2022年广东省茂名市高考英语模拟试卷（二）（附答案详解）

2022年广东省茂名市高考英语模拟试卷(二)

一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共37.5分)

A

The14thNationalGamesheldinXi'anhastriggeredgreatinterest-notonlyinsportsand

fitness,butalsointhehostcityitself.IfyouareplanningatourofXi'antakinglessthan3

days,you'llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.

TheTerracottaArmy

TheTerracottaArmyisnotjustChina'spremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatest

discoveriesofthe20thcentury,whichwasconstructedbyChina'sFirstEmperorQinShiHuang

oftheQinDynasty(221BC-207BC).Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracotta

soldiers,horses,andchariots(战车)inbattleformation,showingtheemperor'sarmiesinfull

splendor.

AncientCityWall

Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMing

Dynasty(1368-1644)asamilitarydefensesystem.Nowitisoneoftheoldestand

best-preservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerand

outerareas.

GiantWildGoosePagoda

OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,theGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltinthe

TangDynasty(618-907)forthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.Oneofthemainfunctionsofthe

pagodawastostoresutras(经文)broughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonk,andtraveler

XuanZang.ltwasbuiltwithlayersofbricksandhasagrandstructureandappearance.ltis

exemplaryoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.

ShaanxiHistoryMuseum

TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxi

overtheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures,goldandsilverwares

andwallpaintingsfromtheTangDynasty(618-907)tombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,!8

pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.

1.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?

A.TheTerracottaArmy.B.AncientCityWall.

C.GiantWildGoosePagoda.D.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.

2.WhatcanvisitorsseeinShaanxiHistoryMuseum?

A.ChariotsdiscoveredinXi'an.

B.SutrasbroughtfromIndiatoChina.

C.RelicsunearthedinShaanxi.

D.WallpaintingsfromtheQingDynastytombs.

3.Whatdothefourattractionshaveincommon?

A.Theyholdcollectionsofantiques.

B.Theyareofhistoricalandculturalvalue.

C.TheyrepresentthemodernspiritofXi'an.

D.TheyareexamplesoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.

B

ANorfolksheepdognamedPeggyspentmostofherlifeworkingonafarmandhelpingher

humanherdanimalsfromplacetoplace.Shewasgreatatherjob,whichrequireskeen

intelligenceandtheabilitytolistentoashepherd'ssignals.ButeverythingchangedwhenPeggy

suddenlywentdeafforunknownreasons.

Peggywassenttoananimalshelterin2018.Withtheshelterfull,stafferstriedtofindafoster

familyforhertospendtheholidayswith.Thankfully,animalwelfaremanagerChloeShorten

steppeduptotakeherin!"Wedecidedshecouldstaywithustemporarilywhilewefound

somewheremorepermanenttotakeherin,butwecompletelyfellinlovewithheralmost

immediatelyanditsoonbecameclearthatshewouldn'tbegoinganywhere!'*Chloesaid."She

wasgreasyandoutofcondition,untrusting,andfrightened,"theshelteradded.

"Shesoonstartedtobondwithmeandwestartedtakinghertofunplaceslikethe

beach,somethingwedon'tthinkshehaseverexperiencedbefore,“Chloesaid."Withsome

tenderlovingcareandgoodfood,Peggysoonstartedtoadjusttolife.Severalmonthsonand

Peggyhasblossomedintoadogwhoiscontinuingtoimprovedaily."

OneofthebiggestwaysPeggy*snewfamilyhelpedheradjustwasgettingherbackto

work.Workingdogsarebredtodoaspecificjob,andwithoutapurpose,theycangrow

depressedandbored.SoChloeintroducedthedogtohandsignsandtaughthertousehereyes

inplaceofherearswhileonthejob.Nowthatshe's10,she's"generallyretired,'*butshestill

enjoysherdingandcontinuestoimpressherfamilywithhowquicklyshelearnsnewskills.

第2页，共19页

4.WhatcanweinferaboutthePeggyfromthetext?

A.Sheistenandhasretired.

B.shewentdeafduetoararecondition.

C.Itwaslongbeforesheadjustedtohernewlife.

D.Shewasabandonedbyherformerfamily.

