干货!四六级翻译词汇背诵与翻译练习

./四六级翻译词汇〔一：历史文化版画engraving彩塑paintedsculpture瓷器porcelain;china刺绣embroidery宫灯/花灯palace/festivallantern剪纸papercuttingXX瓷器Jingdezhenporcelain木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboocarving唐三彩tri-coloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty中国水墨画Chineseinkandwashpainting陶器pottery微雕miniatureengraving象牙雕刻ivorycarving京剧脸谱facialmake-upinPekingOpera木刻版画woodengraving木偶戏puppetshow独角戏monodrama;one-manshow皮影戏shadowplay;leather-silhouetteshow京剧PekingOpera秦腔ShaanxiOpera单口相声monologuecomictalk双口相声wittydialogue口技vocalimitation说书monologuestory-telling杂技acrobaticperformance叠罗汉makingahumanpyramid特技stunt哑剧dumbshow;mime马戏circusperformance春节theSpringFestival元宵sweetdumplingsmadeofglutinousriceflour秧歌yangko年底大扫除theyear-endhouseholdcleaning灯谜lanternriddle登高hillclimbing拜年payingaNewYearcall鞭炮firecracker年画<traditional>NewYearpicture舞龙dragondance春联SpringFestivalcouplets元宵节theLanternFestival植树节Tree-PlantingDay除夕NewYear'sEve端午节theDragonBoatFestival龙灯舞dragonlanterndance庙会templefair年夜饭familyreuniondinneronNewYear'sEve清明节Tomb-SweepingDay扫墓payrespectstoadeadpersonathistomb赏月admirethemoon压岁钱moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift;giftmoney辞旧迎新ringouttheoldyearandringinthenewyear中秋节Mid-AutumnDay重阳节theDoubleNinthFestival十二生肖ChineseZodiac七夕节DoubleSeventhDay粽子traditionalChineserice-pudding;zongzi中餐烹饪Chinesecuisine粤菜Cantonesecuisine淮扬菜Huaiyangcuisine鲁菜Shandongcuisine川菜Sichuancuisine佛教Buddhism佛寺Buddhisttemple道教Taoism道观Taoisttemple道士Taoistpriest儒教Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture墨家Mohism法家Legalism孔庙ConfucianTemple孔子Confucius《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《史记》HistoricalRecords《诗经》TheBookofSongs《书经》TheBookofHistory《易经》TheBookofChanges《礼记》TheBookofRites四书TheFourBooks《大学》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《本草纲目》CompendiumofMateriaMedica《资治通鉴》HistoryasaMirror《西厢记》TheRomanceofWestChamber《西行漫记》RedStarOverChina《三国演义》TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms《水浒传》WaterMargin《聊斋志异》StrangeTalesofaLonelyStudio《红楼梦》ADreamofRedMansions;TheStoryoftheStone《西游记》PilgrimagetotheWest;AJourneytotheWest武侠小说martialartsnovel言情小说romanticfiction八股文eight-partessay;stereotypedwriting五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave民间艺术folkart高雅艺术refinedart戏剧艺术theatricalart电影艺术filmart爱国主义精神patriotism文化产业culturalindustry文化事业culturalundertaking文化交流culturalexchange文化冲突culturalshock;culturalconflict乡村文化ruralculture民族文化nationalculture表演艺术performingart文化底蕴culturaldeposit华夏祖先theChineseancestor同宗同源beofthesameorigin中国文学Chineseliterature中国武术Chinesemartialarts;KungFu中国书法Chinesecalligraphy火药gunpowder印刷术printing;artofprinting造纸术papermakingtechnology指南针compass中国结Chineseknot青铜器bronzeware武术门派style/schoolofmartialarts习武健身practicemartialartsforfitness古代格斗术ancientformofcombat武林高手topmartialartist气功qigong无与伦比的文学创作unmatchedliterarycreation汉语的四声调thefourtonesofChinese工艺workmanship;craftsmanship手工艺品handicraft泥人clayfigurine苏绣Suzhouembroidery寓言fable神话mythology传说legend公历theGregoriancalendar阴历theLunarcalendar天干HeavenlyStems篆刻sealcutting闰年leapyear二十四节气24solarterms传统节日traditionalholiday才子佳人giftedscholarandbeautifullady中华文明Chinesecivilization中外学者Chineseandoverseasscholar寺庙temple汉学家sinologist考古学家archaeologist人类学家anthropologist历史学家historian地理学家geographer宿命论determinism守岁stayuplateonNewYear'sEve桂花sweetosmanthus中药traditionalChinesemedicine<TCM>文明摇篮cradleofcivilization明清两代theMingandQingDynasties江南SouthoftheYangtzeRiver水乡景色riversidescenery上海大剧院ShanghaiGrandTheater样板戏modelopera《霸王别姬》FarewelltoMyConcubine佛经Buddhistscripture都江堰DujiangWeir《孙子兵法》TheArtofWar《三字经》Three-CharacterScripture旗袍cheongsam;chi-paoXX装Chinesetunicsuit唐装TraditionalChinesegarment;Tangsuit风水geomancy胡同alley;hutong《神农本草经》ShenNong'sHerbalClassic针灸acupuncture推拿medicalmassage切脉feelthepulse旧石器时代thePaleolithicPeriod母系氏族社会matriarchalclansociety封建<制度>的feudal秦朝theQinDynasty汉朝theHanDynasty唐朝theTangDynasty宋朝theSongDynasty元朝theYuanDynasty明朝theMingDynasty清朝theQingDynasty秦始皇theFirstQinEmperor皇太后empressdowager春秋时期theSpringandAutumnPeriod四六级翻译词汇〔二：社会发展人工智能artificialintelligence生物技术biotechnology克隆clone基因突变geneticmutation基因工程geneticengineering转基因食品geneticallymodifiedfood<GMfood>小康社会awell-offsociety综合国力theoverallnationalstrength扶贫工程Anti-PovertyProject温饱工程Decent-LifeProject安居工程EconomyHousingProject生态农业environment-friendlyagriculture铁饭碗asecurejob外出打工人员migrantworker基层监督grass-rootssupervision价格听证会publicpricehearing家政服务householdmanagementservice假账falseaccounting智力密集型企业intelligence-intensiveenterprise三角债chaindebt素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopment;quality-orientededucation社会治安情况publicsecuritysituation改革开放政策thereformandopening-uppolicy一国两制OneCountry,TwoSystems人大代表NPCrepresentative法制观念awarenessoflaw公务员civilservant和谐并存harmoniouscoexistence西部大开发DevelopmentoftheWestRegions可持续性发展sustainabledevelopment虚拟现实virtualreality网民netizen<netcitizen>电脑犯罪computercrime应试教育exam-orientededucation学生减负reducestudyload综合治理comprehensivetreatment下海gointobusiness文化适应acculturation信息港informationport摇钱树theMoneyTree职业培训jobtraining人才交流talentexchange职业文盲functionalilliterate智力引进recruit/introducetalents早恋puppylove舆论导向directionofpublicopinion人口老龄化agingofpopulation人口出生率birthrate全国人口普查nationwidecensus人口激增populationexplosion预期寿命lifeexpectancy社会公益活动publicwelfareactivity活动中心recreationalcenter道德标准ethicalstandard尊老爱幼respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung退休金pension敬老院homefortheaged老年大学universityfortheaged养老金old-agepension社会保险socialinsurance人寿保险lifeinsurance多元文化论multiculturalism社会保障socialsecurity搬迁户arelocatedunitorhousehold信息革命informationrevolution信息高速公路informationsuperhighway办公自动化OfficeAutomation<OA>信息高地informationhighland教育界educationalcircles/world教育投入inputineducation九年义务教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation高考university/collegeentranceexamination高