高考英语热点专题复习 第二部分 知识运用专题四 语法填空试题

专题四：语法填空一、考点精要【授之以渔】语篇型语法填空题题型特点：语法填空同时具有单项选择和完形填空两种题型的特点。单项选择侧重考查学生对于基础知识的掌握程度,特别是词汇和语法知识,但它局限于考查词汇和语法知识在简单句子中的意义,对学生语言知识实际运用能力的考查有限。和单项选择相比,语法填空则侧重考查语言知识在具体篇章中的意义,更加强调语言的交际功能。新题型语篇填空充分体现了高考命题的原则：“突出语篇，注重交际，讲究灵活，强调应用”。语篇语法填空题的命题点：（1）给提示词词性转换以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀；也有加前缀的情况动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词、不定式、-ing形式、过去分词名词数、格形容词比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变副词比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变（2）不给提示词连词从属连词、并列连词代词人称、非人称(it)、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、关系、连接、不定介词简单、合成、短语冠词定冠词、不定冠词副词疑问、连接、关系、时间、地点、方式、程度、句子、承接新题型考查特点：语法填空题主要考语法，还考词汇和语用知识。1.内容覆盖面广，考查范围均为大纲中所列的所有语法项目——包括动词非谓语形式、时态、被动语态、情态动词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、从句、倒装、习惯表达法等；2.重点突出，强调动词的考查；3.突出语境的作用，提供语境间接考查语言知识的运用。4.10个空白处主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连接词等；5.其中有3～4个空白处要求使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，主要考查对动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词形式和构词法等知识的掌握情况。考点1.给提示词【巧点妙拨】1.提示词是动词当括号内提供的是动词时，主要判断其是谓语还是非谓语。(1)当考查的是谓语时，首先要判断其时态和语态。例1.SinceHongKong____(rejoin)Chinain1997,morestudentsfromtheChinesemainlandhavechosentostudythere.答案：rejoined解析：此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态havechosen及从句的时间状语in1997，此空动词应该是一般过去时态。(2)如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分，根据不同成分使用适当的形式，其中使用-ing形式和-ed形式居多，有时也考查todo等形式。例2.Tenyearsago,Jessicawasonly13.________(live)withherparentsinHongKong,sheknewlittleputonghua.答案：Living解析：此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。2.提示词是形容词或副词如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词，比较级或否定形式。例3.“Thirty-fivecents，”shesaid________(rude).答案：rudely解析：此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。例4.Atlast,hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrinceton答案：wisdom解析：括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。3.提示词是名词当括号内提供的是名词时，一般考查其形容词形式，但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。例5.There,myvoicesoundsreally__________(wonder)becausethere’saslightechotoit.答案：wonderful解析：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。例6.Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit________(faith)andbeforeitblossomed,heexaminedit.答案：faithfully解析：括号内提供的是名词，但此空是作状语，修饰动词water，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。考点2.不给提示词【巧点妙拨】纯空格需要填的词，主要是连词（连接代词，连接副词，关系代词、关系副词）、介词、代词、(人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、it）、冠词等。1.缺主语或宾语，一定填代词。例IcansendamessagetoJanewheneverIwanttoand____getstherealmostinasecond.答案：it解析：it指代amessage。2.名词前面若没有限定词（冠词、物主代词、不定代词），很可能是填限定词。例Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynastywasveryanxioustohelp_____ricecropgrowup.答案：his解析：his指代“那个急性子人的”。3.名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，其前面一定是填介词。...whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingme______guestintheirhouse.答案：as解析：as意为“作为”。4.若两个句子如果没有分号或句号，很可能根据上下文逻辑填连词或从句引导词。例1.Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays________IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.例2.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,_____hefeltveryhappy.