5.HowmanywaysdidtheChloeusetohelpPeggyadjustinthetext?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Five.D.Six.

6.WhydidtheChloegetPeggybacktowork?

A.Theyweredepressedandboredbyherperformance.

B.Theywantedtohelpherrecoverhersenseofhearing.

C.Theyneededhertohelpthemherdinganimals.

D.Theywereconcernedabouthermentalhealth.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeggy?

A.Aggressiveandshy.B.Untrustingandgreasy.

C.Adaptableandgifted.D.Fierceandtalented.

c

Lefttotheirowndevices,mostchildrenwon'thesitatetolickadoorknoborwipearunnynose

withtheirsleeve.Butisthereanytruthtotheideathattheiraffectionforgettingdirtycanbe

beneficialtotheirhealth?

Thattheorydatesbacktothe1800s,whenEuropeandoctorsrealizedthatfarmerssuffered

fewerallergiesthancityresidents.However,itdidn'tgainwidespreadattentionuntil1989,when

BritishepidemiologistDavidStrachandiscoveredthatyoungsterswitholdersiblingswereless

likelytobeinfectedthanotherkidswithhayfever.Strachansuggestedthatearlychildhood

infectionstransmittedbycontacthelpedfosterastrongimmune（免疫的）system.

Histheory,calledthehygienehypothesis（卫生假说），providesaconvenientexplanationfor

whyallergiesandautoimmunedisorders,haveincreased300percentormoreintheUSsince

the1950s.MaybeWesternsocietieshavebecometoocleanfortheirowngood,andparentstoo

fearfulofalittledirl.AsmicrobiologistGrahamRooknotes,gettingabitmessycanhelp

cultivatethethousandsofmicrobialspeciesthatcallthebodyhomeandkeepit

healthy.Providingthatboostcanbeaseasyashavingpets,tendingchickens,orplayingina

greenspace.

It'salsowisetogoeasyontheantibiotics（抗生素）.Althoughtheycanbelifesaversforpatients

withseverebacterialinfections,there's"arealriskofharm"fromoveruse,saysJohnLynch,a

doctorattheUniversityofWashingtonSchoolofMedicine."Regainingyournativemicrobiota

canbeextremelyhard/*heexplains.Allthisisnottosayyoungstersshouldbemessy.You

definitelywantthemtowashtheirhandsregularly,andcleaninghigh-touchsurfacesisvitalto

avoidunpleasantinfectionslikenorovirus,Rookadvised.Justdon'tgooverboardandkillthe

bacteriaoneverything.Asitturnsoutbidsprobablydoneedafewgermstostayhealthy.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"insanitary"meaninParagraph2?

A.Unclean.B.Wide.C.Risky.D.Protective.

9.Whichofthefollowingmaybeexplainedbythehygienehypothesis?

A.Dirt-freehouses'reducefeverinchildren.

B.Somefarmersarehighlyallergictoflowers.

C.Beingtoocleanleadstoincreasedallergies.

D.Avirusinfectioncausesautoimmunedisorders.

10.WhatisJohnLynch*sattitudetotheuseofantibiotics?

A.Cautious.B.Supportive.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.

11.WhatmightbeRook'sadviceforparents?

A.Leavinghigh-touchsurfacesdirty.

B.Allowingkidstoplayinthegarden.

C.Replacingkids1petswithartificialones.

D.Makingtheplayroomsabsolutelyclean.

D

ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（麻省理工学院）haveturnedspider

websintomusic-creatingastrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthe

spidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.

TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D（two-dimensional）

laser（激光）scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematical

modelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR（virtualreality）.TheyalsoworkedwithMITs

musicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.

"Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom（随机）,thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructures

andyoucanvisualize（可视化）themandyoucanlookatthem,butit'sreallyhardtograspfor

thehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,"saidMIT

第4页，共19页

engineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeeting

oftheAmericanChemicalSociety.

ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthese

structuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN."Spiders

usevibrations（振动）asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandso

theideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwas

veryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,'1Buehlersaid.

Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhow

theyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques."Thereason

whyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichis

veryweirdandmysterious,MBuehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaid

thewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduring

construction."It'sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful."hedescribed.

12.WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.

B.Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.

C.Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.

D.Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.

13.Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?

A.Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.

B.ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.

