2021年1月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)

2021年1月研究生学位英语真题（附完整参考答

案）

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2021年1月讨论生英语学位课统考

PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)

SectionA(0.5pointeach)A.subjectivelyB.

imaginablyC.positivelyD.practicallyA.

imposingB.demandingC.compulsoryD.

temporaryA.responsibleforB.indifferenttoC.

desperateforD.involvedin

24.Thevisitorswereimpressedbythefacilitiesplannedand

programmedtheirinterrelationships.

A.inunitsofB.withreferencetoC.inaspectsof

D.onconditionofA.mightyB.prospective

C.oddD.formidableA.destructionB.

contributionC.chargeD.originA.

hospitalityB.affectionC:appealD.

frustrationA.submissiveB.resistantC.

i

tolerableD.committedA.difficultB.

excitedC.relievedD.restlessA.

turntoB.addtoC.keeptoD.

leadtoSectionB(0.5pointeach)

31.Toachievesustainabledevelopment,theA.

conservationB.reservationC.exhaustion

D.devastation

32.Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesistothoseabove

21insomeregions.

A.confinedB.inhibitedC.obliged

D.restricted

33.Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhuman

invasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddeveloped

countries.

A.bothB.eitherC.alike

D.apart

34.Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite

tothose1ivinginthemainlandofChina.

A.overseasB.abroadC.foreign

D.offshore

35.Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto

foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

2

A.manipulateB.regulateC.dominate

D.prevail

36.Despitethesuspect'stobeinnocent,thereis

compellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

A.convictionB.assertionC.accusation

D.speculation

37.Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychain

islikestrikingoil-oilthatmaynever____.

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A.runoutB.workoutC.turnout

D.callout

38.Havingbeenanofficesecretaryforsomeyears,shealways

choresinaresponsibleway.

A.goesonB.goesforC.goeswithout

D.goesabout

39.Withoutclearguidelines,executivesofhospitals

aresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.

A.inorderB.inplaceC.inneed

3

D.introuble

40.Theageofothertreesisvariouslyestimatedas

fromtwohundredtoeighthundredyears.

A.changingB.differingC.varying

D.ranging

PARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

Everyyear,asthepriceofgoodsrises,theinflationrefuses

to(41)evenfromthehigheducationalinstitutions.

IntheUS,accordingtoa2021surveybytheCollegeBoard,

(42)atstateuniversitiesrosebyanaverageof7.1percent

annually,afterayearwheninflationgrewmuchless.Atprivate

schoolsitwasup5.9percent.Thesurveywhich(43)morethan

3,000collegesanduniversitiesdidnotprovideclearreasons

forthecontinuedincreases.Itdidsaythatthepriceofgoods

andservicesatuniversitieshaverisenrapidly.Someofthe

fastestgrowthhasbeeninemployeehealth(44),and

professionalsalaries.Livingexpensesoncampushavealso

(45).AttheuniversityofSouthernCaliforniastudentdining

hall,abuffetmealcost$5.50in2021.Butnowit's$9.The

USgovernmentoftenprovides(46)assistancetostudents'lunch

inprimaryandhighschools,butthesefavorablepolicies

4

usuallydon't(47)universities.

Somestudentssaidthefoodoncampusissometimesevenmore

expensivethanthatatrestaurants

(48)campus.

Tocompensatetheriseintuitionandlivingexpenses,the

federalandstategovernments(49)universitiesandprivate

sourceshaveprovided(50)forstudents.Ofallthefulltime

undergraduatesabout62percenthaveagrantcovering30-50

percentoftheirtuition,accordingtotheCollegeBoard.

