国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.Cargo Transportation课件

ChapterFiveCargoTransportation国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationLearningobjectivesAfterlearningthischapteryouwillbeabletounderstandtheimportanceofoceantransportationandhowlinerfreightisobtainedknowothermodesoftransportationintermsoftheirfeatures,suitabilityandfreightcalculationbeawareoftheimportanceofoceanbillofladinganditsdifferenttypesdescribearangeofothertransportationdocumentsstipulatedeliveryclauseinasalescontract2国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1OceanTransportationLinertransportationChartertransportation3国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1LinertransportationLiner:definitionavesselwithregularsailingsandarrivalssailingonafixed(regular)sailingroutecallingatfixed(regular)baseportsadoptingacomparativelyfixedtimetablechargesatcomparativelyfixedfreightratesfreightinclusiveofloading&unloadingcostLiner:typesconferencelinersnon-conferenceliners

4国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1LinertransportationLinerFreight=basicfreightrate

+surchargesandadditionalCalculationformulaoflinerfreightTotalFreight =TotalQuantity

×BasicFreightRate

×

(1+

Surcharge/AdditionalRates)BasicFreightRate:quotedbythecarrier5国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1Linertransportation6国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1LinertransportationSurchargesBunkerSurcharge(bunkeradjustmentfactor/BAF)CurrencySurcharge(currencyadjustmentfactor/CAF)PortCongestionSurchargeTransshipmentSurchargePortSurcharge…7国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1LinertransportationAdditionalHeavyliftadditionale.g.forcargoover5MTperunitLengthycargoadditionale.g.forcargoover9mperunitBulkycargoadditionale.g.forcargoover6cbmperunit…8国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1LinertransportationFreightcalculation:IllustrationSuppose:CompanyAexports1000casesofCommodityYtoLondon.Thevolumepercaseis40cmx30cmx20cm,andthegrossweightis30kgpercase.ForCommodityY,thefreightratebasisisW/M,andtheFreightTariff(China—London)isUSD230,witha10%portsurcharge.Howmuchisthetotalfreight?

9国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.1LinertransportationSolution:W:30kg=0.03M/TM:0.4x0.3x0.2=0.024m3W>M,“W”isthefreightbasisforthecalculationoffreightTotalFreight =TotalQuantity

×BasicFreightRate×

(1+

Surcharge/AdditionalRates)

=1000cases

×0.03M/T×USD230×(1+10%)

=USD7590Answer:ThetotalfreightcostisUSD7590.10国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.2ChartertransportationCharacteristicsNofixedroutesNofixedtimetablesFreightchargedonthevolumeofcargoSuitableforcargoofacompleteshipload(e.g.bulkcargo)Typesvoyagecharter:hiredbasedonaparticularvoyagetimecharter:thehireofashipforaperiodoftimebareboatcharter:thehireofthevesselitself11国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.2ChartertransportationCharterpartythecontractbetweentheship-owner(carrier)andthecharterer(shipper)Contentsthecontractpartiestheshipconditions:e.g.theship’sname,age,nationality,tonnagevoyage:e.g.portsofshipment&destinationcharterfreightdivisionofloading&unloadingcostlaydays,demurrage&dispatchfreightpaymentterms..12国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.2ChartertransportationSpecifyingloading&unloadingcostFourmethods:I.&O.orLinerTerms/GrossTerms:InandOutF.I.:FreeInF.O.:FreeOutF.I.O.:FreeInandOutOrF.I.O.S.T.:FreeInandOut,StowedandTrimmed13国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.2ChartertransportationLaytime

alsocalledlayday,istheperiodoftimeallowedtothechartererfortheloadingorunloadingofgoods

withoutadditionalchargeMethodsofstipulation

DaysorrunningdaysorconsecutivedaysWeatherworkingdaysof24hoursAweatherworkingdayof24consecutivehours..14国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.1.2ChartertransportationDemurrage

theamountofmoneypaidasapenaltyatanagreedratebythecharterertocompensatetheship-ownerforhislossesincasethechartererfailstohaveloadingandunloadingcompletedwithinthelaytimeDispatch

theamountofmoneypaidasabonusbytheship-ownertothechartereriftheygetloadingandunloadingdoneaheadofschedule.normallydispatchmoney=½thedemurrage15国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2OthermodesoftransportationAirTransportationRailTransportation&RoadTransportationInternationalMultimodalTransportationContainerTransportation

16国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.1AirTransportationTypes

ofairtransportationscheduledairlines charteredcarriers consolidatedconsignment airexpress

17国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.1AirTransportationAirtransportationfreightrategeneralcargoratesminimumchargesclassratesspecialcommodityrates… 18国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.1AirTransportationGeneralcargoratesW:byweight(usu.1kgastheunit)M:bymeasurement(usu.6000cm3=1kg)W/M:byweightorbymeasurement,subjecttothehigher theheavier,thecheaper(unitfreight)e.g.45kgdrawsalineminimumfreight…19国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.1AirTransportationAirfreight:illustrationCompanyAwantstosendoneconsignmenttoSydney,Australia.Thegoodsarepackedin50cartons,eachweighing15kgs,withmeasurementas50x40x30cm.TheairfreightrateisquotedatUSD2.00/KG(W/M).Howmuchwouldthetotalairfreightcost?20国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.1AirTransportationSolutionW:15kgM:(50x40x30)/6000=10kgW>M,soWwillbeadoptedforthecalculationofairfreightTotalairfreight=TotalQuantity

