Unit3Ahanging第三单元课件

Unit3

AHangingObjectives:

-RelatedInformation:Ssfive-minutepresentation-Textcomprehension(p.38)-DiscussioninTextorganizationandideas-LanguagepointsGeorgeOrwellEricArthurBlair(25June1903

–21January1950),betterknownbyhispennameGeorgeOrwell,wasanEnglishauthor.Hisworkismarkedbyaprofoundconsciousnessofsocialinjustice,anintense,revolutionaryoppositiontototalitarianism(极权主义),apassionforclarityinlanguageandabeliefindemocraticsocialism.

Considered"perhapsthe20thcentury'sbestchroniclerofEnglishculture,"hewroteworksinmanydifferentgenresincludingnovels,essays,polemicjournalism,semi-sociologicalliterarycriticism,andpoetry.HismostfamousworksareHomagetoCatalonia(1938);hispersonalaccountofhisexperiencesandobservationsintheSpanishCivilWar,thesatiricalnovellaAnimalFarm(1945),thedystopiannovelNineteenEighty-Four(1949),andhisnumerousessays.Orwell'sinfluenceonpopularandpoliticalcultureremainsapparent,withnumerousofhisliteraryconcepts,andtheterm"Orwellian"enteringthepopularvernacular.DeathPenaltyDeathPenaltyEightMainMethodsofExecutionWorldwide

1.Beheading:

Onlytwocountriesexecutepeoplebychoppingtheirheadoff:SaudiArabiaandIraq.2.

Electricchair:

(USonly)Nobodyknowshowquicklyapersondiesfromtheelectricshock,orwhattheyexperience.3.

Firingsquad:Theprisonerisboundandshotthroughtheheartbymultiplemarksmen.ThismethodisusedinBelarus,China,Somolia,Taiwan,Uzbekistan,Vietnam,andothercountries.4.Guillotine(断头台):AfamousFrenchinvention,notusedinNorthAmerica.Amachinewithaheavyknifeseverstheneck.Deathcomesveryquickly.

5.

Hanging:ifproperlyconducted,thisisahumanemethod.Theneckisbrokenanddeathcomesquickly.ThismethodisusedinEgypt,Iran,Japan,Jordan,Pakistan,Singaporeandothers.

6.Lethalinjection:Lethaldrugsareinjectedintotheprisonerwhilehelaysstrappeddowntoatable.Thistechniquehasbeenchallengedrecentlybythosewhofeelthattheprisonermaynotberenderedunconsciousbythedrugs.LethalinjectionisalsousedinChina,Guatemala,Philippines,andThailand.

7.Poisongas:CyanidecapsulesaredroppedintoacidproducingHydrogenCyanide,adeadlygas.Thistakesmanyminutesofagonybeforeapersondies.

8.Stoning:Theprisonerisoftenburieduptoherorhisneckandpeltedwithrocksuntiltheyeventuallydie.Therocksarechosensothattheyarelargeenoughtocausesignificantinjurytothevictim,butarenotsolargethatasinglerockwillkilltheprisoner.StoningisusedinAfghanistanandIran,asapenaltyformurder,adultery,blasphemy,andothercrimes.TheDeathPenaltyProjectFormorethantwentyyearstheDeathPenaltyProjecthasworkedtopromoteandprotectthehumanrightsofthosefacingthedeathpenalty.Theorganisation'smainobjectivesare:Toprovidefreeandeffectivelegalrepresentationandassistancetothoseindividualswhoarefacingthedeathpenalty;Topromotetherestrictionofthedeathpenaltyinlinewithinternationalminimumlegalrequirements;Toupholdanddevelophumanrightsstandardsandthecriminallaw;andTopromoteincreasedawarenessandgreaterdialoguewithkeystakeholdersonthedeathpenalty.AlloutagainstthedeathpenaltyTirelesschampionfortheabolitionofthedeathpenaltythroughouttheworld,theEUproposesaEuropeandayagainstthedeathpenalty.TheEUwantstoseethedeathpenaltybecomeathingofthepasteverywhereontheplanet.Itscampaignisbasedonrespectforpeople'sdignity,regardlessoftheiractions,asenshrinedinthecharteroffundamentalrights.Aspartofthiscampaign,theEUcommissionisproposingthat10