41.A.stayawayB.standoutC.stepdownD.setoff

42.A.faresB.paymentC.chargesD.tuition

43.A.attendedB.coveredC.includedD.composed

44.A.welfaresB.advantagesC.benefitsD.goods

45.A.rolledupB.goneupC.satupD.takenup

46.A.managementB.economicC.policyD.financial

47.A.applytoB.suitforC.adjusttoD.gearfor

48.A.inB.toC.offD.over

49.A.aswellasB.thesameasC.asfarasD.suchas

50.A.graspsB.grainsC.groundsD.grants

PARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1

pointeach)

5

PassageOne

Didyourmumanddadgotouniversity,ordidtheyleaveschool

andgostraighttotheJobCentre?Theeducationalexperience

ofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday's

studentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,

accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.

TheresearchwasdonebytheHigherEducationCareersService

Unit.Itplanstofollowuniversityapplicantsforsixyears

from2021throughtheirearlycareers.

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Thefirstyear,sfindingscomefromastudyof130,000

universityapplicants.Theyshowsignificantdifferencesin

prospectivestudents;approachtohighereducation,depending

onwhethertheirparentsgotdegrees(second-generation

applicants)ordidn，t(first-generationapplicants).

First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythat

theircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheir

mindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthis

6

groupgavetoenablemetogetagoodjobastheirmainreason

forchoosingHE.And37percentsaidthatadegreewaspartof

mycareerplan.

Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwhere

financesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforits

ownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosionin

vocationalcourses.

AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,

saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearch

managementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.

HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,

alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,

thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohave

influencedherchoice.

Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit'sprettylikely

you'11getajobattheend.That'sabigplus,asthedebtlevels

afterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening,shesays.

Manyexpertsbelievethatthissituationaffectsthosewithno

familytraditionofhighereducationfarmorekeenly.Thefact

that26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadvice

impliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhigher

educationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.

7

Forthosewithgraduateparents,thislackofguidancemay,

theresearcherssuggest,belessofaproblem.But,forthose

withouttheadvantages,lackofaccesstocareerguidance

beforeapplyingforhighereducationleavesthemexposedto

makingpoorerchoices,thesurveyconcludes.

51.Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

A.parents'experiencesaremoreimportantfortheir

children'seducation

B.parents，careersarevitallyimportantfortheir

children'sdegrees

C.students(approachtohighereducationcorrelateswith

theirparents,educationalexperience

D.students，careerandemploymentprospectsaredecidedby

theirparents

52.HEinthe4thparagraphprobablyrefersto.

A.healtheducationB.higheremploymentC.HarrietEdge

D.highereducation

53.Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhousehold

A.islesslikelytogetfinancialaidtogotouniversity

B.ismorelikelytochoosevocationaleducation

C.maythinklearningforpleasureisagoodidea

8

D.maychoosetostudyforaprofessionaldegree

54.InwhichofthefollowingaspectsdoKimBurnettand

HarrietEdgehaveincommon?

A.Theybothchosetheirmajorsbecauseoftheirfamily

influence.

B.Theyareboththefirst-yearstudentsinuniversity.

C.Bothoftheirparentslackcollegedegrees.

D.Bothofthemchosedegreesforjobsecurity.

55.Itisimpliedthat.

A.thecostofadegreeinmedicineisveryhigh

B.highereducationinvestmentinmedicineisnotworthwhile

C.astudentwithoutfamilymedicaltraditionislesslikely

tochoosemedicine

D.medicineisafieldwhereeverydegree-holdercangeta

job

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56.Thosewithgraduateparentsmay.

A.makepoorerchoiceswhenchoosingtheirmajors

9

B.makebetterchoiceswhenapplyingforhighereducation

C.notneedcareerguidancebeforegraduation

D.havenoproblemsinapplyingforacollege

PassageTwo

Lastmonth,thepublicaddresssystematEarl,sCourtsubway

stationinLondonwasorderedtogetthenoisedown.Passengers,

itseems,hadhadenoughofbeingtoldtheblindinglyobvious:

Standbackorthetrainwillrunyouover.Don，tleanonthe

doors.Standbackfromtheopeningdoors.Dothis.Don，tdothat.

Bossinessisnotjustaural.Itisalsowritten.Asacommuter,

I,mcontinuallybombardedbynoticesoncarwalls.Pleasetake

yourfeetofftheseat.Pleaseturndownyourpersonalstereo.

