外研版英语必修四讲义Module3BodyLanguage1SectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-ComprehendingWord版含答案

身体语言会在不经意间表露一个人的心理，解读身体语言，请看下文……Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall！Itissaidthatourbodymovementsmunicateabout50percentofwhatwereallymeanwhilewordsonlyexpress7percent.So,whileyourmouthisclosed,yourbodyisjustsaying...Arms.Howyouholdyourarmsshowshowopenandreceptiveyouaretopeopleyoumeet.Ifyoukeepyourarmstothesidesofyourbodyorbehindyourback,thissuggestsyouarenotafraidoftakingonwhateveresyourway.Outgoingpeoplegenerallyusetheirarmswithbigmovements,whilequieterpeoplekeepthemclosetotheirbodies.Ifsomeoneupsetsyou,justcrossyourarmstoshowyou’reunhappy!Head.Whenyouwanttoappearconfident,keepyourheadlevel.Ifyouareamonitorinclass,youcanalsotakeonthispositionwhenyouwantyourwordstobetakenseriously.However,tobefriendlyinlisteningorspeaking,youmustmoveyourheadalittle.Legs.Yourlegstendtomovearoundalotmorethannormalwhenyouarenervousortellinglies.Ifyouareatinterviews,trytokeepthemstill!Posture(姿势).Agoodposturemakesyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.Ifyouarefeelingdown,younormallydon’tsitstraight，withyourshouldersinwards.Thismakesbreathingmoredifficult,whichcanmakeyoufeelnervousorunfortable.Mouth.Whenyouarethinking,youoftenpurse(撅起)yourlips.Youmightalsousethispositiontoholdbackanangryment(评论)youdon’twishtoshow.However,itwillprobablystillbenoticed,andpeoplewillknowyou’renotpleased.Face.Whenyoulie,youmightputonafalseface.Butthatexpressionwouldcrack(破裂)briefly,allowingdisplaysoftrueemotionssuchashappiness,sadness,disgust(厌恶)andfeartoethrough.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—prehending重点单词写作词汇1.dealn． 协议；交易2.involvevt. 包括3.spreadvi. 张开拓展词汇4municationn．交流；沟通→municatevi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流5.unconsciousadj.无意的；不知不觉的→consciousadj.意识到的；自觉的6.varyvi.变化→varietyn．种类→variousadj.各种各样的7.formaladj.正式的→informaladj.非正式的8.traditionallyadv.传统地→traditionaladj.传统的→traditionn．传统9.threateningadj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threatenv．威胁→threatn．威胁10.slightlyadv.轻微地；稍微→slightadj.轻微的；少量的阅读词汇11.aggressiveadj. 攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的12.weaponn. 武器13.gesturen. 姿势；姿态14.foreheadn. 前额15.bowvi. 鞠躬16.youthn. 年轻人17.palmn. 手掌18.slapvt. 掌击重点短语1.onguard (保持)警惕2.makeadeal 达成协议；做成交易3.holdup 举起4.giveaway 暴露(自己的情况)5.shakehandswith 与……握手重点句型1.morethan＋名词：Althoughtheseareveryimportant，wemunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords(不仅仅靠口语和书面语交流).2.介词＋宾语从句：Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”(我们所称其为“肢体语言”).3.独立主格：Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread(掌心向外，五指张开).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Readthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.1．Para.1A．GreetingsinAsiancountries.2．Para.2B．Waysofmunication.3．Para.3C．Fascinatingbodylanguage.4．Para.4D．Greetingsinwesterncountries.5．Para.5E．Americanyouths’greetingtoday.答案：1－5.BDAECeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．WheninRome,DoastheRomansDoB．GreetingsAroundtheWorldC．HowtoShakeHandsD．Non­verbalmunication2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Notallbodylanguageisconscious.B．Europeansshakehandswiththeirlefthands.C．Atanytime，weuse“learned”bodylanguage.D．Waysofgreetingarethesameallovertheworld.3．WhydoEuropeansandAmericansshakehandswiththeirrighthands?A．Theyhavebeenusedtoit.B．Therighthandsaretheweakestones.C．Theythinkitisformal.D．Theywanttoexpresstheytrusteachother.4．WhichofthefollowingbelongstooneofthegreetingsintheUS?A．Nottotouchtheotherperson.B．Toputtherighthandovertheleft.C．Togreeteachotherwith“givemefive”．D．Tojointheirhands.答案：1－4.DADCeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”．eq\a\vs4\al()[翻译]实际上，身体的姿势是我们所称其为“肢体语言”的一部分。2．Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“learned”bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.eq\a\vs4\al()[翻译]我们经常看到一些无意识的肢体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”身势语，它在不同的文化中各不相同。