Octoberbenotonlytheworlddayagainstthedeathpenalty,butaEuropeandaytoo.AttheinternationalconferencetobeheldinLisbonon9October,ajointdeclarationistobesignedbytheEUandtheCouncilofEuropetopromotetheuniversalabolitionofthedeathpenalty.UnderstandingtheDeathPenaltyinChinaWhilethereseemstobeaongoingdebateintheWest

astowhetherornotthedeathpenaltyshouldbeallowedtoexist,mostChinesepeopleseemtosupporttheuseofcapitalpunishmentintheircountry.Forthem,moderncapitalpunishmentinChinaissimplyamorecivilizedwayofenforcingwhathasalwaysbeenan‘eyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth’mentalityinChina.Peopleshouldpayfortheircrimes.MostChinesepeopleseemdisliketheideaofleavingaprisonerinjailforlife.Forthem,theideaofonelesscrookorfraudsteronthestreetsofChinaseemstobequitepleasant.ChinesepublicopinionseemstobewiththeCCPontheissueofthedeathpenalty.

AlmosteveryoneinChinaiswillingtodowhatittakestolowerthecrimeratesintheirdevelopingcountry.DeathPenaltyOutlawed(year)Albania(2000)Andorra(1990)Angola(1992)Argentina(2008)Armenia(2003)Australia(1984)Austria(1950)Azerbaijan(1998)Belgium(1996)Bhutan(2004)Bosnia-Herzegovina(1997)Bulgaria(1998)Cambodia(1989)Canada(1976)CapeVerde(1981)Chile(2008)Colombia(1910)CookIslands(2007)CostaRica(1877)Côted'Ivoire(2000)Croatia(1990)Cyprus(1983)CzechRepublic(1990)Denmark(1933)Djibouti(1995)DominicanRepublic(1966)EastTimor(1999)Ecuador(1906)Estonia(1998)Finland(1949)France(1981)Georgia(1997)Germany(1949)Greece(1993)Guinea-Bissau(1993)Haiti(1987)Honduras(1956)Hungary(1990)Iceland(1928)Ireland(1990)Italy(1947)Kiribati(1979)Liberia(2005)Liechtenstein(1987)Lithuania(1998)Luxembourg(1979)Macedonia(1991)Malta(1971)MarshallIslands(1986)Mauritius(1995)Mexico(2005)Micronesia(1986)Moldova(1995)Monaco(1962)Montenegro(2002)Mozambique(1990)Namibia(1990)Nepal(1990)Netherlands(1870)NewZealand(1961)Nicaragua(1979)Niue(n.a.)Norway(1905)Palau(n.a.)Panama(1903)Paraguay(1992)Poland(1997)Portugal(1867)Philippines(2006)Romania(1989)Rwanda(2007)Samoa(2004)SanMarino(1848)SãoToméandPríncipe(1990)Senegal(2004)Serbia(2002)Seychelles(1993)SlovakRepublic(1990)Slovenia(1989)SolomonIslands(1966)SouthAfrica(1995)Spain(1978)Sweden(1921)Switzerland(1942)Turkey(2002)Turkmenistan(1999)Tuvalu(1978)Ukraine(1999)UnitedKingdom(1973)Uruguay(1907)Uzbekistan(2008)Vanuatu(1980)VaticanCity(1969)Venezuela(1863)DeathPenaltyPermittedAfghanistanAntiguaandBarbudaBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelizeBotswanaBurundiCameroonChadChina(People'sRepublic)ComorosCongo(DemocraticRepublic)CubaDominicaEgyptEquatorialGuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuatemalaGuineaGuyanaIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqJamaicaJapanJordanKorea,NorthKorea,SouthKuwaitLaosLebanonLesothoLibyaMalawiMalaysiaMongoliaNigeriaOmanPakistanPalestinianAuthorityQatarSt.KittsandNevisSt.LuciaSt.VincentandtheGrenadinesSaudiArabiaSierraLeoneSingaporeSomaliaSudanSwazilandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTrinidadandTobagoUgandaUnitedArabEmiratesUnitedStates

