考研《英语一》海南藏族自治州同德县2023年统考试题含解析

考研《英语一》海南藏族自治州同德县2023年统考试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Gradythrewdownhisbackpackandslammedthecardoorshut．“Thisisgoingtobeareally1week，”hesaidunhappilytonoone2．Helookedaroundthecampground．Hundredsoftallandgreenfirtrees，someastallaschurchtowers，3themountainside，givingittheappearanceofagreencarpet．Thesunwouldbesettingsoon．Then，Gradythought，maybethe4wouldn’tbeunbearable，Butactuallyevenuphereinthe5，thehotstickinessofJulywascloselyattachedtohim．Gradyhatedcamping，butitwassomethinghisfamily6everysummer．Hisfatherlikedcookingoveranopenfire，tellingstoriesabouthowto7thingslikebearattacksandswarmsofbees．HismotherandyoungerbrotherJared1ikedtohikeandtake8ofanimals．Jaredhadacollectionofbugpicturesthathe’d9tothewallsinhishalfoftheirroom．GradythoughttheywerejustscaryandproofthatJaredwasa10kid．Theysetupcamp—two11，oneforhisparentsandoneforhimselfandJared．Whileeveryoneelsestarted12dinner，Grady，lookingforsomeplacetocooldown，setoffforthenearbystream，whichwasdeepenoughto13in．Ashe14thestream，somethingcaughthiseye．Therewasa(an)15blackbearcub—nomorethantwofeettallwithalovelyface．Itwasplayingpretty16atthewater’sedge，17itssurroundings．Gradymovedclosertogeta18look．ThenGradyheardasoundbehindhim．He19hisfathersayingthatbearcubswouldneverbe20．Thenheturnedaroundandsawthecub’smothermovingswiftlytowardshim…1、A．risky B．1engthy C．peaceful D．interesting2、A．inparticular B．inadvance C．inbrief D．insilence3、A．blocked B．reflected C．scarred D．covered4、A．dust B．campground C．heat D．sun5、A．river B．sky C．tower D．mountain6、A．believedin B．stuckto C．camecross D．livedthrough7、A．survive B．experience C．explore D．recognize8、A．care B．control C．examples D．pictures9、A．guided B．pinned C．taken D．thrown10、A．sensitive B．smart C．strange D．tough11、A．beds B．rooms C．tents D．plates12、A．altering B．hunting C．ordering D．preparing13、A．dig B．swim C．hide D．sink14、A．crossed B．imagined C．neared D．1eft15、A．adorable B．aggressive C．injured D．1arge16、A．cautiously B．joyfully C．forcefully D．nervously17、A．attacking B．destroying C．hating D．ignoring18、A．better B．brighter C．fixed D．1asting19、A．found B．1earned C．remembered D．misunderstood20、A．alone B．awake C．smart D．scaredSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Evenifyoudon'thavetowork,eatorsleep,youwon'tbeabletogetthroughallinformationonblogsandsocialnetworks.Theproblemwefaceisthatmuchofthisinformationseemsveryinterestingatfirstglance.Actually,muchoftheinformationisunimportant,disposableanditdistractsusfrommoremeaningfulpursuits.Worsestill,whenwespendlotsoftimeconsuminginformationfromoursocialmediastreams,wemayfindithardtoconcentrateonwhatwe’redoingandwehaveatendencytoforgetwhatwehaveconsumedanyway.AnewstudyfromSweden’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnologyhasfoundthattoomuchsocialmediaexposureactuallyreducesyourabilitytoprocessinformationanddepletes(耗尽)yourshort-termworkingmemory.Ourworkingmemoryplaysacriticalroleinourcapacitytofilter(过滤)informationandrememberwhatisvaluablebutitisnotalimitlessresource.ErikFransen,aprofessorinComputerScienceatKTHandtheleaderofthisisnewstudyonsocialmediaoverloadsaysthiscanexplainwhyourcapacity(容量)forprocessinginformationbeginstofailwhenweattempttoputmoreinformationintheworkingmemory.Infact,whenyoutrytoprocesstheinformationlikespeechorvideo,youaregoingtoneedpartlythesamesystemofworkingmemory,soyouarereducingyourownworkingmemorycapacity.Andwhenyoutrytostoremanythingsinyourworkingmemory,yougetlessgoodatprocessinginformation.Itistheperiodsofdowntimeofyourbrain—preferablydisconnectedfromthedistractionsofyourcomputerorsmartphone—thatareneededformemoryconsolidation(巩固)andtransferringimportantinformationtoyourexposuretonewinformation.Besides,youcanemptyyourmindofthoughtsquicklytorelaxcompletely,goforashortwalkorspendafewminuteslisteningtomusic.Thiswillhelpyouimproveyourcapacitytoprocessinformationandincreaseyourproductivity.1、WhatcanwelearnaboutsocialmediaoverloadfromParagraph1?A．