人教版英语必修三新素养讲义Unit1FestivalsaroundtheworldSectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar情态动词(Ⅰ)1．(教材P1)Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumn.2．(教材P2)Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.3．(教材P2)FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.4．(教材P2)Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets.5．(教材P2)Festivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople.6．(教材P2)AttheSpringFestivalinChina,peopleeatdumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper.情态动词的意义情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示“需要”、“可以”、“必须”、“应当”等意义。◆Wheredoeshappinessefrom?TheanswergivenbyPresidentXiJinpingmustbeencouraging.幸福来自哪里？习近平主席给出的答案一定会让人们备受鼓舞。◆(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.你应该在早晨锻炼身体，这无需理由。◆(2017·北京卷)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,caneasilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.塞缪尔在我们班个子最高，能轻易地够到书架顶上的书。(1)情态动词不能单独作谓语，除oughtto和usedto以外，情态动词后面接不带to的动词原形。(2)情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有些情态动词，如can,will,may等有一般式和过去式的变化。(3)情态动词的“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标志。不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。情态动词的基本用法1．can/could(1)表示能力，指有能力做某事。could为can的过去式。◆Inmyopinion,youcanfinishtheworkontime.依我看来，你能按时完成这项工作。(2)表示请求或允许。could比can语气更加委婉。◆Itwillbegoodforyourhealthifyoucouldsqueezesometimetotakemoreexerciseinfuture.要是你今后可以挤出一些时间多锻炼身体，这将对你的健康有好处。(3)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。◆Heissuchagentleman,sohecan’tberudetoyou.他是如此温柔的人，因此他不可能对你粗鲁的。(4)表示推测，意为“有时会”，常用于肯定句中。◆(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.生活如此忙碌，可能难以尝试并找到时间锻炼。(5)can的其他用法。①“can’t＋be/行为动词＋比较级”表示“再没有……比……更”。◆Itcannotbebettertohavesuchaniceaudiencelikeyou.有你这样的听众，真是再好不过了。②“can’t＋动词原形＋too/enough”表示“无论怎么……也不为过”。◆Whenitestomakingfriends,youcannotbetoocareful.一谈到交朋友，你再怎么小心也不为过。③“can’t＋help＋动名词”表示“禁不住做某事”。◆Onhearingthefunnystory,wecan’thelplaughing.一听到这个滑稽的故事，我们就禁不住大笑。④“can’t＋(choose/help)but＋动词原型”表示“不得不，只好”。◆Heissuchanunselfishman.Youcannothelpbutrespecthim.他是这样一个毫无私心的人。你不得不尊敬他。口诀记忆can/couldcan表能力和可以，否定、疑问(在否定句及疑问句中)表猜疑。could为can的过去式，语气比can更客气。【即时演练1】——用适当的情态动词填空①(2018·浙江卷6月)IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIhavelittledifficultymunicatingwithforeigners.②Travelingaroundcanhelpusbuildupourbodyandkeepenergetic.③Shirleycan’tbeintheclassroomnow,forIsawherinthelibraryjustnow.④Whenthegirlwasfiveyearsold,shecouldskateverywell.2．may/might(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t。◆(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Ifyou’reinterestedinit,youmayeithersendanemailto12345sina.orsignupinperson.如果你感兴趣的话，你可以发送邮件至12345sina.或亲自来注册。(2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能，也许”。用于肯定句或否定句中；might语气更加不肯定。◆Inyourlifetime,youmaysucceedatsomepointduetoyourtalentorfortune.在你的一生中，你或许会由于你的才华或运气而在某个时间点成功。(3)may和might的其他用法。①“may＋主语＋动词原形”表示祝愿。◆Mayyouhaveagoodtimeandenjoyyourstayhere.祝你玩得高兴，享受在这儿逗留的时光。②“may/mightaswell＋动词原形”表示“最好，不妨，还不如”。◆Lastly,wemayaswellwalkorcycletoschool,whichwon’tcauseairpollution.