高中英语 高一英语导学案-初高中英语知识衔接

PAGE2PAGE1第一课时句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。例如： Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词） WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（_______词） One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（________词） Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（____________） Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（__________） Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的___________词） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（_________从句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为____________）【总结】主语可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______和_______等表示。【提示】但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。例如： OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词） Isityours?（_______词） Theweatherhasturnedcold.（_______词） Thespeechisexciting.（_______词） Threetimessevenistwentyone?（_______词） HisjobistoteachEnglish.（_______） Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（_______词） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（_______短语） Timeisup.Theclassisover.（_______词） Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（_______从句）【总结】表语一般由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______及_______表示。（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（_______词） Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（_______词） Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（_______词） Hepretendednottoseeme.（_______短语） Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（_______短语） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（_______从句） 【提示】宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）【总结】宾补可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______短语和_______充当。例如：【提示】带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词） Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（_______） Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（_______） HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（_______） Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（_______） Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（_______） HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（_______）ThemanwhoisspeakingisourEnglishteacher.（_______）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语） Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语） Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句） 【提示】状语种类如下： Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语） Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（_______状语） Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（_______状语） MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（_______状语） Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（_______状语） Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（_______状语） Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（_______状语） Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（_______状语） Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（_______状语） Iamtallerthanheis.（_______状语）练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.11.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.12.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.13.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?14.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.16.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.18.Theapplestastedsweet.二、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanwhichisherenowC.Themanwhoisherenow D.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where第二课时简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（四）高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow。练习一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、选择填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit. A.and B.or C.if D.so2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____? A.hasn’the B.isn’theC.isn’tit D.hasn’tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain! A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan4.Letuspass,____? A.shan’twe B.shallwe C.won’twe D.willyou5.Isupposehe’sserious,____? A.doI B.don’tI C.ishe D.isn’the6.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition. A.then B.but C.and D.or7.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming. A.or B.for C.while D.so8.Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe? ____. A.Yes,heisn’t B.No,heisn’t C.No,heis D.Heis9.____friendly____toeveryone! A.How,isshe B.What,isshe C.How,sheis D.What,sheis10.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary. A.but B.and C.or D.yet11.Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella. Ihad,____I’velostit. A.since B.but C.because D.so12.____downtheradiothebaby’sasleepinthenextroom. A.Turning B.Toturn C.Turned D.Turn13.Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight? I’dliketo,____I’mtoobusy. A.and B.so C.as D.but14.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater. A.arriving B.toarrive C.havingarrived D.andarrived15.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando. A.Whenleft B.Leaving C.Ifyouleave D.Leave三、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?（完成反意疑问）4.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)5.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?（完成反意疑问）第三课时一般现在时一、【范例再现】1.阅读下列句子，并判断其时态：1)Healwayshelpsothers.2)Theyarehavingameetingintheofficenow.3)HehasworkedinourschoolforelevenyearssincehecametoChina.4)Ibuiltanewhouseeightyearsago.5)MyfatherwaswatchingTVwhenIgothomeyesterdayafternoon.6)ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.7)WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextmonth.8)Ididn'tknowifshewouldcome.写出各种时态的结构(以study为例)一般时进行时完成时现在study/studies过去studied将来shall/willstudyis/am/aregoingtostudy过去将来【时态精练】1.一般现在时概念:表示习惯、经常性的动作结构:do、does标志语：usually、often、never、sometimes、onceaweek、twiceamonth、everyyear练习1：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.2.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?4.Where_____you______(come)from?--America.练习2：写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。如：sing:sings.read_________;bring_________;cook________;use__________miss_________;watch________;finish________;fix______;go______;do________;study___________;fly___________;say____________;stay__________;have___________.巩固练习1：用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Iusually____(go)runningforhalfanhourattheweekend.2.Mygrandparents______(like)watchingTVverymuch.3.This___(be)mycat.It____(love)me.4.____(be)yoursisteramemberoftheReadingClub?5.Sheoften_____(finish)herhomeworkat9:00intheevening.6.We________(nothave)aMusiclessononThursday.7.Hisuncle__________(notget)upearlyonSaturday.巩固练习2：.句型转换1.Heoftenfliesakiteinthepark.(改为否定句)He______often____akiteinthepark.2.Shealwaysmissestheearlybusinthemorning.（改为一般疑问句）_____shealways_____theearlybusinthemorning?3.HermotherusuallywatchesTVintheevening.（提问）________hermotherusually____intheevening?4.Boyslikeplayingcomputergames.(改为否定句)Boys___________playingcomputergames.巩固练习3：.根据中文提示，把下列句子翻译成英语我们时常相互通信。他努力工作光比声音传播快。如果你尝试，你会成功的。第四课时一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作