例3.However,Chenhong,______graduatedfromHongKong答案：1.before2.but3.who解析：1.before意为“在……之前”。2.根据句意可知前后两句话为转折关系。3.who引导非限制性定语从句。5.根据固定搭配、典型句型、特殊句式来判断空格应填的词。例1Volunteers'workplaysanimportant______inAmerica’shighschooleducation.例2...and_______wasonlyafterhelefthomethatherealizedtheimportanceofhisfamily.例3.Thismadethegoatsojealous____itbeganplottingagainstthedonkey.例4._____withhardworkcanyouexpecttoimproveyourEnglish.答案：1.part/role2.it3.that4.Only解析：1.考查固定短语：playapart/rolein。2.考查强调句。3.考查so…that…句式。4.考查“only+状语”放在句首的倒装。二、典题对应【名师坐堂】该题型会以考生常犯的语法错误为基础来设置。但是只要我们清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和规律，掌握一定的解题技巧，同时在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，在考试中就能提高这一题型的准确率。解题记住以下四部口诀：一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。典题1.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62(actual)caughtfireandburned….Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofus69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70(patience).（2014年全国卷）答案：62.actually68.amazing69.changes70.patient典题2.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64evenafewmonths…..Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.(2014年全国卷)答案：64.or67.that/which三、命题趋向语法填空的命题规律主要体现在：（1）从句子结构和语法知识入手，（2）从词性变化和固定搭配入手，（3）从语境线索和关键信息入手。Eleven-year-oldAngelawasstrickenwithadiseaseinvolvinghernervoussystem.Thedoctorsdidnotholdoutmuchhopeofhereverrecovering1thisillness.Theypredictedshe’dspendtherestofherlifeinawheelchair.2Angelafirmlybelievedthatshewasdefinitelygoingtobewalkingagainsomeday.Thedoctorswerecharmedbyher3(defeatable)spirit.Theytaughtheraboutimaging—aboutseeingherself4(walk).Angelawouldworkashardaspossibleinphysicaltherapy(理疗),lyingtherefaithfullydoingherimaging,visualizingherselfmoving,moving,moving!Oneday,5shewastrainingwithallhermighttoimagineherlegsmovingagain,6seemedasthoughamiraclehappened:thebedmoved!Shescreamedout,“LookwhatI7(do)!Look!Look!Icandoit!Imoved,Imoved！”Ofcourse,8thisverymomenteveryone9inthehospitalwasscreaming,too.ItwastheSanFranciscoearthquake.Butdon’ttell10toAngela.She’sconvincedthatshedidit.Andnowonlyafewyearslater,she’sbackinschool.Onherowntwolegs.答案：1.from2.But3.Undefeatable4.walking5.as6.it7.amdoing8.at9.else10.that/it解析：靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。1.fromrecover。fromanillness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。2.But。与前句是转折关系。3.undefeatable。在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示“不败的”，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。4.walking。seesbdoing“看见某人在做某事”。5.as。as表示“正当……时”。6.it。句式搭配：itseemsasif/asthough...仿佛是……。7.amdoing。句意：看，我在做什么！8.at。atthisverymoment意为“此刻”。9.else。用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示“其他的”，用else。10.that/it。替代前文说的地震这回事。四、直击高考语法填空专练一TheInternethasbecomepartofyoungpeople’slife.1reportshowsthat38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget2(use)informationontheInternet3usetheInternettohelpintheirstudies.Butmanystudentsdon’tuseit4agoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,somevisitwebsitesshouldn’tlookat.Sobadthingsmayhappen6studentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.