C.TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.

D.Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.

14.Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?

A.Virtualreality.B.Printing.

C.Painting.D.Film-making.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.

B.Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.

C.Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.

D.Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

Winterisconnectedwithfunandgames：snowballfights,skiing,and,everyfouryears,the

WinterOlympics.Butwhatwillawintersportsenthusiastdoifthesnowdoesn*tmakean

appearance?⑴

Artificialsnowismorelikeatightlypackedfrozensnowthatispartlymelt.(2)Theyare

brokenupbyahigh-pressurepumpatfirstandthenturnintosmallfrozenpieces.Mostartificial

snowismadeusingsnowcannons.Astheair'scoolingcapacityfalls,sodoestheamountof

waterthatcanbepumpedthroughthemachine.(3)At-4℃asnowcannoncanoperateat

around80%humidity.Butiftheoutsidetemperatureis-1℃,thismustbereducedtoaround30%

humidity.

In1980,theOlympicsheldinAmericabecamethefirstWinterGamestousemachine-made

snow.(4)ArtificialsnowalsoappearedatthetworecentWinterOlympics,inSochi,Russia

(2014),andVancouver,BritishColumbia(2010).Andthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing

isthefirsttorelyentirelyonartificialsnow.

(5)TheInternationalOlympicCommitteestatesthatitcreatesamoreconsistentsurface.In

addition,thesnowthatcomesfromacannonisicierthannaturalsnow.ltmeltsmoreslowly,and

providesahardersurfaceforathleteslookingforspeed.ThefirstOlympicsusingentirely

artificialsnowwillprobablynotbethelast.

A.Buttheyweren'tthelast.

B.Itismadefromwaterdrops.

C.That'swhenartificialsnowcomesin.

D.Whatisartificialsnow,andhowisitmade?

E.Temperaturealsoplaysasignificantroleinsnowmaking.

F.Artificialsnowcanbeappliedintoawiderangeoffields.

G.ArtificialsnowiswellworthusingintheWinterOlympics.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

第6页，共19页

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

DilysPriceisnotatypical85-year-oldgrandmother.Shemightlooklikea(21)teacherfrom

Cardiff-which,technically,isexactlywhatsheis-butshe'salsomadea(an)(22)ofjumpingout

ofplanes.

KnownthroughoutWalesas"DaredevilDilys",the(23)womanmadeherfirstparachutejump

attheageof54.Shehasnowcompletedmorethan1,139jumpsfor(24).(25),Dilyswasafraid

ofheightsbeforeherfirstjump,but30yearslater,she[26)theGuinnessWorldRecordasthe

OldestFemaleSoloSkyDiver,andshehas(27)tensofthousandsofpoundsforcharity.

Dilyshas(28)herlifetohelpingyoungpeoplewithdisabilities.In1996,she(29)TheTouch

TrustfromherkitcheninCardiff,anditsoon(30)intoarenownedcentreforHtouchtherapy(疗

法)"forpeoplewithdisabilities.Withhernew(31),theyhelpmorethan1,000adultsand

childreneveryweek.

She(32)fromrunningthecharityin2015-butshe'sstillhelpingtofundraiseitsworkthrough

herparachute(33).

Dilyssays,Tvehadalovely(34)!I'mextremelystubbornandIwon'tgiveupinwhatIbelieve

in.Lifeshouldbefun,be(35)andhaveapurpose."

21.A.physicalB.retiredC.youngD.kind

22.A.habitB.promiseC.careerD.attempt

23.A.generousB.delicateC.fearlessD.tender

24.A.charityB.exerciseC.livingD.pleasure

25.A.NaturallyB.TypicallyC.FortunatelyD.Incredibly

26.A.holdsB.takesC.equalsD.leaves

27.A.earnedB.raisedC.donatedD.saved

28.A.lostB.livedC.devotedD.spared

29.A.appliedB.namedC.inventedD.founded

30.A.movedB.joinedC.brokeD.grew

31.A.thoughtB.techniqueC.findingD.medicine

32.A.steppeddownB.droveawayC.ranoutD.heldback

33.A.recordsB.skillsC.memoriesD.jumps

34.A.jobB.businessC.lifeD.centre

35.A.peacefulB.challengingC.simpleD.difficult

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.Notsatisfiedwithpushingtheboundariesofspeed,enduranceandcivil

engineering,Chinesecompaniesareamongthefirstintheworld(1)(introduce)

newtechnologysuchasdriverlesstrainoperationandadvancedsignalingandcontrol

technology.