最后，我们最好走着或骑自行车去上学，这不会造成空气污染。【即时演练2】——完成句子①上床睡觉吧。或许明天我们就想出解决这个难题的办法了。Let’sgotobed.Wemay/mightworkoutthesolutiontothedifficultproblemtomorrow.②如果可能的话，你最好提前到校参观一下。Ifpossible,youmayaswellvisittheschoolinadvance.3．will/would(1)表示意愿，would是will的过去式。◆Ishallbepleasedifyouwillhelpmewithmywork.如果您在工作上帮我，我将非常高兴。◆Iwouldliketoworkasavolunteerfortheinternationalsummercamp.我想成为国际夏令营的志愿者。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。would的语气更加委婉。◆Wouldyoubekindenoughtosparesometimeforus?您可以为我们挤出点时间来吗？(3)表示习惯或特性以及自然的规律性。will用于现在，would用于过去。◆Oilwillfloatonwater.油总是浮在水面上。◆Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountryside.他住在乡下时总是早起。(4)表示推测，意为“可能，大概”。◆Askhim.Hewillknow.问他，他大概知道。【即时演练3】——意义匹配(A.意志、意愿；B.请求；C.自然规律)①Wouldyouliketotellmesomegoodideas?I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply. (B)②IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy. (A)③Thesetreeswilldiewithoutairandwater. (C)4．shall/should(1)shall①shall用于疑问句中，征求对方的意见；这时可以用第一人称和第三人称。◆ShallwegotheretogetherthisFridayafternoon?我们可以在本周五下午一块儿去那里吗？②shall用于陈述句，与第二人称或第三人称连用，表示允诺、命令、警告和强制，或表示说话人的决心等。◆AfamousquotefromtheBiblegoes，“Youshallloveyourneighborasyourself.”圣经中有这么一句名言：你要像爱自己一样爱你的邻居。(2)should①表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。◆Inmyopinion,somemeasuresshouldbetakentoprotecttraditionalcultureeffectively.在我看来，应该采取一些措施有效地保护传统文化。②表示推测，指有一定根据的推测，意为“按道理应该”。◆(2018·天津卷)Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.如果你的烟雾报警器正常运转，红灯应该亮着。③表示惊讶，意为“竟会，居然”。◆It’sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.真奇怪，他竟然未经许可就拿走了书。【即时演练4】——意义匹配(A.应该；B.征求对方意见；C．警告；D.允诺；E.可能)①Theschoolshouldmakeitaruletodrivestudentsfromtheclassroomtothelibrary. (A)②Itissuchagoodopportunitythatyoushallnevermissit. (C)③Shallwegotothetheaterthisevening？ (B)④Theyshouldbehomebynow. (E)5．must(1)must表示义务或强制。①must用于一般疑问句时，其肯定答语应用Yes,youmust.。其否定答语应用No,youneedn’t.或No,youdon’thaveto.。②must的否定式mustnot/mustn’t表示禁止。◆(2017·浙江卷6月)Aliaknewthatifthebooksweretobesafe,theymustbemovedagainwhilethecitywasquiet.Alia知道如果想要这些书安全，必须在城市安静时再转移这些图书。◆Collegesmustshapenextgenerationtoleadcountrywithsocialistvalues.大学必须用社会主义价值观塑造下一代来领导国家。◆—MustIgotherewithyou?——我必须和你一起去那里吗？—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.)——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)(2)must表示说话人有把握的猜测，仅限于肯定句。◆Theymustbeanxioustoknowtheresult.他们一定急于知道结果。(3)must表示“偏要，偏偏”。◆Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。【即时演练5】——完成句子①为解决这些问题，必须立刻采取措施。Tosolvetheproblems,measuresmustbetakenrightaway.②这些书不准带出图书馆。Thesebooksmustnotbetakenawayfromthelibrary.③在我给了她建议之后，她非要做相反的事。AfterIgaveheradvice,shemustdotheopposite.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)选词填空1．Robertisgoodatlanguagesandcan(can/must)speakfourlanguages.2．Themeetingisveryimportantandyoushould(would/should)attenditonschedule.3．Imanagedtofindthestreet,butIcouldn’t(couldn’t/mustn’t)findherhouse.4．EverySundayafternoon,theboywill(will/may)sittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgoby.5．Inhischildhood,Jackwould(would/could)benervouswhenhemetstrangers.6．