7isimportantforstudentstousetheInternetproperly.Nowwehaveatextbook,8usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.Somestudentsalsomake9ontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face10(meet)withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.语法填空专练二Doyoufeel

1difficulttobehappyallthetime?NowI’llgiveyousometips

2howtomakeyourselfhappy.Onewayisbeing

3(self)becauseunselfishnessisthekeyfactor

4(require)ifyouwanttogetalongwellwithothers.By

5(say)beingunselfishwemeanwe

6notwanteverythingourownwayordemandthebestshareofeverything.Anotherwayistolookforgoodpointsin

7people.You’llfindmostpeoplepleasanttogowithanditwillsurelymakeyouhappy.Third,youcannotexpecttobetooperfect,

8don’tbetoounhappywhenyoumakeamistake.EverythingwillbeOKifyoutrytomakethingsright.Finally,itisimportanttorememberthatwhileyouarenot

9(bad)thanothers,chancesyouhavemaynotbemuchbetter.Inthiscase,

10surestwaytobehappyistothinkyourselfaboveotherpeople.语法填空专练三Wemaybevery

1(please)withtherapidprogresswehavemadeineveryfieldofstudy,butwehavealmostdonenothingtoimproveourpresent

2(exam)systemswhichfocus

3testingthestudents’memoryinsteadoftheir

4(able).Assoonasachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofexamination

5willdecidehisfutureofjob.Infactagoodexaminationstystemshouldencouragestudentstothinkforthemselves.Buttheexaminationnowdoesanythingbutthat.Itforcesthestudentstoremember

6istaughttogethighmarks.Thusthestudentswhocomeoutfirstintheexaminationoftenmaybethe

7(good)intheirstudies.Inaddition,such

8examinationsystemoftendrivesteacherstocramallthetimeandforcesthemtotrainstudentswhattodowiththe

9(come)examination.

Theremustbeabetterwaytotestastudent’strueabilityas

10astheirknowledge.语法填空专练四MoreAmericanpeopletaketheirtroubleswiththemonholiday,according

1anewsurvey.Although40percentsaidthatthemainreasonforgoingawayistoescape

2(press)fromwork,almostallsaidtheyworrymore

3theydoathome.Onlyfourineveryonehundredsaidthattheyarehappyandfreeofcare.Themostcommonworryisburglary（入室盗窃）,withfouroutoftenworryingabouttheirhomes

4(break)intowhiletheyareabroad.Morethanaquarterfeeltheywillfeelcrazy

someothernoisyandroughholiday-makersandtwenty-twopercentworrytheymaybeattacked

6theirpossessionswillbe

7(miss).Thesurveyalsoshowed

8thestay-athomeAmericansarenomore.Threeoutofeveryfivewanttohaveaholidayabroad,whichwas

9increasefromthefiguresonlythreeyearsago.Thehotelholidayisstillawinner,withaboutonethirdofallAmericans

10(prefer)togoonaself-catering（自助）holiday.语法填空专练五ManyChinesebelieve

1(eat)pigbrainswillincreasetheirintelligenceandsomeAmericansregularlyeat

2(cook)eggstokeeptheirmindssharp.

3,doctorsdon’trecommendtoeat

4raweggsoranimalbrains.Then,whatfoodisgoodforyourbrain?Scientistshavefound

5relationship

6dietandahealthybrain.Generallyspeaking,fishisabrainfood.Besidesfish,youshouldintroducelotsofdarkgreenleafyvegetablesandcolorfulfruitsintoyourdiet

7mostpeoplelackthespecialvitamins

8thesebrainfoodprovide.Ifyoueatbrainfoods

9(regular),theycanincreasebrainpower—helpyoupayattention,keepyoumotivated,improveyourmemoryand

10(less)stressfromstudies.Thenyoucandomuchbetterinyourtest.语法填空专练六Millions

1wordshavebeensaidaboutyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates.Therearereasonsforthisgreatinterestintheirideas,

2(feel)andactions.TodaythereareabouteightmillionAmericansinthecollegesanduniversities.Theyoungundertwenty-fivemake

3nearlyhalfoftheAmericanpopulation,manyof

4will

beinpowerintheU.S.

5(nature),theirideasareimportanttoeveryoneinthecountry,and

6isnecessaryfortheolderpeopletounderstand

7theythinkandfeel.Collegestudentstodayhavestrongopinionsaboutrightand

8.Theyaredeeplyinterestedinmakinga

9(good)lifeforallthepeople,especiallyforthosewhohavenever

10(give)fairchancebefore.语法填空专练七Nowadays,manycitiesaresufferingfromsmog,theshortformofsmokeandfog.Itisespeciallyharmfultochildren,seniors,pregnantwomen,smokersandpeople

1lungorheartproblems.Animportantcomponent(成分)ofsmogisground-levelozone(地面臭氧).Actually,ozonethatisformednaturallyintheatmosphere

2(protect)lifefromthesun’sdamagingrays.Atgroundlevel,however,ozonehurtspeople’seyes,nose,andthroat,whichcanmake

3moredifficultforthebodytofightagainstan

4(infect).Whentheamountofground-levelozoneincreases,sodoes

5numberofemergency-roomvisits.Theothercomponentisfineparticulatematter(细颗粒物).The

6(small)theparticle(particulatematter2.5,PM2.5),themoredangerousitcanbe.Whenpeopletakeinozoneandparticulatesfromtheair,boththebloodflow

7theoxygensupplytotheheartwillbereduced.Withsuchunhealthyairquality,somesimplewaysarerecommendedforyou

8(reduce)higherriskofhealthproblems.Onsmoggydays,spendlesstimeoutdoors.Ifyouhavetogetoutside,closeallyourwindows

9yougoout.Besides,rollupthewindowsof

10carifyouaredriving.语法填空专练八Lifeisdifficult.Butlifeisnolongerdifficultoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit.Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.

1theycomplainabouttheirproblemsanddifficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthatdifficultiesrepresent

2specialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamilies,theirclass,oreventheirnation.

3makeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblems

4painful.Problems,

5(depend)ontheirnature,causeussadnessorlonelinessorregretorangerorfear.Theseare

6(comfort)feelings,oftenasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblems,lifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.Yetitisinthiswholeprocessofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfrom

7(fail).Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofthehumanspirit,weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblemsjustasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildren

8(solve).It'sthroughthepainofmeetingandworkingoutproblems

9welearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaid,“Thosethingsthathurt,instruct.”Itis

10thisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelcomethepainofproblems.语法填空专练九Alongtimeago,therewasahugeappletree.Alittleboycameand

1(lie)underiteveryday.Hewouldclimbtothetreetop,eattheapples,andtakeanap

2theshade.Helovedthetreeandthetreelovedtoplaywithhim.Inthe

3(follow)years,theboycameandcutthebranchestobuildahouse,usedthetrunkon

4heusedtoclimbtomakeaboatandthennevershowedupforalongtime.Finally,theboyreturned.“Sorry,myboy,

5Idon'thaveanythingforyouanymore.Nomore

6(apple)foryou...”Thetreesaid.“Idon'thaveteeth

7(bite),”theboyreplied.“Nomoretrunkforyoutoclimbon.”“Iam

8oldforthatnow,”theboysaid.“Ireallycan’tgiveyouanything...theonlything

9(leave)ismydyingroots,”thetreesaidwithtears.“Idon'tneedmuchnow,justaplacetorest.I’mtiredafteralltheseyears,”theboyreplied.“Good!Oldtreerootsare

10bestplacetoleanonandrest.Come,come,sitdownwithmeandrest.”Theboysatdownandthetreewasglad,smilingwithtears.语法填空专练十WhenGeorgeandhiswifeleftthesupermarket,theyweresurprisedtofindthattheirnewcar

1(steal).Theyfiledareportatthepolicestationandadetectivedrove

2backtotheparkinglot

3(look)forevidence.Totheir

4(amaze),thecarhadbeenreturned

5therewasanoteinitthatsaid:“Iapologize

6takingyourcar.Mywife

7(have)ababyatthatmomentandIhadtorushhertothehospital.Pleaseforgetthe

8(convenience)wemadetoyou.Therearetwoticketsfortonight’sManiaTwainconcert.Hopeyoutwowillenjoyit.”Theirfaithinhumanityrestored.Thecoupleattendedtheconcert.But