Thedriverlessbullettrains(2)(connect)BeijingandZhangjiakouinnorthern

HebeiProvincearecapableofhittingspeedsupto350kph,whichmakesthemtheworld's

(3)(fast)driverlesstrains.Thenewroute,openedinDecember2019aspartof

preparations(4)theBeijing2022WinterOlympicandParalympicGames,(5)

(reduce)traveltimeforthe174-kilometerjourneyfromthreehourstolessthan

60minutessofar.

(6)(build)injustfouryears,thelinehas10stationsservingtwoofthemajor

WinterGamesvenues(举办地),plusanotheratBadalingChangcheng,makingtheGreat

WallofChinafaster(7)(access)fortourists.(8)latteristheworlds

deepesthigh-speedrailwaystation,situated102metersunderground.Thesestationsare

likeairport(9)(terminal),withacresofspotlesspolishedmarbleand

glass,enormousinformationscreensandlounges(10)passengersarehelduntil

theirtrainiscalled.

五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

假定你是李华，今天你校组织高三学生参观了市博物馆举办的“中国航天成就展，请在

你的博客上用英语写一篇博文，分享此次活动。内容包括：

1.参加人员；

2.活动内容（聆听讲座、观看视频、体验太空漫步等）；

3.个人感想。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

第8页，共19页

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

AchievementExpoofChinaAerospace

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、B

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据TheTerracottaArmy段落内容TheTerracottaArmyis

notjustChinaspremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofthe20th

century,whichwasconstructedbyChina'sFirstEmperorQinShiHuangoftheQinDynasty

（221BC-207BC）.（兵马俑不仅是中国最重要的历史景点，也是20世纪最伟大的发

现之一，它是由中国秦朝（公元前221年.公元前207年）的第一位皇帝秦始皇建造的）；

AncientCityWall段落内容Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhu

Yuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMingDynasty（1368-1644）asamilitarydefensesystem.

（西安城墙建于14世纪，是明朝（1368-1644）第一位皇帝朱元璋的军事防御系统）：

GiantWildGoosePagoda段落内容中OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,the

GiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltintheTangDynasty（618-907）forthestudyofBuddhist

scriptures”大雁塔是中国最著名的佛塔之一，建于唐代（618・907年），用于学习佛经。）

可知，建于秦朝的兵马俑具有最长的历史。故选A。

（2）C.细节理解题。根据ShaanxiHistoryMuseum段落内容TheShaanxiHistoryMuseum

ishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.（陕西历史博

物馆是陕西多年来出土的37万多件珍贵文物的所在地。）可知，游客在陕西博物馆可

以看陕西出土文物。故选C。

（3）B.推理判断题。根据TheTerracottaArmy段落内容TheTerracottaArmyisnotjust

China*spremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.（兵

马俑不仅是中国最重要的历史景点，也是20世纪最伟大的发现之一）；AncientCityWall

段落内容Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperorof

theMingDynasty（1368-1644）asamilitarydefensesystem.（西安城墙建于14世纪,是

明朝（1368-1644）第一位皇帝朱元璋的军事防御系统）；GiantWildGoosePagoda段落

内容OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,theGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltin

theTangDynasty（618-907）forthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.（大雁塔是中国最著名

的佛塔之一，建于唐代（618-907年）,用于学习佛经）；ShaanxiHistoryMuseum段落

内容TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedin

Shaanxiovertheyears.（陕西历史博物馆是陕西多年来出土的37万多件珍贵文物的所在

地。）可知，这四个景点的共同点是：它们都具有历史和文化价值。故选B。

第10页，共19页

本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了四个位于西安，具有历史和文化价值的景点。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。

4〜7.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。从第二段Peggywassenttoananimalshelterin2018.（2018

