系Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.+sb./sth.done发现某人/物被…被动关系Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.Leave/keepsb./sth.doing让某人/物持续做某事主动关系I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.不定式的复合结构①forsb.todosth.EG:Itisnecessaryfortodosomethingforprotectingtheenvironment.②ofsb.todosth.(如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式表示的动作的执行者的特性时，其逻辑主语常用of引出。此类形容词常见的有:kind,nice,good,polite,rude,patient,careful,wise,clever,selfish,cruel等)EG:Itwascruelofthemtoeatrarewildanimals.but/excepttodosth.除了做...之外(当but/except前出现行为动词do的适当形式时，to通常省略)EG:Mybrothercoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortoarrive.其它非谓语动词常考的句型①only

to

do

sth.

(一个较为特殊的结果状语，只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮丧或失望的结果。如：

He

came

back

from

the

USA

hurriedly

only

to

find

his

girlfriend

got

married

to

another

guy.)②It’s

a

waste

of

time

doing

sth.

做....是浪费时间It’s（no）fun

doing

sth.

做....（没）有趣It’s

no

good

doing

sth.做....没有好处It’sno

use

doing

sth.

做……是没有用的be

worth

doing

sth.....是值得(被)做EG:Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。EG:Itisagreatfunplayingfootball.踢足球很有趣。EG:Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。③spend/wastetime(in)doingsth.花/浪费时间做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难④feellike+名词/动名词：“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词EG:Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?⑤bebusydoing忙着做…EG:Iambusywritingmythesis.我正忙着写论文。⑥独立成分generallyspeaking一般说来；franklyspeaking坦白地说；judgingfrom/by...根据……来判断；comparedwith/to....与....相比considering.../oconsideration考虑到……；totellyouthetruth说实话；tobehonest说实话；考点应考技巧：要分清句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要分清非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动，同时要弄清非谓语动词所表达的时间概念。要牢记固定搭配与句型结构。六、考点精练(一)单句语法填空1.【2021·全国甲卷】Itispossible43(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【(2021·全国乙卷】Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim70(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus60(astonish).【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour63(ache)legs.【2021·浙江高考卷】Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover43（plant）flowersinthefrontyard.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Theyrepresenttheearth63.(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

8.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67(find)thewell-knownpainter.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemlivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】Whenwegotacall69(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

【2018•卷Ⅱ】Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.【2018•卷Ⅱ】China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________

(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.【2018•卷Ⅲ】Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.【2018•卷Ⅲ】Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________

(stay)andwatch.【2018•浙江】Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.【2018·北京改编】_________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.【2018·北京改编)6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.【2018·北京改编】Ordinarysoap,______(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.【2018·天津改编】Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______(try)it.【2018·天津改编】IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs_________(take).【2018·江苏改编】Around

13,500

new

jobs

were

created

during

the

period,_______(exceed)the

expected

numberof12,000held

bymarket

analysts.【2017·天津卷改编】Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_____(allow)morepatientstobetreated.【2017·天津改编】Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain______(catch).【2017·江苏卷改编】ManyChinesebrands,_______(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.【2017·北京卷改编】Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______(save)theirvaluabletime.【2017·北京卷改编】Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.【2017·北京卷】Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______(spend)withhisstudents.【2016·北京】________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(二)单句改错练习（每句至多两处错误）1.【2021年全国甲卷】Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.2.【2021年全国乙卷】Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.3.【2020·全国卷I】Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.4.【2020·全国卷I】Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.5.【2020·全国卷III】Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.6.【2019·全国卷III】IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.7.【2019·全国卷III】Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchaslike"TangDynasty".8.【2018全国卷•卷Ⅰ】Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.【2018•全国卷卷Ⅱ】Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.【】2018•全国卷卷Ⅲ】Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.【2017·全国卷全国卷Ⅰ】Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Whensummercame，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!【2016年全国卷Ⅱ】MyClassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.【2016年全国卷Ⅲ】IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.【2015年浙江卷】Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.【2015年四川】It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.【2015年全国Ⅱ】Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.【2015年陕西】“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”【2014年全国卷II】Allofusneedfriendship.Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother.【2014年四川】Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.【2014年陕西】Hewa