美国浪漫主义-American-Romanticism课件

美国浪漫主义AmericanRomanticismAmericanRomanticismDevelopment:stretches：fromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.started：

thepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBookended：Whitman'sLeavesofGrass.AmericanRomanticismBackgroundsNationalinfluencesInternationalinfluencesNationalInfluencesA.Inpolitics:democracyandpoliticalequality

laythefoundationofRomanticism;B.

Ineconomics:industrialism;immigrationandpioneers

pushingthefrontierwest;C.Inculture:

Webster’sDictionary

markedbeginningoftheAmericanEnglish;many

magazinesandnewspapers

appeared.InternationalInfluencesA.RomanticMovement

in

Europeinfluenceit;B.ManyEnglishandEuropeanmasters

ofpoetryandprose

impactonit

1).WalterScott:Waverlynovels,TheLadyoftheLake

2).Byron:Orientalromances3).Gothictradition.TheMainThoughts1.Pursuefor

subconscious,innerlifeandabnormalpsychology.2.Emphasizeonfreedoom,individualismandimagination

againstneoclassicism.3.Lovefornature.4.Searchfor

purebeautyandsubjectmatters.MainCharacteristics1.Americannationalexperienceof"pioneeringintothewest"isarichsourceofmaterialwritting.

2.Transcendentalism

isthemostclear.

3.Americansspeak

localdialectsinliteratureundernational

consciousness

MainCharacteristics

5.ThereisAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritagetoconsider.6.bebothimitativeandindependentasaresultoftheforeignandnativefactors.

characteristicsofAmericanRomanticismTranscendentalism1.HolySpirit2.Individuality3.SymbolismComparisonofAmericanandBritishRomanticismAmricanRonmanticismBritishRomanticismTimethefirsthalfperiodof19thcenturythelateperiodof18thcenturyWritingTechniqueafewbutabundanttraditionalmultiplecreativeSubjectsnew,passionfornatureandnationpatriotismold,criticismforcapitalisturbanizationCuturalAtmosphereMorerestrictivePuritanismrelax,norestrictivereligionAttitudeoptimismasanew-bornnationmelancholyanddepressionofBritishpoetsLiteraryFormMoreromanticstoriesthanpoemsallkindsofformsEarlyPeriodTranscendentalismLaterPeriod

TheSchoolsofAmericanliteratureTheFirstBoomofAmericanLiterature

EarlyPeriodRomanticLiterature(1810-1840)WashingtonIrving

>FatheroftheAmericanliterature>His

TheSketchBookmarkedthebeginning

ofAmericanromanticism

JamesFenimoreCooper

America’sfirstsuccessfulpopularnovelist

※TheLastofMohicans

NewEnglandTranscendentalism※ItstartedintheareaaroundConcord,Mass.byagroupofintellectualandtheliterarymenoftheUnitedStatessuchasEmerson,Thoreau

※

Theyadheredtoanidealisticsystemofthoughtbasedonabeliefin

theessentialunityof

allcreation

,theinnategoodnessofman,andthesupremacyofinsight

overlogicandexperiencefortherevelationofthedeepesttruths.RalphWaldoEmerson

Thechiefspokesmanof

TranscendentalismThepeoplewhoputforwardtheromaticismfirst

※Nature(论自然)HenryDavidThoreau>Anotherleadingtranscendentalist>Naturalist>Walden(bestwork)

AreflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundingsThesetwopeopleemphasize>thespiritualroleofpeople>thesignificanceofintuition>natureisfullofspirituality>peopleshouldreturntonatureAmerican"Renaissance"(1830-1860)LaterPeriodRomanticLiterature>NathanielHawthorne:theoriginatorofAmericanpsychologicalnovel>WaltWhitman:famouspoet,humanist

LeavesofGrass>HermanMelville:Skepticism,Pessimism

Beluga>HenryWadsworthLongfellow:Hymntothenight

※author,poet,editor,andliterarycritic※partoftheAmerican

RomanticMovement※

works：

ToHelen

TheRaven

AnnabelLeeTheFalloftheHouseofUsher（1809---1849）background

informationAnalysisindetailThetheme

ThedaughterofZeusandLedaThefamousbeautyinGreekMythThewifeofMenelaus

HelenofTroy:thedestructionofTroyHelenandPsyche

arethereflectiononthebeautyofMrs.JaneStithStanardwhowassaidtobePoe’sfirstreallove.

Helen,thybeautyistome

LikethoseNicéanbarksofyore,

Thatgently,o'eraperfumedsea,

Theweary,way-wornwandererbore

Tohisownnativeshore.Ondesperateseaslongwonttoroam,

Thyhyacinthhair,thyclassicface,

ThyNaiadairshavebroughtmehome

TotheglorythatwasGreece

AndthegrandeurthatwasRome.Lo!Inyonbrilliantwindow-niche

Howstatue-likeIseetheestand,

Theagatelampwithinthyhand!

