2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时天天练29Unit3EnvironmentalProtection新人教版选择性必修第三册

课时天天练(二十九)UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONⅠ.阅读理解A[2023·河北省部分学校高三联考]NewZealand'sgovernmentreleaseditsfirst­everclimateadaptationplan,whichincludesthepossibilityofmovingsomecommunitiestohigherground.Butthesix­yearplan,whichrunsnearly200pages,isshortofsomeimportantdetails,includinghowmuchthechangeswillcostandwhowillpay.ClimateChangeMinisterJamesShawsaidthatabout70，000coastalhomesinNewZealandwereatriskfromrisingseas,andmanymoreinlandhomeswereatriskfromfloodingrivers.HesaidNewZealandhadbeenslowtoadapttoclimatechange,whichwouldendupcostingmoremoneyovertime.“Iamfrustratedthatforthelastthreedecades,successivegovernmentshavenotpaidanyattentioninanyrealformtothechallengesthatwefacefromtheeffectsofclimatechange，”Shawsaid.TheNationalAdaptationPlanincludesthepossiblerelocationoflow­lyinghomesandassetsasrisingseasandincreasedstormsmakefloodingmorecommon.“Insomehighlyexposedareas,theriskfromnaturalhazardandclimateimpactsmaybecomeintolerable，”thereportsays.Thereportsaysthata“managedretreat(撤离)”fromsuchareaswilloftenbeconsideredalastresort,tobeusedincombinationwithotheradaptationssuchasinstallingseawallsandraisinghousesonstilts.Shawsaidthecostsforadaptationwouldbebornebyacombinationofhomeowners,insurers,banks,localcouncilsandcentralgovernment.Hesaidthegovernmentwastakinghardshipintoaccount,andwouldtargethelptothoseleastabletopayforchangesthemselves.Theplanalsoaimstomakeclimate­changedatamorewidelyaccessible,whichinsomecasescouldimpactinsuranceratesandpropertyprices.LukeHarrington,aseniorlecturerinclimatechangeattheUniversityofWaikato,saidinastatementthereportwasatimelyreminderthatNewZealandneededtodealnotonlywithrisingseas,butalsowithotherclimateimpactssuchasmoreseveredroughtsandextremerainfall.“ThisNationalAdaptationPlanisagreatfirststeptowardsdealingwithsomeofthesechallenges,thoughpaucityremainsinsomeofthedetails，”hesaid.1．WhatdoestheclimateadaptationplanofNewZealandinclude?A．Theinvestorsoftheplan.B．Thecostofcarryingouttheplan.C.Alldetailsaboutadaptingtoclimatechange.D.Movingsomecommunitiestohigherground.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldJamesShawagreewith?A．ManyNewZealanderswerethreatenedbyclimatechange.B．NewZealandhadtakenfastmeasurestoclimatechange.C．NewZealandhadinvestedmuchmoneytoclimatechange.D．Manygovernmentshavemadeeffortstodealwiththechallenges.3．Howmanyadaptationstoclimatechangearementionedinthetext?A．One. B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.4．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“paucity”inthelastparagraph?A.Satisfaction. B．Shortage.C．Attraction. D．Chance.B[2023·福建省百校联考高三上学期第一次联考]Therapidpaceofglobalwarminganditseffectsonhabitatsraisethequestionofwhetherspeciesareabletokeepupsothattheyremaininsuitablelivingconditions.Someanimalscanmovefasttoadjusttoaswiftlychangingclimate.Plants,beinglessmobile,relyonmeanssuchasseeddispersal(传播)byanimals,windorwatertomovetonewareas,butthisredistributiontypicallyoccurswithinonekilometreoftheoriginalplant.Whentheclimateinaplant'susualrangebecomeshotterthanitcantolerate,itmustfindnew,coolerareasthatmightliemanykilometresaway.Oneexplanationforlong­distanceseeddispersalisthroughtransportbymigratory(迁徙的)birds.Suchbirdsswallowseedswheneatingfruitandcanmovethemtensorhundredsofkilometresoutsidetherangeofaplantspecies.Gonzaiez­Varyandcolleaguesreporthowplantsmightbeabletokeeppacewithrapidclimatechangewiththehelpofmigratorybirds.Theauthorsanalysedthefruitingtimesofplants,patternsofbirdmigrationandtheinteractionsbetweenfruit­eatingbirdsandfleshy­fruitedplantsacrossEurope.Plantswithfleshyfruitswerechosenforthisstudybecausemostoftheirseedtransportisbymigratorybirds,andbecausefleshy­fruitedplantsareanimportantpartofthewoody­plantcommunityinEurope.Thecommonapproachuntilnowhasbeentopredictplantdispersalusingmodelsfittedtoabiotic(非生物的)factorssuchasthecurrentclimate.Gonzaiez­Varyinsteadanalysedanimpressivedatasetof949differentseed­dispersalinteractionsbetweenbirdandplantcommunities,togetherwithdataonentirefruitingtimesandmigratorypatternsofbirdsacrossEurope.TheresearchersalsoanalysedDNAtracesfrombirdwastestoidentifytheplantsandbirdsresponsibleforseeddispersal.5．Howdospeciesadapttoclimatechangeswhenit'stoohot?A．Allanimalswillmoveawayacrossgreatdistance.B．Someplantsdependonmigratorybirdstocarryseeds.C．Someplantsdependonanimals,windorwatertomove.D．Plants'seedsdispersetocoolerplacesofseveralkilometresaway.6．Whydidresearchersmainlystudyfleshy­fruitedplants?A．Mostofthesecan'tfitrapidclimatechange.B．Migratorybirdslikemakingnestsinthem.C．Migratorybirdstransporttheirseeds.D．Theyarefavouredbymostbirds.7．Whydoestheauthormention“fleshyfruits”and“fruitingtimes”inParagraph3?A．Toexplainrelationsbetweenfruitplantsandmigratorybirds.B．Toclarifythereasonwhybirdsmigrateinfruitingtimes.C．Topresentafactthatmigratorybirdeatsfleshfruits.D．Toshowthatfruitsdependonmigratorybirds.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theadvantageoffruitplants.B．Thedestinationofthebirdmigration.C.Theadaptationoffruitplantstotheclimatechange.D．Theinfluenceofclimatechangeonplantsandanimals.[答题区]题号12345678答案Ⅱ.完形填空[2023·衡水中学高三质检]IthappenedamonthafterIbeganteachingintheUS.Ihadto__1__theclassschedule.“We'llneedtopreponethequiz，”Isaid,preparingforthegroans(咕哝)frommystudents.Instead,therewasatotal__2__．Ilookedaroundtosee__3__expressionsontheirfaces—thatlookof“IhaveNOideawhatyoujustsaid，”whichstopsanyteachermid­lectureto__4__aconceptfurther.ItwasthenthatIfoundoutthat“prepone”wasnota(n)__5__wordinEnglishdictionaries.Ibelievedthatpreponemeanthe__6__ofpostpone—movinganeventtoanearliertimerather__7__anevent.SowhenIrealizeditwasn't“proper”English,Iwas__8__.Itwasagreat__9__inmylinguistic(语言的)self­image.IhadgrownupinIndia,wherefluencyinEnglishiscloselyassociatedwith__10__privilege(特权).IwasanEnglishmajorwithalargevocabulary,and__11__forreadingDickensandAusten.MycomfortwithEnglishhadshapedmysenseof__12__.Inaworlddividedintolinguistic“haves”and“have­nots”，I__13__knewIwasoneofthe“haves”．Butthatdayintheclassroom,myincomprehensibleEnglishtaughtmethatbeinganlinguistic“have”is__14__anddelusional(妄自尊大)atbest.LeavingIndia__15__meoutofmyprivilegeandopenedmyeyestotherichworldofEnglishes.1．A.meet B．designC．arrange D．change2．A.silence B．understandingC．mess D．commitment3．A.genuine B．happyC．blank D．guilty4．A.grasp B．defineC．replace D．explain5．A.useful B．simpleC．ordinary D．actual6．A.concept B．formationC．opposite D．dimension7．A.breakingoff B．