Itdistractsourattention.B．Itisbeneficialtous.C．Itbringsuswhateverwewant.D．Itkeepsusinformedofeverything.2、Whydoesyourcapacityforprocessinginformationbegintofallsometimes?A．Muchoftheinformationisunimportant.B．Yourworkingmemoryisalimitedresource.C．You'relessgoodatprocessinginformation.D．Youdon'tmakethemostofyourbrain.3、Whichisrecommendedtorelaxyourbrain?A．Thinkingoverthingscarefully.B．Listeningtomusicforawhile.C．Takingenoughphysicalexercise.D．Focusingmoreonthepresent.Text2Foreightyears,AmericanAlexHonnolddreamedaboutclimbingElCapitaninYosemiteNationalParkwithoutanysafetyequipment.ButwheneverHonnoldwenttotheparkandlookedupatElCapitan,hebecamefrightened.ThatchangedlastSaturday.Honnold,aworld-classrockclimber,reachedthetopofthegreatrockwallinaboutfourhours.Heusedonlyhishandsandfeet.Heisthefirstpersonevertoclimbthe914-meterhighgranitewallaloneandwithoutropesorsafetyequipmenttocatchhimifhefell.Honnoldbeganpreparingforhishistoricclimbtwoyearsago.HeclimbedElCapitanwhilewearingsafetyequipmentcountlesstimes.Hetriedtomemorizeeveryholehehadtoholdandthepositionsofhisbody.Herepeatedtheclimbagainandagain,untilhefeltsureenoughtotrytheso-called“freesolo”climb.Themostdifficultpartofthetripisabout700metersofftheground.Atthatpoint,theverysmallholdsintherockareonlybigenoughforathumbtofit.ButHonnoldsaidtheclimbwasmorementallydifficultthanphysicallydifficult.“EachyearIwouldshowupanditwouldseemjustmuchtoodaunting,”hesaid.ObserverssayHonnold’sclimbhaspushedthelimitsinasportthatrequiresahighlevelofphysicalability,risk-takingandmentalstrength.TheclimbupElCapitanoncetookclimbersseveraldaystocompletewiththeaidofropes,safetyequipmentandapartner.Butinthepast20years,speedclimbersworkingwithapartnerandusingropeshavesetrecordsinreachingthetop.InJanuary2015,TommyCaldwellandKevinJorgesonbecamethefirstto“freeclimb”theDawnWall,averysteepclimbtothetopofElCapitan,Theyusedropesonlytocatchthemiftheyfell.Theyreachedthetopin19days.Honnoldhasanextremeabilitytocontrolfearandhisbodyforalongperiodoftime.1、What’sthemostdifficultpartofHonnold’sfree-soloclimbaccordingtohimself?A．Mentaldifficulty.B．Physicaldifficulty.C．Nosafetyequipmentandnopartner.D．Theverysmallholdsabout700metersofftheground.2、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph4?A．impressiveB．attractiveC．highD．frightening3、WhatdidobserversthinkofHonnold’sclimb?A．Theysanghighpraiseofit.B．Theythoughtitwasmeaningless.C．Theycriticizedhimforitsdanger.D．Theythoughtittooktoomuchtime.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．ElCapitanisConqueredbyHumanbeingB．ClimberReachestheTopofElCapitanWithoutRopesC．ClimberOvercomesHisFeartoLandonElCapitanD．NoOneDarestheBare-handedClimbingExceptHonnoldText3Thedangersofsittingalldayareobvious.Researchershaveshownthatremainingsittingforextendedperiodsoftime(likeatyour9-to-5deskjob)candoharmtoyourhealth.Whileexerciseisabigpartofreducingtheharmfuleffectsofsitting,itwasunclearhowmanygymperiodswereneededtohelp–untilnow.Anewstudy,publishedinTheLancet,showstheidealformulaforreducingthenegativeeffectsofasedentary（久坐的）job.Insteadofafixednumberofhoursspentexercising,theratio（比率）dependsonhowmuchyousit:peoplewhoworkatypicaleight-hourdayshouldspendatleastonehoureachdaymoving.Ifyousitsixhoursaday,youshouldspendhalfanhourexercising.Theresearchalsoindicatesthattheexercisedoesn’thavetobeallonce–orrigorous（严格的）.Itcanbespreadthroughoutthedayandbeassimpleaswalking.Theteambehindthestudyanalyzeddatafromapoolofamillionadultsovertheageof45inWesternEurope,theUnitedStates,andAustralia.Usingpreviousdata,theresearchesexamineddatafrom16publishedstudiesandusedittodeterminehowmuchexerciseisrequiredtocompensateforsitting.Theirrecommendeddailyexercisegoalishigherthanpreviousadvicebutnotnecessarilylessachievable,givenitcanbecompletedthroughouttheday.Fittinginanhourofexerciseadaysoundsespeciallydiscouragingifyouhaveadeskjob,butthereareplentyofworkoutsyoucancompletebeforeandafterwork.Evenifitmeanstakinga10-minutewalkduringlunch,yourbodywillthankyouinthelongrun.1、Theunderlinedwords“compensatefor”canbebestreplacedby________.A．makeupforB．breakawayfromC．giveupD．taketheplaceof2、Accordingtothenewstudy,goodnewsforthepeopleworkinglonghoursatdeskisthat________.A．workoutsmayreducetheharmofsittingforlongB．theharmofsittingforlonghasbeenprovedC．theydon’thavetoexerciseaslongassuggestedpreviouslyD．thetimespentonexerciseisflexible3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthearticle?A．Thebestformofworkoutsiswalking.B．Thelongeryouexercise,thebetter.C．Thenewexercisegoalispracticalthoughhigher.D．Adeskjobmakesitimpossibletoexerciseregularly.4、Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedmainly________.A．byexampleB．byprocessC．bycomparisonD．bycontrastText4RadionewsreadersandtelevisionhostsatIreland’snationalbroadcasterRTEaremostlyupinarmsatbeingtoldtopronouncewordsaccordingtotheQueen’sEnglish.AreportinTheIrishSunnewspapersaysthatRTE’sworkershavebeengivenanA-Zstyleguideofwordswhichinstructsthemonhowtopronouncecertainwordsinanefforttomakesuretheyareclearlyunderstood.TheA-Zcomeswithvideoscontaininglessonsofhowto“properly”pronouncethe“problem”words.AnofficialatRTEtoldtheIrishSunthatproducersgavetheguidetokeepupstandards.“Theguideisthereforanyonewhoneedsit.”hesaid,“RTEoftengetlettersfromthepublicoverhowcertainwordsweremispronounced.Theword‘issue’isabigoneatthemoment,peopledon’tlikehowit’spronounced.Thereisanexpectationthatasthenationalbroadcasterwearecorrect.”However,IrishlinguisticsexpertProfessorRaymondHickey,whotookthesideofmostoftheradionewsreadersandTVhosts,calledtheRTE’sactions“internalizedcolonialism(内化殖民主义)”.HeexpressedhisdisbeliefthatIrishspeakerswerebeingaskedtousewordswithanEnglishaccent.Hesaid:“ThebasicproblemisRTEexpectsitsworkerstospeakasiftheywereEnglish.Why?WehaveourownformofEnglish,whichisdifferentbutfullyreasonableandacceptedworldwide.”ProfessorHickeyspeciallytalkedofsomeexamplesofthewordsIrishhostsarebeingaskedtopronouncewithaBritishEnglishaccent.Hesaid:“TheIrishdon’tpronouncetheTH[in‘birthday’]asafricative,butasastopwithnobreath….Thesameistrueof‘news’—theIrishpronunciationisandalwayshasbeen‘nooze’.”1、WhentoldtospeaktheQueen’sEnglish,RTE’sworkersshowedgreat________.A．angerB．interestC．curiosityD．disappointment2、RTEprovidesitsworkerswithanA—Zstyleguideinorderto________.A．instructthemtopronounceclearlyB．keepuppronunciationstandardsC．meettheirworkdemandsD．makesurethatthepublicarecorrect3、What’stheofficial’sinsintensionofmentioningthelettersfromthepublic?A．Towarmthenationalbroadcasterofthemispronunciation.B．Toshowhow“problem”wordsaremispronounced.C．ToexplainwhyRTEtaketheactions.D．Toprovethepublicarebelievable.4、AccordingtoProfessorRaymondHickey,theRTE’sactions________.A．arereasonableandacceptableB．areimpracticalandfoolishC．willwintheIrishtrustD．makenosensePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)段落语法填空Ican’trememberthelasttimesomeoneaskedmetowritebackWedon’twritelettersanymoreThestrongfeelingof1．(excited)isgone;there’sneveranythinggoodinthemailWeknow2．isinthemail–advertisementsandcirculars(印刷信函)WhenIwasyoung,myfamilyonlymoved200miles,butitseemedlikewehadbeenseparatedfromfriendsandallthingsfamiliarbytwocontinentsandanoceanLongdistancephonecallswererareandexpensivethen,mostoftenkeptforemergencies3．badnewsButpeoplewroteBothofmygrandmothers,andtwoofmygreat-auntswroteto4．(I)Itwasspecialthatsomeonetookaninterest5．ahomesickkidThatsomeonewouldtakethetimetosharetheirlivesandinquireaboutminereally6．(mean)alotMymotherwasagreatletterwriterIlookedforwardtoherletterswhenIlefthome,wenttocollegeandthentraveledacrossthecountry7．(work)newspaperjobsWhenImarried,hadchildrenandmovedagain,stillfarfromhome,shewrote8．(faith)LetterswereawayofclosingthedistanceBackthen,letterwriterswerestorytellersbecausetheywere9．(observe)oftheworldaroundthemAsphonecallsbecame10．(afford),thencheap,theflowofletterssloweddownandeventuallystoppedThehistoryofcomputerbeganin1642asacalculatingmachineinFranceItcould1．(simple)difficultsumsThecomputerdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyears2．itwasbuiltasan3．(analyze)machineIn1936,AlanTuringwroteabookabouthowthecomputercouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”4．(solve)anydifficultmathematicalproblemsAtthebeginning,thecomputerwasaslargeasaroomThisrealityworriedthedesignersWithtime5．(go)by,itbecamesmallerandsmallerand6．memorydevelopedagreatdealWithartificialintelligence,itisgettingclevererandcleverer,quickerandquickerIn7．early1960s,computerscouldbeconnectedbyanetwork,whichenabledtheiruserstoshareinformationwithothersSincethe1970s,computershavehadmanynew8．(apply)andbecomeveryimportantincommunication,finance,tradeandbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMarsSinceitsbirth,thecomputer9．(design)toservethehumanraceandprovidedhumans10．alifeofhighqualitySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Campingessentials(必需品)Campingcanbeafunandcheapfamilyactivityorvacation.Butyoudoneedquiteafewsuppliestomanagelifeinthegreatoutdoors.1、.Andremembertocheckyourcampingessentials.TentUnlessyou’resleepingunderthestarsoryouhaveacamperoranRV,don’tforgettheobviousone:atent!Checkthemeasurementsanduserreviewswhenyouarebuyingone.SleepingBagandPillowEveniftheweatherlookshotforyourcampingtrip,bringasleepingbagforeverycamper.Withoutapillow,youwouldbefacingarockynight’ssleep.2、.3、Flashlightsareanothercampingitem.Bringmultipleflashlightsandextrabatteries,andalsoconsiderbuyingacampinglantern.Lanternsaregreatbecausetheyshedmorelightinalldirectionsandstandontheirownsothatyoucanplaycardsorgamesatnight.TheAnti-itchCreamKeepawayfrommosquitoes,blackfliesandotherbiters.Don’tforgettheanti-itchcreamtoapplyafterinsectbites.4、.Askdoctorsforwhichproductstouse.CampfireSuppliesMatchesstoredinaplasticbag,dryfirewoodanddrynewspapersareallyouneedforacampfire.5、.Eachcampfireshouldhaveitsownstonecampfirespotandmanyalsoprovideacast-ironshelfforcookingon.Inaddition,thereareothercampingessentials,suchaskitchenitems,bottledfoodandwater,toiletpaper,first-aidkits,andbooksandgames.Alltheabovecanenrichyouroutdoorcamping.A．CardsorgamesB．FlashlightsandlanternsC．KidsalsolikehavingapillowforthelongcarrideD．Bringclothesforalltypesofweather,fromhottorainydaysE.Findoutwhatyou’llneedtopackforyourcampingadventureF.YouandyourkidscandoaquickhuntfordrywoodforyourfireG.Justkeepinmindthatmanysprayscontainhighlevelsofchemicals根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，。选项中有两项为多余选项。Withthesummerholidayjustaroundthecomer,itseemslikeeverybodyisbusyplanningtheirvacations.Hereansometipsthatcanhelpyouenjoyyourholidaywithoutemptyingyourpocket:Traveloff-seasonGotoyourdesireddestinationwhilethedemandislowandtakeadvantageofhugediscounts.Duringthepeakseason,thehotelandflightpricesincreasequickly,andyou