动词构成：动词过去式（--ed）v如：do-did;work-worked;study-studied;stop-stopped;get-got...否定构成：didn't+动原一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？

特殊疑问句举例：Whatdidhedoyesterday?Whendidhegetupthismorning?练习：朗诵下列句子，体会一般过去时的用法HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago.[解析：_______________________________________。]Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays.[解析：____________________________________。]AtthattimeshespokeverygoodEnglish.[解析：_______________________________________。]Didyouplayvolleyballyesterdayafternoon?[解析：_______________________________________。]Isawhimtoday.[解析：_______________________________________。]现在完成时

动词构成：have/has+过去分词(--ed)如：have/hasworked否定构成：have/hasnot+过去分词一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语+过去分词…?特殊疑问句举例：Whathaveyoudonerecently?HowlonghashelivedinBeijing?练习1：朗诵下列句子，体会现在完成时的用法Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.[解析：_______________________________________。]Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.[解析_____________________________。]I'vejustlostmysciencebook.[解析：_______________________________________。]练习2：朗诵下列句子，体会现在完成时的用法ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years.[解析：_______________________________________。]Theyhavelivedheresince1990.[解析：_______________________________________。]WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?[解析：_______________________________。]【备注1】★暂时性动词不能与for…,since…,Howlong…等表示段时间的短语同时使用。如：Shehasborrowedthebookfortwoweeks.Themanhasdiedfortwentyyears.练习3：朗诵并比较下列句子HehasbeentoBeijing.他曾去过北京。[解析：_______________________________。]HehasgonetoBeijing.他已经去了北京。[解析：_______________________________。]【备注2】★have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。★have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。3)一般过去时与现在完成时之比较练习：请大家认真分析比较下列各例句Isawthisfilmyesterday.[解析：_______________________________________。]Ihaveseenthisfilm.[解析：_______________________________________。]ShehasreturnedfromParis.[解析：_______________________________________。]Shereturnedyesterday.[解析：_______________________________________。]HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.[解析：_______________________________________]HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.[解析：_______________________________________。]【备注3】★句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.【巩固练习1】写出下列不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。如：go-went-gone;becutdoseegetswimtakedrinkeatrunsayhaveputcome【巩固练习2】选择正确的答案1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemet C.metD.meet[解析：____________________________________________________________________________。]2.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeen C.wasD.willbe[解析：_______________________________________________________。]【巩固练习3】用所给单词的适当形式填空Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesforanhour.He________(play)basketballsincethreeyearsago.Howlong_____Sally______(sing)yet?第五课时1.过去完成时概念:表示过去的过去。|||>那时以前那时现在结构:haddone【体会】朗诵下列句子，体会一般过去时的用法Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.Ihadlearned5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.3.Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.4.Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.5.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.【备注1】表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"1.Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.【备注2】两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。1.WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.【备注3】叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.【巩固练习】翻译下列句子当我们到达那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。(get,match,begin)到上个月月底为止，琳达已经学会了十首英语歌曲。(bytheendof,Linda,learn,song)3.在我们到达车站之前，火车已经启动了。(before,train,start)4.在我来这里之前，我在一家医院工作了三年。(come,work,hospital,year)第五课时2.现在进行时与过去进行时1）现在进行时概念:表示现在正在发生的动作结构:主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词(v.+ing)【练习1】写出下列动词的-ing形式。如do-doing.bewriteswimseemakebeginhavedieputcomeliesitleavestopget【体会】朗诵下列句子，体会现在进行时的用法Listen!MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom.Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.3.Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout.【备注1】现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。【备注2】已经确定或安排好的将来活动。I'mleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.（我下周要去尼泊尔旅行)We'reflyingtoParistomorrow.(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎）【备注3】与一般现在时区别Hestudieshard.他努力学习。Heisstudyinghard.他正在努力学习。[解析]一般现在时表示_____________动作，现在进行时表示__________________________动作。过去进行时概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。结构：was/were+V-ing。【体会】朗诵下列句子，体会现在进行时的用法WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?[解析表示____________________________的动作。]2.Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.[解析：表示_________________________的动作。]【备注1】过去进行时常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：lastnight,lastSaturday等；或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。【巩固练习】用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic