考研《英语一》沙河口区2023年深度预测试卷含解析

考研《英语一》沙河口区2023年深度预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege，Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I1theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto2afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t3enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour4wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which5Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's6.Icouldhardlywaitto7him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis8wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit9thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto10theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto11whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,12,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat13andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe14.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe15me:“Theabsolutemostimportant16thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood17.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto18asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手）isdoingand19thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy20asajournalist.1、A．putforwardB．jumpedatC．triedoutD．turneddown2、A．wasteB．earnC．saveD．pay3、A．excitedB．worriedC．movedD．tired4、A．titleB．competitorC．textbookD．instructor5、A．urgedB．demandedC．heldD．meant6、A．fastestB．easiestC．bestD．rarest7、A．interviewB．meetC．challengeD．beat8、A．chanceB．qualificationC．honorD．job9、A．realB．perfectC．clearD．possible10、A．attendB．passC．skipD．observe11、A．addB．exposeC．applyD．compare12、A．eventuallyB．naturallyC．directlyD．normally13、A．gameB．presentationC．courseD．experiment14、A．criterionB．classroomC．departmentD．situation15、A．taughtB．wroteC．questionedD．promised16、A．factB．stepC．mannerD．skill17、A．gradesB．decisionsC．impressionsD．comments18、A．analyzeB．describeC．rebuildD．control19、A．announceB．signalC．blockD．evaluate20、A．roleB．desireC．concernD．behaviorSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm(算法)”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.Asthefieldofanimalcognition(认知)appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.Buthowevertheyperceive(感知)orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.1、Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?A．Memory.B．Movementrules.C．Rewardcalculating.D．Informationprocessing.2、Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?A．Math.B．Biology.C．Ecology.D．Psychology.3、Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?A．Bysettingthemfree.B．Bymovingflowers.C．Bymatchingview.D．Bymakingmaps.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HummingbirdsandBeesB．HummingbirdsintheLabC．NewTrendsinStudyingBeesD．ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBeesText2Howmanytimeshaveyoucomebackandfeltterriblytired,feelinglikeyourheadisgoingtoexplode?Soundsfamiliar,right?Well,thereareseveralwaystoreducethefrequencyofheadaches,andthoseare:eatingbalanceddietthroughtheday,makingsureyourbodyiswellhydrated(保持身体水分);gettingsomeexercisetoremovethenegativeenergy,likehelpingyourselfwithashortmassage(按摩）onyourhead.However,preparinganeasyrecipewillinstantlyputasmileonyourfaceafteryourworkday.Youwillneedthesesimpleingredients(配料)topreparethemagicaldrinkwhichwillstopyourheadache:Lemonjuice;2teaspoonsofsalt(preferablyhighqualitysalt);1cupofwater.Directions:Squeeze2lemons.Pourthelemonjuiceintoacupandadd2teaspoonsofsalt.Mixthetwoingredients.Addacupofwatertothecontent.Drinkthemixturequikly.Howwillthisdrinkworkandwhatarethebenefitsofitsingredients?Salt:Hereiswhatsaltdoesforyourbody:--regulatesyourbloodsugar.