Ah,Psyche,fromtheregionswhich

AreHoly-Land!ToHelen海伦，你的美貌于我，有如往日尼西亚的三桅船，在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，回到他故国的港湾。早已习惯于怒海上的飘荡，

你风信子似的秀发，

你闪烁着古典美的面庞，

你水精仙子般的呼吸引我还乡，

重见希腊的光荣与罗马的辉煌。看！那明亮的窗龛中间，我见你象一座神像站立，玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，哦！普赛克，你所来自的地方原是那遥远的圣地！ThebeautyofHelen(stanza1，stanza2)ThebeautyofPsyche(stanza3)Thestructurehyperbole

olfactoryimage(嗅觉意象)simileclassicandexoticAnalysisindetailHelen,thybeautyistome

LikethoseNiceanbarks

ofyore，Thatgently,o'eraperfumedsea,Theweary,way-wornwandererboreTohisownnativeshore.Rhyme:ababbAlliteration:referstoOdysseus(Ulysses)bore体现了kinestheticimage（动觉意象）stanza1stanza2OndesperateseaslongwonttoroamThyhyacinthhair,thyclassicface,

ThyNaiadairs

havebroughtmehome

TotheglorythatwasGreece,AndthegrandeurthatwasRome.

Rhyme:cdcdcparallelismandmetaphorvisualimagepunsynecdoche（提喻）这一古典美的典型部分用来代表欧洲古典美这一整体。Simile看！那明亮的窗龛中间，我见你象一座神像站立，Lo!inyoubrilliantwindow-niche

Howstatue-likeIseetheestand,

Theagate

lampwithinthyhand!

Ah,Psyche,fromtheregionswhich

AreHolyLand!Rhyme:effefvisualimagestanza3Goddessofthesoul,thewifeofCupidbutforbiddentoseeCupid’sfaceThelampthatPsychesawCupid’sfacePhysicalbeauty+SpiritualbeautyThetruebeautyBeautyreferstothewoman’sbody

aswellashersoul.

※HelenofTroy—thequintessenceofphysicalbeauty※Psyche

–GoddessofthesoulAboutthepoemThispoem,whichwasthelastonePoewrote,isbelievedbymanycriticstobeanidealizationofhiswife,VirginiaClemn.Marriedin1835attheageof13anddiedin1847.HerearlydeathmayhaveinspiredsomeofPoe’swriting.

idealization:理想化inspire:赋予灵感Itwasmanyandmanyayearago，

Inakingdombythesea，

ThatamaidentherelivedwhomyoumayknowBythenameofAnnabelLee—;AndthismaidenshelivedwithnootherthoughtThantoloveandbelovedbyme.Iwasachildandshewasachild，Inthiskingdombythesea,Butwelovedwithalovethatwasmorethanlove——IandmyAnnabelLeeWithalovethatthewingedseraphsofheavenCovetedherandme.Andthiswasthereasonthat,longago，

Inthiskingdombythesea，

那是在很多年很多年以前，在大海边一个王国里，住着位你也许认识的姑娘，她名叫安娜贝尔·李——

那姑娘她活着没别的心愿，与我相爱是她的心思。

她是个孩子而我也是孩子，在大海边那个王国里

—但我俩以超越爱的爱相爱

—我和我的安娜贝尔·李——

以一种爱连天上的六翼天使对她和我也心生妒意。而这就是原因，在很久以前，在大海边那个王国里Awindblewoutofacloud,ChillingmybeautifulAnnabelLee；

SothatherhighbornkinsmencameAndboreherawayfromme，ToshutherupinasepulchreInthiskingdombythesea.Theangels,nothalfsohappyinheaven，Wentenvyingherandme—Yes!--Thatwasthereason(asallmenknow,inthiskingdombythesea)Thatthewindcameoutofthecloudbynight,ChillingandkillingmyAnnabelLee.趁黑夜从云间吹来一阵冷风寒彻我的安娜贝尔·李；於是她出身高贵的亲属前来从我的身边把她带去。把她关进了一座石凿的墓穴在大海边的那个王国里。在天堂一点也不的天使对她和我一直心存妒意；对！那就是原因（众所周知，在大海边那个王国里趁黑夜从云间吹来一阵冷风，冻煞我的安娜贝尔·李。ButourloveitwasstrongerbyfarthantheloveOfthosewhowereolderthanwe-Ofmanyfarwiserthanwe—Andneithertheangelsinheavenabove，

Northedemonsdownunderthesea，CaneverdissevermysoulfromthesoulOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee:Forthemoonneverbeams,withoutbringingmedreamsOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee；Andthestarsneverrise,butIfeelthebrighteyesOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee；

Andso,allthenight-tide,IliedownbythesideOfmydarling-mydarling,mylifeandmybrideInhersepulchretherebythesea-Inhertombbythesoundingsea但我俩的爱远比其他爱强烈与那些更年长的人相比与许多更聪明的人相比无论是那些住在天堂的天使还是那些在海底的鬼蜮都永远不能将我俩的灵魂分开我和我的安娜贝尔·李因为当月放光华我总会梦见我美丽的安娜贝尔·李而每当星斗升空我总会看见她那明亮而美丽的眸子所以我整夜都躺在我爱人身旁,我的爱，我的生命，我的新娘在大海边她的石墓里在海边她的墓地1.Abundantrhyme2.3.Repetition4.Elementsthatcontributetothenicemelodyofthepoem:Assonance/alliteration双声叠韵Thedominantvowelsounds1.

Abundant(alotof)rhyme1)endrhyme—repetitionofsimilarsoundsattheendsoflinessea/Lee/me/we;ago/know2)internalrhyme—repetitionofsimilarsoundswithinalinechilling/killing;beams/dreams;rise/eyes;tide/side;2.

assonance/alliteration双声叠韵1)

assonance—the

repetitionoftwoormo