—Doyouhaveanyplanforthisweekend?—Ihavenotdecidedyet.Imay(may/need)takemydaughtertothemuseum.7．Accordingtothedoctor’sadvice,themedicinemust(might/must)betakenthreetimesaday.8．Nooneshall(shall/must)stopusfromcarryingouttheplan.9．Rosecan’t(can’t/needn’t)beintheclassroomnow,becauseIsawherleaveschoolseveralminutesago.10．Janeaskedwhethershecould(must/could)takethebooksoutofthelibrary.11．Oneofthewindowsoftheclassroomwon’t(won’t/mustn’t)close,soI’llhaveitrepaired.12．Theheadteacherwarnedhimnottobelateforschool,butJackwouldn’t(wouldn’t/shouldn’t)listen.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)语法与写作1．你不许把真相告诉我的父母，否则，我会挨打的。Youmustn’ttellthetruthtomyparents,orIwillbebeaten.2．彼得是一个诚实的孩子，因此他不可能拿走抽屉里的钱。Peterisanhonestboy,sohecan’thavetakenawaythemoneyinthedrawer.3．我想提前警告你，如果你在这里吸烟的话，你会被罚款的。Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatyouwillbefinedifyousmokehere.4．你已经为考试准备了好几个月了，你理应通过考试的。Youhavebeenpreparingfortheexaminationforseveralmonths;youshouldpassit.5．耐心一点。你不能期望你的儿子一夜之间就爱上学习。Pleasebepatient.Youcan’texpectyoursontofallinlovewithstudyovernight.6．所有的孩子在5点以前就离开了校园。你儿子现在应该到家了。Allthechildrenleftschoolbefore5o’clock.Yoursonshouldbeathomenow.7．杰克来晚了。他应该向我们道歉，因为我们等了他将近一个小时。Jackcamelate.Heshouldapologizetous,becausewehavewaitedforhimfornearlyanhour.8．当你过那条马路时，你一定要小心来往的车辆。Whenyoucrosstheroad,youmustbecarefulwiththepassingcars.[学生用书P107(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)用适当的情态动词填空1．Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.2．Hesaid，“Itisjustastart,andIhopeIcanbebetterandbetterinthefuture.”3．Ijustcan’thelpthinkingofbothofyouandwanttoexpressmythankstoyou.4．Fishmustliveinwater,ortheywilldiewithoutwater.5．Astechnologydevelopsveryrapidly,weshouldlearntokeepupwiththechanges.6．WhentheBrownslivedinthecountryside,theywouldwalkinthewoodsonweekends.7．DoasItellyouandyoushallbesetfree.8．Weshouldthinkcarefullytotheseratingswheneverwegoshopping.9．Marycouldplaytheviolinwhenshewasfive.10．(2018·北京卷)SomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpfulforyou.11．WashingtonshouldknowbynowthatChinawillnevergiveaninch.12．WhenmyfatherworkedinShenzhen,hewouldgoforarunbeforebreakfast.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Duringthe15thcentury,spices(香料)fromIndiawereverypopularinEurope,however,theonlywaytotravelfromEuropetoIndiawasoverland.Thiswasalongandexpensivetrip.TheKingofPortugalrealizedifhecouldfindawaytogettoIndiabysailingontheocean,hewouldbeerichbytradingspicesinEurope.AnexplorerbythenameofBartolomeuDiashaddiscoveredtheCapeofGoodHopeatthetipofAfrica.ItwasthoughtthattheremaybeawayaroundtheCapeandtothenortheasttowardsIndia.However,manywereskepticalandthoughtthattheIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean.VascodaGama,whowasbornin1460stoawealthyPortuguesefamilyinSines,wasgivenafleetofshipsbythekingandtoldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia.Hewasalsotoldtolookforothertradingpossibilitiesalongtheway.VascodaGamaleftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon,Portugal,withfourshipsand170menonJuly8,