动词不定式用法归纳 公开课教学设计

不定式用法Ⅰ不定式结构作主语1.做主语:1)位置:通常置于句首,用于说明概念和动作,两者均可..Toeatistolive.Toliveisnotonlytoeat.2)在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：.It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.注意：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：Ittookusfivehourstogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.3)不定式的复合结构:Itis/was+adj.+of/for+sb.+todoItisvitalforustoprotecttheenvironment.ItiscleverofhimtoworkhardatEnglish.4)辨别:It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.

A）forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：.It‘sveryhardforhimtodothejob.B）ofsb.的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。.It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.Ⅱ不定式结构作动词宾语1)两者通用且意思不变:like,love,hate,begin,start,prefer,.Whendidyoubeginlearning2)两者通用且意思不同:stop,try,forget,remember,mean,.Stoptalking!Classbegins!Let’sstoptohavearest!Classisover.3)下列动词只接+不定式:afford,agree,arrange,ask,want,help,decide,expect,hope,fail,happen,manage,offer,plan,prepare,wish,pretend,promise,refuse,seem….Thedriverfailedtocrossthestreet.4)下列动词只接+动名词:suggest,advise,practise,mind,enjoy,finish,consider,keep,avoid,miss,deny’admit,putoff,feellike,giveup,.Mr.Liadvisestartingatonce.Thebirdmissedmeetinghisfriend..★5)“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构”。常见词的有：tell,advise,show,teach,decide,discuss,learn,forget,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder.Ididnotknowwhattodoatthattime那时我不知道做什么。Ⅲ不定式结构作宾语补足语1)下列动词通常接带的“to”不定式做宾补.句型:动词+宾语+(not)不定式:ask,choose,expect,hate,want,like,love,wish,promise,want,allow,advise,tell,get,encourage…1)下列动词通常接带的“to”不定式做宾补.句型:动词+宾语+(not)不定式:ask,choose,expect,hate,want,like,love,wish,promise,want,allow,advise,tell,get,encourage…

.Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.2)接动词原形的动词使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel短语:whynot----youhadbetter.Letmego.Don’tmakemecry.感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel.这些动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补:前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcomedownstairs.我看见他下了楼.（整个过程）（全部）Isawhimcomingdownstairs.我看见他在下楼.（当时的情景）（瞬间）Ⅳ不定式结构作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，用来说明主语的内容和身份,强调动作未发生.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.★Ⅴ不定式结构作定语不定式:通常做后置定语,与被修饰词之间有着逻辑上的动宾关系.Ihavealotofworktodo.Ineedacupofteatodrink.注意：不定式做后置定语,通常位于被修饰名词之后与被修饰词有着逻辑上的动宾关系.但是如果不定式的动词是不及物的话,则要带上相应的介词.例：Theiceisstrongenoughtoskateon.WehadbetterfindahoteltoliveinⅥ不定式结构作状语不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。1．表示目的：Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.2)目的状语inorder或soas，如：HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed3）不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：①

so…asto…Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?②

such(…)asto…I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.③

enoughto…Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.4）表示目的；它的否定式是soasnottodo。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。sokindasto---劳驾Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?劳驾，现在几点了。5）too…to…否定Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.Thechildistooyoungtodresshimself.（★项为Chapter8Language中的内容）动词不定式专项练习I.选择填空。Mymotheroftenasksme_____early.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetupInternetbarsmustn’tletpeopleunder18inorletanybody___badthings.A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watchesListen!Canyouhearababy_____?A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.criesIt’snice____you_____mewithmymaths.A.for,tohelpB.for,helpingC.of,tohelpD.of,helpingTheteachertoldtheboy_____lateagain.A.tonotbeB.notbeC.nottobeD.don’tTheworkersweremade____for12hours.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked7.Whenhewasachildheliked______howthingsworked.A.tofindoutB.tofindC.lookforD.findout8.Thefamoussingerwasheard_____abeautifulsong.A.tobesungB.beingsungC.tosingD.tosinging9.Theteacherwantedus_____Exercise3,butyouletme_____Exercise2.A.todo,doB.todo,todoC.do,todoD.do,domostimportantthingforyouis_____carefullyinclass.A.tohearB.hearfromC.tolistenatD.tolisten11.---Wouldyoulike___withme?---Yes,I’d____.tocome,lovetoB.come,lovetoC.tocome,loveD.come,love12.Mikeisnotoldenough_____thearmy.A.joiningB.joinC.tojoinD.joined13.IamsorryIforgot_____yourbookhere.A.tobringC.bringingD.taking14..Theycouldn’tdecidewhichhotel_________.A.tostayB.wastostayatC.tostayatD.theywouldstaysawMikesmilinganditmadeher______better.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feelsD.feel16.Thereisnodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon’tknow_______.A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat17.Ihavenopen______.A.towriteB.towriteonC.towritewithD.forwritedoctoraskedme_________.A.nottoletherinB.notletherinC.don’tletherinD.didn’tletherin19.Ican’tdecide_____.A.togowithwhomB.gowithwhomC.whomgowithD.whomtogowith20.14.Theteachertoldme_____forschool.A.notbelateB.belateC.donotbelateD.nottobelate21.Grandmacouldn’tkeepupwithmeandIhadtostop____her.A.towaitforB.waitingforC.towaitingD.waited22.Pleasegivemesomepaper____.A.towriteB.towriteonC.towriteinD.writewithit23.Hiswifeisallrightagain.Hehasnothing___.A.worryaboutB.worriedaboutC.toworryaboutD.worryingabout24.ZhouHuawasthe____theclassroom.secondtoleaveB.secondleavingC.twotoleaveD.secondleave25.Thebossmadehim______14hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.worksD.working26.Ihavegotnotime___toyourexcuse.A.tolistenB.listenC.listeningD.tohear27._____halfanhourtoworkoutthephysicsproblem.A.IspentB.IusedC.IttookmeD.Itspentme28.________tokeepsilentwhentheteacherasksyouagain.A.ItisnotrightB.TobenotrightC.itisrightD.Itwasright29.Webegan_______Englishfiveyearsago.A.learnB.learnedC.tolearnD.tobelearned30..Theteacheraskedme________Marywithherlessonsyesterdayafternoon.A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.helps31..The