9theyreturnedhome,they

10(immediate)foundthattheirhousehadbeenransacked(洗劫).Onthebathroommirrorwasanothernote:“Ihavetoputmykidthroughcollegesomehow,don’tI?”语法填空专练十一M:MichelleD:DrakeD:Michelle,whyareyoudancing?Ithoughtwehadtostudyforourmathtest!M:Oh,hi,Drake!Iwasdoingsomeexercisejustnow.Ithoughtyoumusthavebeen1(stick)intheheavytrafficforitwastherushhour.Letmeturnthemusic2.D:Youexerciseby3(dance)?Ithoughtthingslikerunningandbicycling4(consider)exercise.M:Well,thoseareothergoodwaystoworkout,butIliketodance.Itisfuntomovearoundtomusic,andyoucan5(sure)workupasweat.Doyouliketodance?D:Yes,Ido,6Iamnotaverygooddancer.Forexercise,Ipreferplayingsoccer.Guesswhat?I7(play)inamatchthistimenextSaturday.M:Cool!Iknowyouliketogototheparkontheweekendandplaysoccer.Maybeyoushouldtrydancing,andIwilltryplayingsoccer.D:Doyouknowhowtoplaysoccer?8isreallyveryeasytolearnonceyoutry.M:Ican’tplaysoccerverywell,eventhoughIusedtoplayalotwhenIwasakid.9youteachmesomeofyoursoccermoves,I’llteachyousomedancemoves!Howdoesthatsound?D:It’s10deal.Ifitweren’tforthemathtesttomorrow,wecouldgotothegymrightnow.M:Right.Nomorefunandgames.Letmegetmynotebook.语法填空专练十二（潍坊2015.2）MorethanhalfamillionSouthKoreanstudents

1(recent)tooktheuniversityentranceexamination.Manypeopleconsidersuccessonthistestthefirststeptowardagoodlife.ButSouthKoreanstudentssaytheyfeelstressedfromthepressure.SouthKoreanhighschoolstudentsspendyears

2theirstudyfortheuniversityentranceexamination.Thetestismultiplechoice,

3(mean)thatthestudentmaychooseamongseveralpossible

4(answer)toaquestion.ArecentgovernmentstudyhasfoundthatSouthKoreanchildrenare

5leasthappycomparedtochildrenin29otherdevelopedcountries.ManySouthKoreansowethis

6(unhappy)totheeducationalpressure.SouthKoreanPresidentParkGeun-hye

7(promise)toreformhercountry'seducationalsystemtwicebynow.Sheurgesthesystem

8(increase)creativethinkingandreducestudentpressure.Still,gettingSouthKoreanparentstoeasethepressureontheirchildrenmightnotbesoeasy.Amothersayssheisnotwillingtoputsomuchpressureonherdaughter.However,thefiercecompetitionmakes

9impossibleforparentsnottodoso.Fornow,

10theparentscanexpectisthatthepressurebringsgoodresults.语法填空专练十三（2014年全国卷II）Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout1(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,2someofthemlookedveryanxiousand3(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext4thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike5(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused6(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept7(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“8anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It’s9(I)”.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers10(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.语法填空专练十四MyfavoritemovieisaboutarobotnamedAdams,

1isadaptedfromasciencefiction.Heworksasasmartemployeeinacomputercompany.Hecando

2(vary)jobs.Heisabletomaketothecomputerswhentherearefailures.Helookssocoolthatheevengreetsvisitors

3behalfofthecompanyandheneverforgetstoexpressthehopeof

4(see)thecustomersagainwhentheygooutofthecompany.SometimespeoplecometothecompanyspeciallytoseeAdamsforthemselvesandfindachancetohave

5talkwithhim.Consequently,thecompanygains

6(many)customersthanothercompanies.ThereforeAdamswins

7(appreciate)fromhisbossandcolleagues.Adams

8(possess)humanemotions,evenshowingsympathyforthosewith

9(disable).Heis“warm-hearted”andcanhelppeopleinmanyways.Hedoeswhathecan

10(help)thoseinneed,forhecan’thavehumanssufferingpains.IenjoythemovieandIbelieverobotsarefriendsofhumans.语法填空专练十五（2014年广东卷）Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths2（early）,butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We3（tell）thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,4fortheweekafter.Ididn’tunderst