--balancesthesugarlevels;--benefitsnervecellsforcommunicationandinformationprocessing;—obtainsacidityfromyourbody’scells,especiallybraincells;—worksasastronganti-stresselementforthebody;—addsenergyinyourbody'scells.LemonJuice:Thisexcellentjuice,fullofvitaminCandanti-poisons,willreleaseallpoisonoussubstancesfromyourbodyandgiveyouasenseoflightness.Here’showthelemonwillhelpyoueaseyourheadacheandmaintainwell-beingtoyourwholebody:—balancesthepHlevelsinyourbody;—protectsyourimmunesystem;—nourishesyourbrainandnervecells;—reducesinflammation(炎症)inyourwholebody(theheadacheisatypeofinflammation,sothelemonjuicefightsagainstit).Water：Waterisimportantforhydratingyourwholebody,includingyourhead.Manyofyourdailyheadachesmaybecausedbydehydratation(脱水)，sokeepinmindthatyoushoulddrinkplentyofwaterthroughouttheday.1、Howmanywaysarcmentionedinthetexttohelprelieveheadaches?A．Two. B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.2、Whatdolemonjuiceandsalthaveincommoninfightingagainstheadaches?A．Bothcanbenefitournervecellsalot.B．Bothcankeepoursugarlevelsbalanced.C．Bothhavenoeffectonourimmunesystem.D．BothbalancethepHlevelsinourbody.3、Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetextis.A．toexplaintousdifferentreasonsforheadacheproblemsB．togivereadersadviceonhowtoavoidheadacheproblemsC．towarnreadersofthebadinfluenceofheadacheproblemsD．toofferananti-headacherecipeandthebenefitsofitsingredientsText3NatalieTraylingisafamousstreetartistinMelbourne.Atfirst,thosewhohappenedtopassbyherandsparesomechangedidn’tevenrealizewhatamusicalgeniuswasplaying.TheemotionaltunewasnotonlymasterfullyplayedbutalsocomposedbyNatalieherselfwhenshewasonly14.Gradually,aslongassheappears,peoplewillstop,absorbedinhermusic.Hermusicmakesyouthinkaboutcalmness,thegoodthingsinlife,andnevergivingup.Butwhatpeopledonotknowisthatbehindthebeautifulmusicoftheoldwoman,itisfullofbitterness.Attheageof12,shewonamusicscholarshipatSantaMariaCollege.At15sheknockedbackascholarshiptotheRoyalAcademyofMusicinLondonbecauseherparentscouldn’tpaynon-tuitioncosts.Whensheleftschool,shetaughtpianoatSantaMaria.Latershemetherhusband,Denis.Theyhadfourchildren,butthetwoofthemdied.In1984,Denisaskedforadivorce.Natalie’sson,Nathan,wasgivenmedicationfordepression.NatalielivedeitheroutdoorsinRoyalParkorinboardinghousesfornineyears.Inlate2003Nataliecollapsedwithanaemia(贫血)andwashospitalizedforsixmonths.Forhalfacentury,Nataliehasbeenteasedbyfate.Butevenso,shenevergaveupherloveformusic.Whenaskedwhythemusicwassoimportanttoher,shesaid:“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”WhenNataliewentontheInternet,shebecameasignofMelbourne.Peopleareimpressedbyherpersistenceindreamsandtheoptimismoflife.Nowsheisnolongerwanderingaround.Shecanplaythepianoatanytime,butaslongastheweatherisgood,shewillwalktothestreetsofMelbourne,andplayatouchingmelodyfortherushofthecity.1、WhyisNatalie’smusicsotouchingtothepassers-by?A．Itisfullofbitterness.B．Shecomposeditherself.C．It’sareflectionofherownlife.D．Itremindsofthebeautyoflife.2、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“knockedback”inParagraph2?A．gaveupB．obtainedC．acceptedD．wasawarded3、WhatdoesmusicmeantoNatalie?A．It’sherhobby.B．It’sthesourceofhermisfortune.C．Itispartofherlife.D．It’sawaytoearnaliving.4、Whatdoestheauthortrytotellus?A．Natalieisamusicalgenius.B．Lifeisnoteasyforeveryone.C．Nevergiveuphalfway.D．Nataliehasastrongandbraveheart.Text4Listencarefullytothefootstepsinthefamilyhome,especiallyifithaswoodenfloors,andyoucanprobablyworkoutwhoitisthatiswalkingabout.Thefeaturesmostcommonlyusedtoidentifypeoplearefaces,voices,fingerprintsandretinalscans.Buttheir“behaviouralbiometrics”,suchasthewaytheywalk,arealsogiveaways.Researchershave,forseveralyears,usedvideocamerasandcomputerstoanalysepeople’sgaits,andarenowquitegoodatit.Buttranslatingsuchknowledgeintoapracticalidentificationsystemcanbetricky----especiallyifthatsystemissupposedtobehidden.Camerasareoftenvisible,arehardtosetup,requi5regoodlightingandmayhavetheirviewblockedbyotherpeople.SoateamledbyKrikorOzanyanoftheUniversityofManchester,inEnglandandPatriciaScullyoftheNationalUniversityofIreland,inGalwayhavebeenlookingforabetterwaytorecognizegait.Theiranswer:pressure-sensitivemats.Inthemselves,suchmatsarenothingnew.Theyhavebeenpartofsecuritysystemsfordonkeys’years.ButDr.OzanyanAndDr.Scullyuseacomplexversionthatcanrecordtheamountofpressureappliedindifferentplacesassomeonewalksacrossit.Thesemeasurementsformapatternuniquetothewalker.Dr.OzanyanandDr.Scullythereforeturned,asisnowcommonforanythingtodowithpatternrecognition,toanArtificialIntelligencesystemthatusesmachinelearningtorecognizesuchpatterns.Itseemstowork.Inastudypublishedearlierthisyearthetworesearcherstestedtheirsystemonadatabaseoffootstepstroddenby127differentpeople.Theyfoundthatitserrorrateinidentifyingwhowaswhowasamere0.7%.AndDr.Scullysaysthatevenwithoutadatabaseoffootstepstoworkwiththesystemcandeterminesomeone’ssex---womenandmen,withwideandnarrowpelvises(骨盆)respectively,walkindifferentways,----andguess,withreasonableaccuracy,asubject’sage.Amat-basedgait-recognitionsystemhastheadvantagethatitwouldworkinanylightingconditions----evenpitch-darkness.Andthoughitmightfailtoidentifysomeoneif,say,shewaswearingstilettosandhadbeenenteredintothedatabasewhilewearingtrainers,itwouldbeveryhardtofoolitbyimitatingthegaitofanindividualwhowasallowedadmissiontoaparticularplace.ThelatestphaseofDr.Ozanyan’sandDr.Scully’sprojectisaredesignofthemat.Theoldmatscontainedindividualpressuresensors.Thenewonescontainopticalfibres(光纤).Light-emittingdiodes(二极管)distributedalongtwoneighbouringedgesofamattransmitlightintothefibres.Sensorsontheoppositeedges(andthustheoppositeendsoftheopticalfibres)measurehowmuchofthatlightisreceived.Anypressureappliedtopartofthematcausesadistortion(变形)inthefibresandaconsequentchangeintheamountoflighttransmitted.Boththelocationandamountofchangecanbeplottedandanalyzedbythemachine-learningsystem.Dr.Ozanyansaysthattheteamhavebuiltademonstrationfibre-opticmat,twometerslongandametrewide,usingmaterialsthatcost￡100($130).Theyarenowtalkingtocompaniesaboutcommercializingit.Oneapplicationmightbeinhealthcare,particularlyfortheelderly.Afibre-opticmatinstalledinanursinghomeoranoldperson’sownresidencecouldmonitorchangesinanindividual’sgaitthatwarncertainillnesses.Thatwouldprovideearlywarningofsomeonebeingatgreaterriskoffallingover,say,oroftheircognitionbecomingdamaged.Gaitanalysismightalsobeusedassasecuritymeasureintheworkplace,monitoringaccesstorestrictedareas,suchaspartsofmilitarybases,serverfarmsorlaboratoriesdealingwithharmfulmaterials.Inthesecases,employeeswouldneedtoagreetotheirgaitsbeingscanned,justastheywouldagreetothescanningoftheirfacesorretinasforopticalsecuritysystems.Perhapsthemostfascinatinguseofgait-recognitionmats,though,wouldbeinpublicplaces,suchasairports.Forthattowork,thefootstepsofthosetoberecognizedwouldneedtohavebeenstoredinadatabase,whichwouldbehardertoarrangethanthecollectionofmugshotsandfingerprintsthatexistingairportsecuritysystemsrelyon.Somepeople,however,mightvolunteerforit.Manyaircreworpre-registeredfrequentflyerswouldwelcomeanythingthatspeededuponeofthemosttiresomepartsofmoderntravel.1、Camera-basedgaitrecognitionfailstocomeintowideuse,because_____.a.it’snoteasytofindthecamerasb.fingerprintrecognitionisstillpopularc.sometimesthecamerascanbecoveredd.it’sawasteofmoneytofixtheequipmente.goodlightingconditionscan’tbeguaranteedf.it’sdifficulttosetupthesystem.A．acf B．bdeC．cdf D．cef2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph6-8?A．Thenewmatsfunctiongreatlywithindividualpressuresensorsbuiltin.B．Thenewmatswillbelikelytoworkbetterwithenoughpressure.C．Theelderlyarecuredoftheirdiseaseswiththemonitorofthefibre-optic.D．Restrictedareasareaccessibletothosewiththeirgaitsscannedbeforehand.3、Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph5?A．