VietnamYemenZambiaZimbabweQuestionstobeasked:(1)Whereandwhendidthestorytakeplace?ThestorytookplaceinBurmaonasoddenmorningoftherains.(2)Provideageneraldescriptionofthecondemnedcells.Thecondemnedcells,arowofshedsfrontedwithdoublebars,werelikesmallanimalcages.Eachcellwasabouttenfeetlongandtenfeetwideandwasquitebarewithinexceptforaplankbedandapotfordrinkingwater.Insomeofthecellsbrownsilentmenweresquattingattheinnerbars,withtheirblanketsdrapedroundthem.BurmaAHistoryofCapitalPunishment

inBurma

Burmahasalonghistoryofcapitalpunishment,tracingitsrootsbacktothemonarchyperiod.Itwasalsousedthroughoutthecolonialera.Evenduringthedemocracyperiod,theelectedgovernmentsentencedcriminalsandpoliticalprisonerstodeath.OneofthefamousheroesoftheBurmeseindependentmovement,MajChinKaung,waschargedwithtreasonandsentencedtodeathbecausehewasamemberoftheCommunistParty,whichhadbeenfightingtheBurmesegovernmentsince1948.Fortunately,hewaspardonedbythesecondBurmesepresident,MannWinMaung,oneofhiscolleaguesduringtheindependencestruggle.Otherpoliticalprisonerswerenotsolucky.Theirdeathsentenceswerecarriedout.

Thepresentmilitarygovernmenthascontinuedtousecapitalpunishmenttooppresspoliticalactivists.FollowingtheDecember1974Burmesestudents’uprisingprominentstudentleaderTinMaungOowassentencedtodeath.Hewasexecutedafewmonthslater.In1976,anArmycaptain,OhnKyawMyaint,wassentencedtodeathforattemptingtoassassinatetheBurmesedictator,NeWin.Inthe1980’s,dozensofmembersoftheKarenNationalUnion(KNU)werearrestedinthePeguMountainsregionandsentencedtodeath.

Languagepoints:

▲P32-1.ItwasinBurma,onasoddenmorningoftherains.

ThestorytookplaceinBurmaonaverywetmorningduringtherainyseason.

sodden:

adj.extremelywet

thecondemnedcells:

theverysmallroomsinaprisonwhereprisoners,whohadbeensentencedtodeathandwhowereduetobehangedwithinaweekortwo,werebeingkept.

arowofshedsfrontedwithdoublebars:alineofone-storybuildingswhosefrontwasstrengthenedwithbothinnerandouterbars

▲P32-1.Eachcellmeasuredabouttenfeetbytenandwasquitebarewithinexceptforaplankbedandapotfordrinkingwater.

Eachcondemnedcellwasabouttenfeetlongandtenfeetwide,ineachofwhichtherewasonlyaplankbedandapotfordrinkingwater.Plankbedspotssquatdrapesth.round/oversth.else:

hang(cloth,curtains,acloak,etc.)looselyonsth.else.Hinduspunyadj.verysmallandweakwispn.asmall,tinybunchofIndianwardern.ajailer,apersonwhoworksasaguardinaprison.Paragraphs2-7Theseparagraphsdescribehowacondemnedprisonerwaspreparedforthegallows,howhewasescortedonhiswaytothegallowsandhowhereacted,behaved,andmarched.gallowsn.astructureforthehangingofcriminals.