1497.GamaandhismenroundedthesoutherntipofAfricaattheCapeofGoodHopeonNovember22.TheythenheadednorthupthecoastofAfrica.TheystoppedattradingportsalongthewayincludingMombasaandMalindi.AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa),theypickedupalocalpilotwhoknewthedirectiontoIndia.WiththehelpofamonsoonwindtheywereabletocrosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut,India,inlessthanamonth(onMay20，1498).AtCalicut,Vascoranintoserioustroublewhentryingtotrade.Hehadbroughtlittleofvalueinhisships.Thismadethelocaltradersdoubtfulofhimandverysoonhehadtoleave.Thevoyagebackwasdisastrous.Aroundhalfofhismendiedfromscurvy(坏血病)asthetripbacktookmuchlongerbecauseofthewindsnotblowinginhisfavor.However,whenhereturnedhome,hewasstillahero.HehadfoundthemuchneededtraderoutetoIndia.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skeptical”inParagraph1mean?A．Worried. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.B解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的theremaybeaway...towardsIndia和画线词后的theIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean可知，因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连，所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。2．WhatwasthemainpurposeofVascodaGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?A．TotakecontrolofIndia.B．Tocontrolthespicetrade.C．TofindatraderoutetoIndia.D．TobringbackspicesfromIndia.C解析：细节理解题。第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因findawaytogettoIndia...tradingspicesinEurope，再由第二段中的toldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia可知，达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。3．WhichistheCORRECTrouteofGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?A．Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.B．Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.C．Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.D．Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.D解析：细节理解题。由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线leftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon...rounded...attheCapeofGoodHope...AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa)．..crosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut可知答案。4．WhathappenedtoGamaandhismenwhentheystayedatCalicut?A．Theirtradingwaswell­received.B．Halfofthemgotaseriousillness.C．Theymissedthebesttimetogobackhome.D．Theywereconsideredunwelebythelocaltraders.D解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的Hehadbroughtlittleofvalue...doubtfulofhim可知，到达Calicut之后，由于船上有价值的东西太少，因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空IwasridingthetrainhomefromadowntownChicagocourtroom(法庭).Iwassittinginmyseat,intears,lookingoutofthewindow,hopingnoonewould__1__.MyhusbandandIhadjustendedourmarriage,andmyheartwasfilledwith__2__.Ihadneverfeltsofrightenedandalone.