AndwhenIdrivepastthelocalprimary,asignflashes:School.

Slowdown!

ThepresumptionbehindthesesignsisthatBritonsmusthave

everythingspelledoutbecausewearetow,uncivilizedpeople

whowereraisedbywolves.

Britaindidn'tusetobesobossy.WhenIwasaboy,for

instance,thelocalcinemaputawarningonscreenbeforewe

settleddowntowatch.Don't,itsaid,makenoises.Inthose

days,longbeforemobilephones,itwastheonlybossinesswe

10

sawinthecinema.Sincethen,bossinesshasbecomemore

commonplace.Television,thatstrongestguidetopublicmorals

andlifestylesinthiscountry,isalivewithdominantpeople.

Onscreen,weseehealthexpertsholdingsomepoorwoman，s

breastsanddemandingthatshegetinshape.Cookingprograms

tel1usnottothinkofleavingtoastcrumbsonthekitchentable.

ThereisnopointinblamingTVforthisnewbossiness.We

wanttobebossed.Wehavebehavedbadlyandnowweyearnto

feelthewhiptocorrectus.OnJuly1,smokingwillbebanned

inpublicplacesinEngland.Mylocalgovernmenttoldchurches

inthearealastweekthatno-smokingpostersmustbe

prominentlydisplayedbychurchentrances.

Ilovethis:thegovernmentsarebossingpeopletomakethem

morebossy.Theyareinsistingthatprieststelltheir

congregations（教区的教民）whattodo.

Mylocalgovernmentisn'ttheonlysourceofbossiness.Ifind

iteverywhere.Buttheriseinbossinessdoesnotseemtohave

beenaccompaniedbyariseinsociallywell-adjustedbehavior.

Infact,theopposite.Perhapsthisisbecause,ifyoufeelas

thoughyouaretreatedwithcontempt,youwillrespondwiththe

same.

57.ThecaseatEarTsCourtsubwaystationshowsthat

ii

A.itisverynoisyinpublicplaces

B.itisnecessarytowarnthepassengersoftheirsafety

C.peoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofpublicorder

D.peoplehavebeentiredofbeingbossed

58.Itispresumedthatbossinessiseverywherebecause

Britons.

A.needtobebossedtobehavethemselves

B.wanttoberemindedofhowtobehavewell

C.musthaveeverythingspelledout

D.areraisedinuncivilizedsociety

59.Itissuggestedinthepassagethat.

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A.nowBritonsbehavemuchbetterthantheydidinthepast

B.inthepastBritonsbehavedmuchbetterthantheydonow

C.thedominantpeopleonscreenshouldbeblamedforthenew

bossiness

D.televisionhasmisguidedthepublicmoralsandlifestyles

12

inBritain

60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowing

statemensistrue?

A.Televisionshouldplayaroleinenhancingpublicmorals.

B.Thelocalgovernmenthasgotinvolvedinthechurch

activities.

C.Thegovernmentswanttomakethemselvesmoreauthoritative

bybossingpeople.

D.Theriseinbossinesshashelpedtheimprovementof

people'sbehavior.

61.Theauthorwritesthispassageina.

A.funnytoneB.criticizingtoneC.friendlytone

D.radicaltone

62.Whatistheappropriatetitleofthispassage?

A.BritishPeopleHaveHadEnoughBossinessAround

B.BritishPeopleWanttoBeBossed

C.BossinessinGreatBritain:ItsPastandPresent

D.BossinessinGreatBritainShouldBeIgnored

PassageThree

Itbeganasjustanotherresearchproject,inthiscaseto

examinetheeffectsofvariousdrugsonpatientswithasevere

13

mooddisorder.Usinganadvancedbrainscanning

technology-theclumsilynamedecho-planarmagneticresonance

spectroscopicimaging（磁共振光谱成像）procedure,or

EP-MRSI-researchersatBoston，sMcLeanHospitalscannedthe

medicatedandun-medicatedbrainsof30peoplewithbipolar

disorderinordertodetectpossiblenewtreatmentsforthemore

than2millionAmericanadultswhosufferfromthedisease.