×BasicFreightRate=50cartons×15kg

×USD2.00=USD1500Answer:thetotalairfreightcostisUSD1500.21国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.2RailTransportation&RoadTransportation

Railtransportation

fromadispatchingstationtoadestinationstationlargecapacityrelativelyhighspeedpunctualandeconomicallesspronetobadweather,butconfinedtorailroads,thereforelessflexible

22国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.2RailTransportation&RoadTransportation

Roadtransportation

fromaninlandpointtotheseaport,airportandrailwaystationhighflexibilityanddistributiveabilityfacilitatingdoor-to-doorserviceidealforcargoesinsmallquantities,butlimitedincapacityvulnerabletohighriskofpilferageanddamageintransitrelativelyhigheroperationcost23国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.3InternationalMultimodalTransportation

onlyonemulti-modaltransportationoperatoronlyonecarriagecontractonefreightrateforthewholejourneyhighoperatingefficiencylowoperatingcostshorttimeperiodforcargomovementmoreandmorepopularinshippingpractice24国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.4ContainerTransportation

Definitionamethodofdistributingmerchandiseinaunitizedformadoptinganinter-modalsystemprovidingapossiblecombinationofsea,roadandothermodesoftransportationFeaturesvarietyinservice involvingoneoperator lowriskofdamageandpilferage substantialcostsavings

25国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.4ContainerTransportation

Typesofcontainersdrycargocontainerrefrigerated/reefercontainertankercontainercarcontainerSizesofcontainersISO/TC104（13sizesof13series）Standardsizes(mostpopular)FEU8’x8’x40’TEU8’x8’x20’

26国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.4ContainerTransportation

TypesofserviceAccordingtoplaceofshipmentanddestinationCYtoCY(ContainerYardtoContainerYard)CFStoCFS(ContainerFreightStationtoContainerFreightStation)DRtoDR(DoortoDoor)DRtoCFS(DoortoContainerFreightStation)CFStoDR(ContainerFreightStationtodoor)27国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.4ContainerTransportation

AccordingtothecapacityneededFCLforgoodsoffullcontainerloadfreightbasedoncontainercapacityLCLforcargoinsmallquantity(lessthanacontainerload)Carriers’consolidatinggoodsofdifferentshipperstobedeliveredtothesamedestination28国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.2.4ContainerTransportation

ContainerfreightFCL:determinedmainlybythecapacityofthecontainertheplaceofshipmentDestination…LCL:similartothoseoftheoceanlinerserviceW,MorW/Mthedistanceofvoyage…surchargesandadditionalifapplicable29国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.3TransportationdocumentsBilloflading(B/L)Definitionadocumentissuedbyanoceancarriertoashipperwithwhomthecarrierhasenteredintoacontractforthecarriageofgoods.

Functionareceiptofcargoanevidenceofcontractofcarriageadocumenttitletothegoods30国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.3TransportationdocumentsContents

onthefaceInformationconcerningcontractedparties,fullparticularsofthecargo,termsofcarriagecontract…onthebackthegeneraltermsandconditions31国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtowhetherthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthecarryingvesselshippedB/LIssuedaftergoodsshippedonboardthevesselIndicatingdateofshipmentandnameofthevessel

receivedforShipmentB/LGoodsbeingreceivedbutnotyetloadedDifficulttoanticipatedateofarrival,sonotfavorablebybuyerWaysofbecomingShippedB/LExchangeforaShippedB/LaftergoodsareshippedonboardWordingsuchas“GoodsshippedonboardS/SRedStaronMay10,2011”addedandsignedbythecarrierortheagentonthereceivedB/L32国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtotheconditionoftheexteriorpackingofthereceivedcargocleanB/LProofthatgoodshavebeen“shippedinapparentgoodorderandcondition”or“cleanonboard”orthelikeFavoredbybuyersandbanksforfinancialsettlementuncleanB/LMarkedas“unclean”,“foul”etc.e.g..2casesmissing,3cartonswet,1casebroken,casesinadequatelypackedUsuallyunacceptabletobuyersandbanks33国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtotheaddressoftheconsigneestraightB/LMadeouttoadesignatedconsigneeOnlythenamedconsigneeisentitledtothecargoNottransferableopenB/LNonameofadefiniteconsigneeTheconsigneeboxleftblankoropen,orbearingthewording“Tobearer”CanbetransferredwithoutendorsementHighrisk→unfavorableininternationaltrade34国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingOrderB/LMadeouttotheorderofanamedpersonNodefiniteconsignee,“Toorder”“Toorderoftheshipper”or“Toorderoftheconsignee”insteadNegotiableandtransferable，butneedendorsementSpecialendorsement:signatureoftheendorserandnameoftheendorseeBlankendorsement:signatureoftheendorserbutnonameoftheendorseeWidelyusedininternationaltrade35国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtowhethertransshipmentisinvolvedintransitdirectB/Lportofshipment→portofdestinationPreferredbythebuyertransshipmentB/L