__3__，ahandappeared—thetinybeautifulhandofawoman.She__4__measmallenvelope(信封),thensmiledanddisappearedbeforeIcouldevenlookintohereyesandexpressmy__5__.Ontheoutsideoftheenvelopewerearainbow(彩虹)andasun,drawn__6__inpen.Insideitwerethe__7__wordsIhadeverread：Iknowyoudon’t__8__me,butIwaswatchingyouthere__9__，andmyheartgoesouttoyou.Knowthat__10__Iamonlyastrangertoyou,IfeelyourpainandI__11__.Itmaynotseemthatway,butthesunwill__12__againandyouwillseetherainbow.Love，SomeonewhocaresIneversawthe__13__again.Butstill,thismysterious__14__hasremaineddeepinsidemyheart.Italwaystellsmethatwearenever__15__.Inreachingouttomeinmy__16__，thiswomanfilledmewitha__17__love.Itmakesmerealizethatnomatterhowsadmylifeseemsthereisalways__18__.Andmoreimportant,heractof__19__wokemeuptotheamazingconnectionbetweenhumanbeings.IknownowifItakeoneminute,onesecond,tostopandshowloveandcaretootherswhomaybehurting,Icanmakea(n)__20__.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在作者最孤独难过的时候，她收到了一名陌生女士的信。这封信带给她莫大的温暖和希望。1．A.follow B．answerC．notice D．understandC解析：由上文中的IwasridingthetrainhomefromadowntownChicagocourtroom(法庭)．以及本句中的intears和lookingoutofthewindow可知，“我”在回家的火车上，流着泪。“我”望着窗外自然是希望没人“注意到(notice)”。2．A.sadness B．excitementC．love D．doubtA解析：由上文中的intears以及本句中的MyhusbandandIhadjustendedourmarriage可知，“我”心里很“难过(sadness)”。3．A.Certainly B．NaturallyC．Secretly D．SuddenlyD解析：一只小巧漂亮的女性的手出现了。这应该让作者感到很“突然(Suddenly)”。4．A.lent B．gaveC．bought D．madeB解析：由下文可推断，那位女士“给了(gave)”“我”一个小信封。5．A.thanks B．fearC．regrets D．supportA解析：结合上下文可知，那位女士给了“我”一个信封，信中表达了对“我”的关心，故“我”应该表示“感谢(thanks)”。6．A.carelessly B．repeatedlyC．badly D．hurriedlyD解析：由上下文可知，那位女士是看到“我”很伤心，才写了那封信，而且，当时是在火车上。因此，信封上的彩虹和太阳应该是用钢笔“匆忙(hurriedly)”画成的。7．A.wisest B．warmestC．clearest D．simplestB解析：由myheartgoesouttoyou和Ifeelyourpain以及youwillseetherainbow可知，信的内容让“我”感到很“温暖(warmest)”。8．A.know B．likeC．accept D．rememberA解析：由下文中的Iamonlyastrangertoyou可知，“我”不“认识(know)”那位女士。9．A.sleeping B．drawingC．laughing D．cryingD解析：由上文中的intears可知，那位女士看到作者在“哭泣(crying)”。10．A.because B．thoughC．unless D．ifB11．A.stop B．failC．care D．lookC解析：由上文可知，看到“我”很伤心，那位女士给“我”写了一封信。因此，“尽管(though)”那位女士不认识作者，但她能感受到作者的痛苦而且她很“在意(care)”。12．A.set B．moveC．disappear D．shineD解析：由本句中的youwillseetherainbow可知，此处表示太阳会“照耀(shine)”。13．A.man B．womanC．book D．trainB解析：由上文中的She...thensmiledanddisappeared可知，“我”再也没有看到过那位“女士(woman)”。14．A.art B．chanceC．gift D．storyC解析：结合语境，这里指的是那封信。那封信来得很突然而且是陌生人给的，所以说是神秘的“礼物(gift)”。15．A.poor B．aloneC．quiet D．stupidB解析：由上文中的Ihadneverfeltsofrightenedandalone.可知，作者感到很孤独。那封信带给了作者温暖，让她不再觉得“孤单(alone)”。16．A.danger B．angerC．tiredness D．painD17．A.strange B．greatC．crazy D．similarB18．A.pleasure B．successC．hope D．luckC解析：由上文可知，作者在伤心难过时，得到了一位女士的关心。故此处表示这位女士主动与“痛苦(pain)”中的“我”接触，带给“我”一种“强大的(great)”爱。这件事让作者明白不管自己的生活有多么悲哀，总是有“希望(hope)”的。19．A.kindness B．courageC．politeness D．patienceA解析：那位女士主动写信关心“我”，这是“善意(kindness)”的举动。20．A.offer B．decisionC．difference D．promiseC解析：作者伤心难过时，收到了陌生女士的关心，这让作者内心充满温暖和希望，也让作者明白：如果自己花上一分钟、一秒钟停下来，向那些可能正在经受痛苦的人们表示爱和关心，她也许就能改变他们的处境，故填difference。makeadifference意为“有影响，起重要作用”。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)语法填空IfyouliveinnortheasternChina,youexpectlong,coldwinters.People1.____________(live)inHarbindon’tjuststandthecold,however,theyweleit.ThecityishometotheHarbinInternationalIceandSnowSculpture(雕塑)Festival,2.____________isconsideredtobethe