Butsomethingunexpectedhappened.Apatientwhohadbeenso

depressedthatshecouldbarelyspeakbecameebullientafter

the45-minutebrainscan.Thenasecondpatient,whoseemed

incapableofevenasmile,emergedactuallytellingjokes.Then

anotherandanother.Wasthissomecoincidence?AimeeParow,

thetechnicianwhomadetheseobservationsdidn，tthinkso.She

mentionedthepatients'strikingmoodshiftstoherbossand

togethertheycompletelyrefocusedthestudy:toseeifthe

electromagneticfieldsmightactuallyhaveacurativeeffect

ondepressivemood.

Asitturnsout,theydid.Asreportedlastmonthinthe

AmericanJournalofPsychiatry,23ofthe30peoplewhowere

partofthestudyreportedfeelingsignificantlylessdepressed

afterthescan.Themostdramaticimprovementswereamongthose

whoweretakingnomedication.Theresearchersarecautious.

14

SaysBruceCohen,McLean'spresidentandpsychiatristinchief:

“Iwanttoemphasizethatwearenotsayingthisistheanswer

butthisisacompletelydifferentapproachintryingtohelp

thebrainthananythingthatwasdonebefore.

It'sacompletelydifferentapproachbecauseofthewaythe

magnetismisappliedtothebrain.Butit'sanexampleofnew

researchonanoldidea:thatthebrainisanelectromagnetic

organandthatbraindisordersmightresultfromdisorderin

magneticfunction.Theideahashugeappealtopsychiatrists

andpatientsalike,sinceformanypeoplethesideeffectsof

psychiatric（精神的）drugsarealmostasdifficulttomanage

asthediseaseitself.And30percentofthenearly18.8million

peoplewhosufferfromdepressiondonotrespondtoanyofthe

antidepressantsavailablenow.Peoplewithotherseveremental

disordersmightbenefitaswell.Andwhilenoonefully

understandsexactlywhyorhowthebrainrespondsasitdoes

toelectricalcurrentsandmagneticwaves,fascinatingnew

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15

researchisofferingsomepossibleexplanations.

63.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaprojectaimedatfinding

A.whohasbipolardisorderB.whatimproves

people'smoods

C.whethermagneticscanningisatreatmentD.howsome

patientsrespondtosomedrugs

64.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutbipolardisorder?

A.Itmainlyaffectsmales.B.Itmaycause

drugaddiction.

C.Itisamentalproblem.D.Itishardto

detect.

65.ThewordebullientinParagraph2canbebestreplaced

by.

A.considerateB.quietC.excitedD.

sorrowful

66.Theresearchers，attitudetowardthenewfindingcanbe

describedas.

A.confusedB.amusedC.carefulD.

skeptical

67.Thenewfindingissignificantbecauseitshowsthat

electromagneticfieldsmay

16

A.treatmentaldisordersB.causemental

disorders

C.increasetheeffectivenessofsomedrugsD.reducethe

effectivenessofsomedrugs

68.Thepassagemainly.

A.reportsadiscoveryB.challengesa

discovery

C.explainstheproblemswithadiscoveryD.describes

thebackgoundofadiscovery

PassageFour

MykidstellmethatIamso20thcentury,whichtroublesme.

Apersonlikestofeelthatheiswithit,asweusedtosay

inthe20thcentury.

SoIhavebeenthinkinghowImightchangemyselfintoatrue

21st-centuryman.Clearly,inmyadvancedstateofageIwould

befoolishtoattemptsomewildleapintothecontemporary

fashion.Andanyway,mydistinctivetasteattractsmuch

favourablecomment.