portofshipment→intermediateport→portofdestinationInvolvingadditionalcharges,longertimeandhigherrisksintransit,thereforeunfavorabletothebuyerAcceptableonlywhenthereisnodirectservice36国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtotheperplexityorsimplicityofthecontentlongformB/LdetailedshippingcontractclauseprintedonboththefaceandthebackShortformB/L

simplifiedandabbreviatednodetailedshippingcontractclauseesp.onthebacknotsuitableforevidenceofcontractofcarriage37国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtothepaymentconditionoffreightfreightprepaidB/LIssuedonlyafterfreighthavingbeenpaidNormallysuitableforSalesContractsontradeterms(e.g.CFR/CIF)wherethesellerisobligedtoarrangecontractofcarriageandpaythefreight.freighttobecollectedB/L

Wordingsuchas“Freightpayableatdestination”or“Freighttocollectatdestination”isindicatedNormallysuitableforSalesContracts(e.g.FOB)wherecontractofcarriageisarrangedbytheselleronbehalfofthebuyer38国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingaccordingtothevalidityoriginalB/LValidonlyafterbeingsingedbytheshippingcompanyoritsagentShowing“Original”andthenumberofthesignedoriginalsNormallymadeoutinasetofthreeoriginalsAnevidenceshowingtheownershipofgoodsPresentedfortakingthedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination,oneisused,theothersbecomesvoidautomaticallyCopyB/LBearing“Copy”“Duplicate”or“Non-negotiable”Normallyonlyusedforreferenceorforrecordsmadeoutinseveraltobeafullsetoftogetherwiththeoriginals39国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingStaleB/LpresentedlaterthanthelatestpresentationdatespecifiedintheL/Corpresentedlaterthanthegoods’arrivalatthedestinationUCP600:theB/Lshallbepresentedwithin21daysafterissuance,unlessotherwisestipulatedinthecreditnecessarytoaddaclausethata“StaleB/Lisacceptable”inthecontractforshortvoyages40国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingAnti-datedB/Ltheshipmentdateshownonthebillbeingearlierthantheactualoneissuedattherequestoftheshippertomeetthetimeofshipmentstipulatedinthecreditfortheavoidanceofanon-paymentconstituteafraud

41国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingAdvancedB/LissuedbeforeactualloadingofthegoodsiscompletedorevenbeforethecommencementoftheactualloadingoperationissuedwhenthetimeofshipmentstipulatedintheL/Cisalmostduebuttheactualloadingofthegoodsisnotyetcompletedorthegoodsarenotreadyforshipment.issuedattherequestofthesellerfortheavoidanceofanon-paymentconstituteafraud

42国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportationTypesofBillofLadingOndeckB/Lindicatingthatthegoodsarestowedandshippedondeckcarrierbeingresponsibleforthedamage&lossesusu.unacceptabletobuyerandbankunlessthecreditstipulatesotherwisespecialarrangementforinsuranceisneededifapplicable43国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.3TransportationdocumentsOthertypesoftransportationdocuments

SeaWaybillAirWaybillConsignmentNote(RailWaybill)RoadConsignmentNoteMultimodalTransportationDocument(MTD)

44国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.4Shipmentclauseinthesalescontracttimeofshipmentvs.timeofdeliveryforshipmentcontractstimeofshipment=timeofdeliveryforallarrivalcontractstimeofshipment≠timeofdelivery45国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.4ShipmentclauseincontractStipulatingmethodsspecifyingafixedperiodoftimeoradeadlineShipmentistobemadeduringJanuary/February/March2011Shipmentnotlaterthan31stJuly,2011settingatimeperioduponreceiptofpaymentShipmentistobemadewithin30daysafterreceiptoftheL/C.TherelevantL/Cmustreachthesellernotlaterthan30thJune,2011.46国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.4ShipmentclauseincontractIssuesconcerningtimeofshipmentSufficiencyintermsofavailabilityofgoodsavailabilityofshippingspacePaymentNormallyL/Cshouldarriveatleast15daysbeforethetimeofshipmenttoallowtimeforexaminingandmodifyingL/CFlexibility:avoid“shipmentonMay15th”Clarityavoidwordinglike“Immediateshipment”,“Promptshipment”,“Shipmentassoonaspossible”etc.47国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.4ShipmentclauseincontractIssuesconcerningportofshipmentanddestination:closetotheoriginofthegoodsconsideringportfacilities,regulations,specifictransportationconditions,chargesandpossiblesanctions..definiteandspecificbeingawareofdifferentportsinthesamename48国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪5.CargoTransportation5.4ShipmentclauseincontractPartialShipmentthecommoditiesunderacontractaretobeshippedinmorethanonelotReasonsforpartialshipmentthelackofmeansofconveyanceshippingspaceunavailablethelimitationofloadingorunloadingfacilitiesattheportofshipmentordestinationtherestrictionof