Themat-basedgait-recognitionsystem B．ThegaitstoredinthedatabaseC．Theadvantageofworkinginanylightcondition. D．Theadmissiontoaparticularplace.4、What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Listentoyourfootsteps B．ApplaudpatternrecognitionC．Lovethewayyouwalk D．BetterthematsyousteponPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Twoself-drivingbuseshaverolledoutontothepublicroadsofHelsinki,Finland,inthefirsttrials1．itskindTheEasymileelectricmini-buses,abletocarryupto12people,willrunontheopenroadsofHelsinki'sHernesaaridistrict“2．isnomorethanahandfulofthesekindsofstreettraffictrialstakingplace”HarriSantamala,testprojectleadsaidFinland3．(become)atopleadermautomatedtechnologydevelopmentandtestingrecentlybecause,unlikemostoftherestoftheworld,FinnishlawdoesnotrequirevehiclesonpublicroadstohaveadriverObstacles4．(meet)inmanyotherfirmsandresearchgroupsthatlookedtotestautonomousvehiclesintheUSandEuropehavebeenremovedOperatingsuchasystemhasprovena(n)5．(true)difficultchallengeThecitytrafficwillprovidehardpointsforthebusestoovercome,sincetheyhavetowork6．commoncarsandotherroadusersmaynotbepredictableThebuseshaveamaximumspeedof40km/hbutwilltravelatanaveragespeedof10km/h,thus7．(lead)themtobeslow-movingvehiclesduringrush8．(hour)Helsinkiisseveralyearsintoits10-yearplantomakecarownershippointlessthroughpoint-to-point"mobilityondemand"systemsTwoyears9．,thesmartbusserviceKutsuplushadbeenshutdownduetocostsandthelowvolumeofpassengers10．isexpectedtohappenthatsmallautomatedbusescouldmakeadifferencewhenpresenthuman-operatedtransporthasprovedinefficientwithgovernmentfundsWewalkedinsideamuseuminGardenCityandlookedaround,eager1．(meet)KobieBoykins,aNASAengineerHehelpedtodesigntheMarsrover(探测器)Curiosity,2．isstillexploringtothisdayInabigpresentationroom,Boykins3．(talk)abouttheteam’snewestrover,Mars4．Weaskedhimifthenewroverwouldbe5．mostcomplicatedoneheandhisteam6．(make)sofarHetoldusthatmostoftheengineeringwouldbethesameHowever,theroverisstillmore7．(advance)andwillbeabletogetmoreaccuratetest8．(result)WhenBoykinsfinishedhispresentation,somepeoplebroughthimintoanotherroomwherewewouldinterviewhimWeaskedifhefelthewas9．alotofpressureatworkHetoldusthathe10．(actual)putalotofpressureonhimselfHesaidthatworkingonthespacecraftwasn’tputtinghiminthatposition,buthestillwantedtomake11．perfectSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。WarrenHardingwasthe29thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,servingfrom1921untilhisdeathin1923.1、Onewasasuccessfulinternationalconference(会议).AfterWorldWarOne,Britain,JapanandtheUnitedStatesexpandedtheirnavies(海军).Theybuiltbiggerandbiggerships.ManymembersoftheUnitedStatesCongressworriedaboutthecost.2、TheyaskedPresidentHardingtoorganizeaconferencetodiscusstheseissues.3、PresidentHardinginvitedrepresentativesfromthemajornavalpowersofthetimeBritain,Japan,FranceandItaly.HealsoinvitedrepresentativesfromcountrieswithinterestsinAsiaandEuropeChina,Portugal,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.HedidnotinvitethenewSovietleadersinRussia.MrHarding’sSecretaryofState,CharlesEvansHughes,spoke.4、Heproposedthattheworld’sstrongestnationsshouldstopbuildingwarshipsfortenyears.HealsoproposedthatBritain,Japan,andtheUnitedStatesshoulddestroysomeshipstomaketheirnaviessmallerimmediately.5、Itinvolvedthemisuseofundergroundoilownedbythefederalgovernment.WarrenHardingwasanhonestman.Buthedidnothaveastrongmindofhisown.Hewaseasilyinfluenced.Andheoftenacceptedbadadvice.Heexplainedtheproblemwiththesewords,“Ilistentooneside,andtheyseemright.ThenIlistentotheotherside,andtheyseemjustasright.Iknowthatsomewherethereisamanwhoknowsthetruth.ButIdonotknowwheretofindhim.”A．Heisrememberedmostlyfortwoevents.B．Theconferencewasnotacompletesuccess.C．Theyalsoworriedaboutincreasedpoliticaltension(紧张)inAsia.D．Theconferencew