RiflesFixedbayonetn.handcuffn.apairoflockablelinkedmetalringsforsecuringaprisoner'swristscaressv.treatfondly,kindly,orfavorablygripn.atighthold,afirmgraspv.seizefirmlyyieldv.giveup,surrender

▲P32-2.Buthestoodquiteunresisting,yieldinghisarmslimplytotheropes,asthoughhehardlynoticedwhatwashappening.

Buthestood,withoutputtingupanyresistance.Heletthewardersbinduphislimparmswiththeropes,asifhewerenotawareofwhatwashappening.limplyadv.notstifflyorfirmly;inawaywhichlacksstrengthorenergy

Prisonsandprisonersprisoners

Bugles

float

vi.moveinair,waterorgas;driftslowly

barracks:n.buildingsforsoldiersSuperintendents

▲

P32-3.Thesuperintendentofthejail,whowasstandingapartfromtherestofus,moodilyproddingthegravelwithhisstick.

Theheadofthejail,whowasstandingatadistancefromtherestofus,feelingsogloomyandsullenthathewaspokingthesandsandstoneswithhisstick. prod

vi.

pokesth.withone'sfingerorsth.pointed.e.g.Theboyisproddingthesandybeachwithastick,enjoyingitverymuch.ADravidianinawhitedrillsuitGoldspectacles

magistraten.civilofficerpuddlen.asmallpoolofwater,esp.ofrainwateronapathorroad

e.g.Asithasbeenrainingfordays,therearemanypuddlesonthepath.

onthedrop:

onthetrapdooronthegallowswithasuddensnap:

withasuddensharpnoise;withasuddensharpcrackservilea.slavish,tooreadytoobeyothers;lackingindependence.e.g.Istronglydislikehisservileflatteryandhisservilemanner.

noose

n.aloopwitharunningknot,tighteningastheropeispulled.

reiterate

vt.sayordosth.againorrepeatedly

neverfalteringforaninstant:

neverwaveringforamomentfalter

vi.(ofone'svoice)waver;speakhesitatingly;act,move,orwalkhesitatinglyusu.becauseoffear,weakness,orindecision▲33-11.Hisheadonhischest:Hewasloweringhishead.

clank:v.

makeasharp,hard,metallicsound.

twist:v.turnround▲

P34-13.

Veryslowlyrevolving,asdeadasastone.

Hisdeadbodywasturninginacircleslowly.

oscillate:v.swingbackandforthwithasteadyrhythm.(causeto)moverepeatedlyandregularlyfromonepositiontoanotherandbackagain;waverApendulumoscillates.34-14.Heisallright:Theprisonerisabsolutelydead.tinpannikinsladlevt.servefoodwithaladleorinlargequantities;distributesth.(too)lavishly

▲P34-15.Anenormousrelief…wasdone:NowthattheHinduwashanged,wefelttremendouslyrelieved.▲P34-15.Onefeltanimpulsetosing…tosnigger:Onefeltasuddenurgetosingsongs,tostartrunningandtolaughinahalf-suppressedmannertogetridoftheirfears.▲P34-15.Allatonceeveryonebeganchatteringgaily.Allofasudden,everyonebegantalkingquicklyandcheerfully.silvercigarettecasesEurasianboy

garrulouslyad.talkingawayaboutunimportantthingsSomepeopletendtotalkgarrulouslyabouttrifles.

▲

P34-18.“Ihaveknowncases…Mostagreeable.”

“Ihaveknowninstanceswherethedoctorwasobligedtogobeneaththegallowsandpulltheprisoner’slegstomakesurethattheconvictwasreallydead.Thisisamostunpleasantthingtodo.”wriggle:v.twistandturnthebodyrefractoryadj.stubborn,rebelliousdislodge:v.remove34-20.Youwillscarcelycredit,sir,thatittooksixwarderstodislodgehim,threepullingateachleg.:Youwillhardlybelieve,sir,sixwardersremovedhimfromhisfixedposition,threepullingateachleg.genially

ad.kindly;pleasantly;sociablyOurteacherpresentshislecturesgenially.▲P35-22.Weallhada