3．Muslimsgivea“salaam”，wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.eq\a\vs4\al()where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰salaam，where在定语从句中作状语。[翻译]穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触左胸、嘴巴和前额。①munication[kəˌmjuːnI'keIʃn]n.交流；沟通②thinkof想到，记得③morethan此处表示“不仅仅”。④spokenandwrittenwords口语和书面语withwords借助语言⑤unconscious[ʌn'kɒnʃəs]adj.无意的；不知不觉的beunconsciousof未意识到⑥learnedadj.习得的⑦vary['veəri]vi.变化varyfrom...to...从……到……变化⑧beintroducedto被介绍给introduce...tosb.把……介绍给某人⑨onguard(保持)警惕⑩formal['fɔːml]adj.正式的⑪aggressive[ə'ɡresIv]adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的⑫traditionally[trə'dIʃnli]adv.传统地⑬shakehands握手⑭bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事⑮weapon['wepən]n.武器⑯gesture['dʒestʃə]n.姿势；姿态⑰threatening['θretnIŋ]adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的⑱makeadeal达成协议，做成交易deal[diːl]n.协议；交易⑲involve[In'vɒlv]vt.包括involvedoingsth.包括做某事⑳put...over...把……放在……上eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))bow[baʊ]vi.鞠躬bowtosb.向某人鞠躬eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))slightly['slaItli]adv.轻微地；稍微eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))Muslim['mʊzləm]n.(常作复数)穆斯林eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))salaam[sə'lɑːm]n.(穆斯林的)额手礼(用右手抚额鞠躬的礼节)eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))forehead['fɒrId]n.前额eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))Hindu['hInduː]n.印度人eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))jointheirhands双手交叉eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))inrespect＝respectfully尊敬地eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))bebusywithsth.忙于某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))informal[In'fɔːml]adj.非正式的eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))use...as...把……用作eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))youth[juːθ]n.年轻人eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))holdup举起反义词组：putdowneq\o(○,\s\up1(34))palm[pɑːm]n.手掌eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))spread[spred]vi.(spread,spread)张开eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))slap[slæp]vt.掌击eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))quite修饰名词时，常把冠词a(n)置于其后。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))bodylanguage身体语言，身势语eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))fascinatingadj.有极大吸引力的；迷人的fascinatedadj.被迷住的，被吸引的；极感兴趣的(不用于名词前)eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))giveaway暴露(自己的情况)eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))mindreader['maIndˌriːdə]n.(自称或被认为)能看透别人心思的人Ifyousaytheword“munication①”，mostpeoplethinkof②wordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wemunicatewithmorethan③justspokenandwrittenwords④.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”．Weseeexamplesofunconscious⑤bodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“learned⑥”bodylanguage,whichvaries⑦fromculturetoculture.◆Althoughtheseareveryimportant是although引导的让步状语从句。Weuse“learned”bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedto⑧strangers.Likeotheranimals,weareonguard⑨untilweknowitissafetorelax.SoeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalB10waytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive⑪.Traditionally⑫，EuropeansandAmericansshakehands⑬.Theydothiswiththerighthand—thestrongesthandformostpeople.Ifourrighthandisbusygreeting⑭someone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon⑮.Sothegesture⑯issaying,“Itrustyou.Look,I’mnotcarryingathreatening⑰weapon.”Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal⑱.Itmeans,“Weagreeandwetrusteachother.”◆itissafetorelax中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的torelax。◆动词不定式短语toshowthem...作目的状语；wearenotaggressive是省略that的宾语从句，作show的直接宾语。◆Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone是if引导的条件状语从句。GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolve⑲touchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysinvolvethehands.TraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandover⑳theleftandbow㉑slightly㉒.Muslims㉓givea“salaam㉔”，wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead㉕.Hindus㉖jointheirhands㉗andbowtheirheadsinrespect㉘.Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywith㉙thegreetingandcannotholdaweapon.Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformal㉚stylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsas㉛agestureoftrust.Americanyouths㉜oftengreeteachotherwiththeexpression,“Givemefive！”Onepersonthenholdsup㉝hishand,palm㉞outwardsandfivefingersspread㉟.Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslaps㊱theother’sopenhandabovetheheadina“highfive”．Nowadays,itisquitea㊲mongreeting.◆whensomepeoplehaveveryinformal...是when引导的时间状语从句。Bodylanguage㊳isfascinating㊴foranyonetostudy.Peoplegiveaway㊵muchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouareamindreader㊶!◆ifyouareamindreader是if引导的宾语从句，作see的宾语。说起“交流”这个词，大多数人会想到词语和句子。尽管这些很重要，但我们并不仅仅靠口语和书面语交流。实际上，身体的姿势是我们所称其为“肢体语言”的一部分。我们经常看到一些无意识的肢体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”身势语，它在不同的文化中各不相同。当我们被介绍给陌生人时，我们使用“习得的”身体语言。像其他动物一样，只有在感觉很安全时我们才会放松，否则我们将一直处于戒备状态。所以，每一种文化都形成了一种正规的方式来问候陌生人，以向他们表明我们并没有敌意。欧美人的传统是握手。他们握右手——右手对大多数人来说是最有力的。假如我们的右手正忙着与他人打招呼，我们就不可能用它来拿武器了。因此，这种手势的意思是：“我信任你。瞧，我没带威胁性的武器。”假如你和别人握手，就表明你信任他们。当我们达成协议时，我们握手。意思就是：“我们达成了协议，相互信任。”亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但经常会用到手。与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式是将右手放在左手上，稍稍躬身而行礼。穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触左胸、嘴巴和前额。印度人双手交合，恭敬地行合十礼。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。即使是现在，有些人在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。美国年轻人常常会用“来击个掌吧！”的表达来打招呼。然后一个人举起他的手，掌心向外，五指张开。另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。这是如今很常见的打招呼的方式。身体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达得更多。看看你的朋友和家人，试试你能否读懂他们的心事！eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解AForaslongashumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofmunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisaspokenlanguageproblem,municationcanbecarriedoutthroughsignlanguage,inwhichgesturesstandforletters,words,andideas.Touristsandpeopleunabletohearorspeakhaveoftenhadtoturntothisformofexpression.Whengesturesdescribewordsorideas,theycanoftenbeusedinternationally.Whenusedforspellingwordshowever,whereeachgesturestandsforasingleletter,peoplemustsharethesamewrittenlanguage.Bodylanguagesendsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eithermeaningfullyornot.Awink(眨眼)canbeawayofshowingthatthepersonisonlyjoking.Anodmeansagreement,whileshakingheadindicatesdisagreement.OtherformsoflanguagecanbefoundinBraille(areadingsystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertipsusedbytheblind),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguideandwarnpeople.Whilelanguageisthemostmonformofmunication,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeelings.【解题导语】自从有人类以来，人们就用各种方式交流。一般来讲，人们的交流方式不外乎三种：口头语、书面语和身势语，但还有其他的交流方式。1．Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttosay?A．Peoplecanmunicateinmanydifferentways.B．Everybodyusesonlyoneformofmunication.C．Languageisinvaluabletoforeigners.D．Non­spokenmunicationisoflittlevalue.A解析：主旨大意题。文章主要是讲人们采用各种各样的方式去交流。2．Accordingtothetext,whichpartofthebodycanbeusedtoshowyouarejoking?A．Fingers. B．Eyes.C．Head. D．Feet.B解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“Awink(眨眼)canbeawayofshowingthatthepersonisonlyjoking.”可知B项正确。3．WhatCAN’Tbeeffectivelymunicatedbysignlanguagewhenpeoplebelongtodifferentlanguagegroups?A．Spelling. B．Ideas.C．Wholewords. D.Expressions.A解析：推理判断题。从文章内容判断，只有spelling(拼写)不能用身势语进行有效的表达。4．Howmanydifferentformsofmunicationarementionedinthetext?A．Three. B．Five.C．Six. D．Nine.D解析：细节理解题。文章共叙述了九种交流方式，它们是：oralspeech,signlanguage,writtenlanguage,bodylanguageBraille,signalflags,Morsecode,smokesignals,roadmapsandpicturesigns。BHaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage(饮品)in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?IntheUS,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.Thistradition—ifthat’swhatyouwanttocallit—datesbacktothe19thcentury.Duringthattime,itwasalreadymonplaceformostAmericanhomestohaveanicebox.IcewouldbeharvestedinnorthernAmericaorCanadaandshippedacrosstheAtlanticandsoldatahighpriceinBritishdepartmentstores.CanyouimagineheadingtoMacy’stotreatyourselftoablockofice?Puttingiceinyourdrinkstartedtobeesomewhatofafashion(时尚)trendforthewealthyinBritain.Somewouldputafewcubesintheirchampagneandsipontheirchilleddrinksathigh­classparties.But,likewithanyfashiontrend,iteventuallyfaded,mainlybecausetheicewasjusttooexpensive.AndevenonceiceboxesbeganappearinginhomesinBritainaswell,Britsnevertookalikingtoiceintheirdrinks.So,nexttimeyoutraveloverseas,don’tfeeloffended(冒犯)whenyourservergivesyouaneyerollwhenyouaskforicewater.【解题导语】这篇文章主要讲了为什么美国人喜欢加冰饮料，而欧洲人不喜欢。5．Whohaswrittenthetext?A．AEuropean. B.AnAmerican.C．ACanadian. D.AnAsian.B解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“IntheUS,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.”可推知作者是一位美国人，故选B。6．WhydoEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?A．Becausetheyhavenofridges.B．Becausetheyhavewarmtaps.C．Becausetheyareaccustomedtoit.D．Becausetheycan’taffordice.C解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thistradition—ifthat’swhatyouwanttocallit—datesbacktothe19thcentury.”可知欧洲人在室温下喝饮品是因为他们习惯于这种方式，故选C。7.WhatcanweinferaboutBrits?A．Theytreattheirgueststocolddrinks.B．TheyalwaysfollowwhatAmericansdo.C．Theydon’tknowwheretogeticeblocks.D．TheyhaveiceboxeslaterthanAmericans.D解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“IntheUS,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.”可推知英国人使用冰箱要晚于美国人，故选D。8．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．WhyAmericanslikeicydrinkswhileEuropeansdon’t.B．Whenpeopleoverseashaveicydrinkswiththeirmeals.C．Wherepeoplecanentertainthemselveswithicydrinks.D．HowEuropeansandAmericansmakedifferentbeverage.A解析：主旨大意题。第一段中的“HaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage(饮品)in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature？”作者提出这个问题，接下来分析其中的原因，所以这篇文章主要讲了为什么美国人喜欢加冰饮料，而欧洲人不喜欢，故选A。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空Thetrainshakesbackandforth,itswheelsmakingaloudnoiseagainstthetracks.Outsidethewindowthefreezingcoldofwinterrules.Thecarriageisfilledwithcold,__1__passengers.Suddenlyalittleboy__2__hiswaythroughthegrown­ups’legsandsitsdownbythewindow.Heisallaloneamongthe__3__grown­ups.Whatabravechild,Ithink.Hisfather__4__tostaybythedoorbehindus.Thetrainbeginstocrawlintoatunnel.Thensomethingverystrangehappenssuddenly.The__5__littleboyslides(滑)downfromhisseatandleans(斜靠)hishandonmyknee.__6__，Ithinkthathewantsto__7__meandreturntohisfather,soIhelphimtostandup.Butinsteadheleansforwardandholdshis__8__uptowardsmine.Hewantstosaysomethingtome,Ithink.Ilowermyheadtoreceivethe__9__.Wrongagain!WhatIreceiveisa__10__kissonthecheek.Theboycalmlyreturnstohisseat,leansbackandcontinueslookingoutofthewindow.Iam__11__.Whatjusthappened?Achildkissed__12__grown­upsonthetrain!Howcananybodywanttokisssuchamanthathassomuchbeard?Soonenough,allofmyneighborsareduly__13__.Nervousandalittlesurprised,we__14__atthefather.Whenheseesourquestioning__15__ashegetsreadyforhisstop,heoffersaclue(线索)．“He’ssohappytobealive，”thefathersays.“Hehasbeenverysick.”Fatherandson__16__intothecrowdmovingtowardstheexit.Thendoorscloseandthetraingoeson.OnmycheekIcanstill__17__thechild’skiss—akissthathastriggered(触发)somesoul­searchinginsideme.Howmanygrown­ups__18__kissingeachotherfromthejoyofbeingalive?Howmanyevengivemuchthoughttotheprivilege(特权)of__19__？Thelittlekisserhadtaughtusasweetbutseriouslesson:Becareful.Youdon’tletyourself__20__beforeyourheartstops!【解题导语】本文描述了作者在干冷枯燥的火车上接受了一个陌生小孩的吻。通过这次经历作者认识到，人一生中要始终保持一颗快乐的心。1．A.excited B．tiredC．pleased D．surprisedB解析：此处与空前的cold相顺接，指“又冷、又疲劳”的旅客。2．A.feels B．fightsC．pushes D．picksC解析