Butifmyclothingistoocharacteristictochange,perhaps

Ishoulddosomethingaboutmylifestyle.SolastweekItook

myselftotheNECfortheSmartHomeShowwhichistheexhibition

dedicatedtoallthelatesttrendsinsmarthometechnology.

17

Itwasashock.HowcouldIhavelivedforhalfacentury

withoutafingerprint-operatedfrontdoor?(Neverlock

yourselfoutofyourhomeagain!)Orvacuumcleanersthatsuck

duststraightintoadustbin,viaasystemofpipesinyourhouse

walls?(Allyouhavetodoisrebuildyourentirehome.)Or

automaticgardensprinklerswhicharesosmartthattheyturn

themselvesoffwhenitstartstorain?Ofcourse,youcouldjust

lookoutofthewindow,observethatit'srainingandturnthem

offyourself,butthatwouldbeso20thcentury.

Besides,thosewerejustthesimplerthings.Forthetrue

smart-homeowner,aplasma(等离子)TVfireplaceisamust.At

firstglanceit'sjustanelectricfirewithamantelpiece,

butpressyourremoteandagiantTVscreenrisesfromthe

mantelpiece.Thieveswon'tevenknowit'sthere,aspokesman

claimed.Justaswell.At5,280,itwouldbeapitytohaveit

broken.Buttherealrevolutionhashappenedinthebathroom.

Neveragainneedyoufeelcutofffromworldeventsasyougo

aboutyourwashing.ForgetthemirrorsthatturnintoTVscreens.

They'reoldhat.Thebuzzinbathroomsnowisallaboutheated

towel-racksthatturnintoTVs.

Enough!Iwasconvinced:Iwantasmarthome.There,sonly

18

oneproblem:Thecost.Youarelookingat18,000to25,000for

anaveragehome.Hmm.Iwon，tbeenteringthe21stcenturyjust

yet,then.

69.Tobe21stcentury,theauthordecidedto.

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A.movetoanewhouseB.changethewayhelived

C.improvehisdressingstyleD.talkinthemost

trendyfashion

70.Theauthor'scommentonthevacuumcleanerimplies

that.

A.hebelievedthatitwasuselessB.hewantedto

purchaseonehimself

C.hehatedtocauseinconvenienceD.hethoughtthat

itwasnotworththeeffort

71.Whatisthemostrevolutionarysmarthometechnology

accordingtotheauthor?

A.TheplasmaTVfireplace.B.Theautomatic

gardensprinkler.

C.MirrorsthatturnintoTVscreens.D.Heated

19

towel-racksthatturnintoTVs.

72.TheSmartHomeShow.

A.seemedtoogoodtobetrueB.wasatrue

eye-openerfortheauthor

C.leftanegativeimpressionontheauthorD.appealed

lesstothemiddle-andold-aged

73.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofbuyingthesmarthome

products?

A.Hewasinterested,butfoundthemtooexpensive.

B.Hewasfascinated,anddeterminedtobuythem.

C.Hewasn'tattracted,andwouldn，tbuythem.

D.Hewasn'tsure,sohewouldratherwaitandsee.

74.Whichofthefollowingwordscouldbestdescribethe

author'stone?

A.Overstated.B.Objective.C.Ironic.D.

Passionate.

PassageFive

Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespace

oftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgone

frombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsand

committedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissueno

onecanignore.

20

Eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan,thelp

butfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortrips

bycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheir

steps.

Now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.Thetourismand

aviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsome

awkwardfacts.Didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmore

carbondioxidethansomeplanes'?Thatdrivingcanrelease

twiceasmuchcarbonasflying?AnewreportfromBalpa,the

pilot'sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

Whiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampat

Heathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inKenyaplansarebeing

drawnupforaverydifferentcamp.Lookingoutfromacliff

overthedesertsofSamburulandisastunninghotel,the01Malo

Eco-Lodge.Revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtourists

hasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfrom

over-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.More

impressivestillisthe01Maloeyeproject.Upto80percent

ofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sothe01MaloTrust

runsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheUKto

treatthem.InJanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheir

s