年，Peggy被送到了一家动物收容所。）以及Shewasgreasyandoutof

condition,untrusting,andfrightened（她浑身油腻,身体不好，不信任别人,还害怕。）可

以推测出她被之前的主人抛弃了。故选D项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第三段Withsometenderlovingcareandgoodfood,Peggysoon

startedtoadjusttolife.（在一些温柔的关爱和美食的照顾下，Peggy很快开始适应生活。）

可知，此处提到tenderlovingcare和goodfood两种方式，根据第四段Oneofthebiggest

waysPeggy'snewfamilyhelpedheradjustwasgettingherbacktowork.（Peggy的新家庭

帮助她适应的最大方式之一就是让她重返工作岗位。）可知，此处提到gettingherback

lolife的方式，所以共3种方式。故选B项。

（3）D.细节理解题。从最后一段Workingdogsarebredtodoaspecificjob,andwithouta

purpose,theycangrowdepressedandbored.（工作犬被培养来做特定的工作，如果没有目

标，它们会变得沮丧和无聊。）中可以得知，让Peggy工作的原因是担心她不工作的话

会抑郁。故选D项。

（4）B.推理判断题。根据第三段Shesoonstartedtobondwithme…（她很快就和我建立

了感情...）及Peggysoonstartedtoadjusttolife（Peggy很快开始适应生活。）可以看

出Peggy适应能力很强，根据最后一段中butshestillenjoysherdingandcontinuesto

impressherfamilywithhowquicklyshelearnsnewskills（但她仍然喜欢放牧，她学习新

技能的速度之快让她的家人印象深刻。）可知，Peggy在新技能的学习上很有天赋。

A.Aggressiveandshy咄咄逼人的和害羞的；B.Adaptableandgifted适应性强的，

有天赋的；C.Untrustingandgreasy不信任的和油腻的；D.Fierceandtalented凶

猛的而有才华的。故选B项。

这是一篇记叙文，介绍了Chloe收养牧羊犬Peggy的故事。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

8〜11.【答案】A、C、A、B

【解析】（1）A.词义猜测题。根据第一段的Butisthereanytruthtotheideathattheiraffection

forgeingdirtycanbebeneficialtotheirhealth?（但是，他们对变脏的喜爱对他们的健康

有益的想法有什么道理吗）以及第二段However,itdidn'tgainwidespreadattention

until1989,whenBritishepidemiologistDavidStrachandiscoveredthatyoungsterswitholder

siblingswerelesslikelytobeinfectedthanotherkidswithhayfever.（然而，直到1989年，

它才得到广泛关注，当时英国流行病学家大卫：斯特拉坎发现，有哥哥姐姐的孩子比其

他孩子更不容易感染花粉热。）可推断，划线句意为：斯特拉坎认为，通过不健康接触

传播的儿童早期感染有助于培养一个强大的免疫系统。也就是小时候接触不干净的东西

有助于增强免疫力。所以insanitary为“不干净的”之意。A.UncIean不干净的；B.Wide宽

的;C.Risky冒险的;D.Protective保护的。故选A。

（2）C.细节理解题。根据第三段Histheory,calledthehygienehypothesis（卫生假说），

providesaconvenientexplanationforwhyallergiesandautoimmunedisorders,haveincreased

300percentormoreintheUSsincethe1950s.（他的理论被称为卫生假说，提供了一个实

用的解释，为什么过敏和自身免疫性疾病自20世纪50年代以来在美国增加了300%或

更多。）可知，根据该理论，太干净会导致过敏症的增加。故选C。

（3）A.观点态度题。根据最后一段Althoughtheycanbelifesaversforpatientswithsevere

bacterialinfections,there'suarealriskofharm"fromoveruse,saysJohnLynch,adoctoratthe

UniversityofWashingtonSchoolofMedicine.HRegainingyournativemicrobiotacanbe

extremelyhard,"heexplains.（华盛顿大学医学院的医生JohnLynch说，尽管它们对严重

细菌感染的患者来说是救星，但过度使用也存在“真正的伤害风险“。“恢复你原有的微

生物群是极其困难的，”他解释道。）可推断，他认为抗生素可以用来救命，但也有一

定的风险，所以他认为使用抗生素需慎重。A.Cautious谨慎的；B.Supportive支持的；

C.Critical批评的；D.Indifferent不以为然的。故选A。

（4）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段Allthisisnottosayyoungstersshouldbemessy.You

definitelywantthemtowashtheirhandsregularly,andcleaninghigh-touchsurfacesisvitalto

avoidunpleasantinfectionslikenorovirus,Rookadvised.Justdon'tgooverboardandkillthe

bacteriaoneverything.Asitturnsout,kidsprobablydoneedafewgermstostayhealthy.（所

有这些并不是说孩子应该脏兮兮的。Rook建议，你肯定希望他们经常洗手，清洁高接

第12页，共19页

触表面对于避免像诺如病毒等令人不快的感染至关重要。只是不要做得太过火，不要杀

死任何东西上的细菌。事实证明，孩子们可能确实需要一些细菌来保持健康。）可推断，

Rook建议让孩子在花园玩。故选B。

本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种“卫生假说”理论，该理论认为通过不卫生接触

传播的儿童早期感染有助于培养强大的免疫系统。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上

合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12〜15.【答案】A、D、B、C

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology（麻省理工学院）haveturnedspiderwebsintomusiccreatinganstrange

soundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplex

creationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.（美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网

变成了音乐一创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复

杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。）可知，麻省理工学院的科学家把蜘蛛网转换成

声音。故选Ao

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第三段中MarkusBuehler所说Eventhoughtheweblooksreally

random（随机），thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize（可视化）

themandyoucanlookatthem,butit'sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhuman

braintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails.（尽管蜘蛛网看起来很随机，实际上有很多

内部结构，你可以想象他们，你可以观察他们，但人类的想象力或人脑很难理解所有这

些结构细节。）可知，蜘蛛网的结构复杂，人类难以理解其构造。故选D。

（3）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesor

supports,sohavingabeerideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvanced

new3Dprintingtechniques.（蜘蛛可以在没有架子或支撑的情况下织网，所以更好地了

解它们是如何工作的，可能会导致先进的新型3D打印技术的发展。）可知，研究蜘蛛

如何结网有利于提升打印技术。A.Virtualreality虚拟现实；B.Printing打印；C.Painting

画画；D.Film-making电影制作。故选B。

（4）C.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteof

TechnologyC麻省理工学院haveturnedspiderwebsintomusiccreatinganstrangesoundtrack

thatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandeven

howtheycommunicate.（美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐创

造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚

至它们是如何交流的。）等内容可知，本文提出了一种新的创造性的方法来研究蜘蛛。

故选Co

这是一篇说明文。介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家最近的研究成果，将蜘蛛网转换成音乐，

可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上

合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】C、B、E、A、G

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据上文Winterisconnectedwithfunandgames：snowball

fights,skiing,and,everyfouryears,theWinterOlympics.Butwhatwillawintersportsenthusiast

doifthesnowdoesn'tmakeanappearance?（冬天与娱乐和游戏有关：打雪仗、滑雪，以

及每四年举行一次的冬季奥运会。但是，如果雪没有出现，冬季运动爱好者该怎么办呢？）

可知，上文提到了没有雪的情况，本句为本段最后一句，应回答上文的问题：人造雪。

故C选项“那就到了人造雪出场的时候。"符合语境，故选C。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据上文artificialsnowismorelikeatightlypackedfrozensnowthat

ispartlymelt.（人造雪更像是一种部分融化的紧密的冰冻雪。）以及后文Theyarebroken

upbyahigh-pressurepumpatfirstandthenturnintosmallfrozenpieces.（它们首先被高压

泵分解，然后变成小的冷冻碎片。）可知，本句是在说明后文被高压泵分解的是什么：

水滴，B选项中waterdrops对应后文they,故B选项"Itismadefromwaterdrops.它是由水

滴制成的。"符合语境，故选B。

（3）E.推理判断题。根据后文At-4℃asnowcannoncanoperateataround80%

humidity.Butiftheoutsidetemperatureis-1℃,thismustbereducedtoaround30%humidity

（在4%：时，雪炮可以在80%左右的湿度下工作。但如果室外温度为这必须降

低到30%左右的湿度。）可知，本句启示下文，指出温度对造雪的作用。故E选项

"Temperaturealsoplaysasignificantroleinsnowmaking.温度在造雪中也起着重要作用。"