puttingoffC．callingoff D．gettingoff8．A.astonished B．relievedC．excited D．disappointed9．A.reflection B．establishmentC．honor D．shift10．A.cultural B．economicC．mental D．commercial11．A.concern B．gratitudeC．fondness D．tension12．A.justice B．beautyC．duty D．self13．A.humbly B．definitelyC．possibly D．barely14．A.unusual B．unstableC．reliable D．perfect15．A.took B．cheatedC．picked D．argued[答题区]1～5________6～10________11～15________课时天天练(二十九)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。新西兰政府发布了其首个气候适应计划，其中包括将一些社区迁往高地的可能性。政府表示，气候变化的一些影响现在“不可避免”，新西兰需要为社区因海平面上升而流离失所的可能性做好准备。1．答案与解析：D细节理解题。由第一段第一句“NewZealand'sgovernmentreleaseditsfirst­everclimateadaptationplan,whichincludesthepossibilityofmovingsomecommunitiestohigherground.”可知，这个计划包括把一些社区迁到高处。2．答案与解析：A推理判断题。由第二段第一句“ClimateChangeMinisterJamesShawsaidthatabout70，000coastalhomesinNewZealandwereatriskfromrisingseas,andmanymoreinlandhomeswereatriskfromfloodingrivers.”可知，A选项“许多新西兰人受到气候变化的威胁”的观点JamesShaw会同意。3．答案与解析：C细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Thereportsaysthata‘managedretreat(撤离)’fromsuchareaswilloftenbeconsideredalastresort,tobeusedincombinationwithotheradaptationssuchasinstallingseawallsandraisinghousesonstilts.”可知，文中提到了三种适应气候变化的方式。4．答案与解析：B词句猜测题。由最后一段中“ThisNationalAdaptationPlanisagreatfirststeptowardsdealingwithsomeofthesechallenges,thoughpaucityremainsinsomeofthedetails”可知，though表示转折，表明这个国家适应计划是应对其中一些挑战的重要第一步，尽管在一些细节方面仍然“缺乏”。故画线词意思是“缺乏”。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了植物是如何适应气候变化的。5．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段中“Oneexplanationforlong­distanceseeddispersalisthroughtransportbymigratory(迁徙的)birds.Suchbirdsswallowseedswheneatingfruitandcanmovethemtensorhundredsofkilometresoutsidetherangeofaplantspecies.”可知，植物会通过候鸟迁徙将其种子传播到远方，植物通过这种方式来适应过热的气候。6．答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段“Plantswithfleshyfruitswerechosenforthisstudybecausemostoftheirseedtransportisbymigratorybirds,andbecausefleshy­fruitedplantsareanimportantpartofthewoody­plantcommunityinEurope.”可知，该研究选择将肉质果实植物作为研究对象主要是因为它们的种子是由候鸟运输的。7．答案与解析：A推理判断题。第三段首句“Gonzaiez­Varyandcolleaguesreporthowplantsmightbeabletokeeppacewithrapidclimatechangewiththehelpofmigratorybirds.”提到植物在候鸟的帮助下跟上快速的气候变化，结合本段中“Theauthorsanalysedthefruitingtimesofplants,patternsofbirdmigrationandtheinteractionsbetweenfruit­eatingbirdsandfleshy­fruitedplantsacrossEurope.”可知，本段提到“肉质果实”和“结果期”是为了找出植物的果实与候鸟迁徙之间的联系，这样候鸟迁徙才能帮助植物果实传播，从而跟上气候变化。8．答案与解析：C主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段首句“Gonzaiez­Varyandcolleaguesreporthowplantsmightbeabletokeeppacewithrapidclimatechangewiththehelpofmigratorybirds.”可知，本文主要介绍了植物是如何适应气候变化的。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我——教学经历——影响他人【语篇解读】文章主要通过讲述作者在美国的教学经历，意识到他自己的英语水平实际上并不是最好的。1．答案与解析：D根据下文“We'llneedtopreponethequiz”可知，作者是要把小测验提前，所以是改变了课程安排。2．答案与解析：A根据上文“preparingforthegroans(咕哝)frommystudents.Instead”可知，下文是和作者想象的学生会咕哝相反的景象，所以是没有人咕哝，应该是都很沉默。3．答案与解析：C句意：我环顾他们脸上茫然的表情——那是“我不知道你在说什么”的表情，这使得任何老师在上课的时候都无法进一步解释一个概念。根据下文“thatlookof‘IhaveNOideawhatyoujustsaid，'”可知，学生们不明白老师说的话，所以脸上是茫然的表情。4．答案与解析：D根据下文“further”可知，这里指进一步的解释。5．答案与解析：D根据语境可知，实际上，在英语字典里就没有“prepone”这个单词。6．答案与解析：C句意：我本认为，prepone是postpone的反义词——把一件事的时间提前而不是推迟。根据下文“postpone”可知，作者认为prepone是postpone的反义词，因为词缀pre­(前)和post­(后)就是一对反义词。