校扩招thecollegeexpansionplan初等教育elementaryeducation教育事业educationalcause高等教育highereducation高等学府institutionofhighereducation综合性大学comprehensiveuniversity文科院校collegeof<liberal>arts必修课required/compulsorycourse选修课elective/optionalcourse教学大纲teachingprogram;syllabus启发式教学heuristicteaching填鸭式教学crammingmethodofteaching学前教育preschooleducation校园数字化campusdigitalization城市化urbanization基础设施infrastructure第三产业tertiaryindustry商业化commercialization水短缺watershortage环境污染environmentalpollution过度工业化over-industrialization过度拥挤overcrowding财富分配wealthdistribution社会动荡socialinstability能源和资源消耗adrainonenergyandresources快节奏生活arapidpaceoflife社区服务communityservice挪用公款embezzlement充电<知识更新>updateone'sknowledge社会福利socialwelfare废物处理wastedisposal消费方式patternofconsumption恶性循环viciouscycle资源配置resourceallocation城市规划urbanplanning房地产realestate温室效应greenhouseeffect全民健身运动nationwidefitnesscampaign网络造谣fabricaterumorsonline网络出版onlinepublishing社会事业socialundertaking每人,人均percapita小康社会moderatelyprosperoussociety宏观调控macro-economiccontrol社会主义新农村newsocialistcountryside依法pursuanttothelaw生产力过剩surplusproductioncapacity节能energyconservation以房养老house-for-pensionscheme社区护理communitycare公务员civilservant取得突破makebreakthroughs义务教育compulsoryeducation杂费miscellaneousfees寄宿制学校boardingschool远程教育distanceeducation中等职业学校secondaryvocationalschool最低生活保障basiccostoflivingallowances自治区autonomousregion网上银行onlinebanking跨行转账inter-banktransfer手机银行mobilebanking解放思想freeone'smind与时俱进keeppacewiththetimes因地制宜tailormeasurestolocalconditions扣分处罚pointpenalty社会和谐socialharmony特别行政区specialadministrativeregion扩大内需expanddomesticdemand传染病communicable/infectiousdisease前沿cuttingedge民办学校non-publiclyfundedschool社会保障socialsecurity试点项目pilotproject反腐combatcorruption填补漏洞pluguploopholes武警armedpolice社会主义市场经济socialistmarketeconomy科学发展观ScientificOutlookonDevelopment社会主义和谐社会harmonioussocialistsociety中国特色社会主义socialismwithChinesecharacteristics行政审批administrativeexaminationandapproval"十二五"规划theTwelfthFive-YearPlan人工智能artificialintelligence生物技术biotechnology克隆clone试管婴儿test-tubebaby基因突变geneticmutation基因工程geneticengineering转基因食品geneticallymodifiedfood3D/三维电影three-dimensionalmovie三峡工程theThreeGorgesProject希望工程ProjectHope民族精神nationalspirit小康水平comparativelywell-offlevel多极世界multipolarworld一个中国原则theone-Chinaprinciple综合国力theoverallnationalstrength共同愿望commondesire/aspiration不结盟non-alignment单边主义unilateralism多边主义multilateralism无土栽培soillessculture生态农业environmental-friendlyagriculture农村剩余劳动力surplusrurallaborforce关系户closely-relatedunit低洼地区low-lyingarea淹没农田inundatecultivatedland终身职业lifelongcareer铁饭碗asecurejob外出打工人员migrantworker基层监督grass-rootssupervision基础税率basetarifflevel婚纱摄影weddingphotography机器阅卷machinescoring豆腐渣工程jerry-builtproject价格听证会publicpricehearing家政服务householdmanagementservice加强舆论监督enhancethesupervisionbythepublicopinion扩大中等收入者比重raisetheproportionofthemiddle-incomegroup借调temporarilytransfer假账falseaccounting智力密集型企业intelligence-intensiveenterprise下岗职工laid-offworker素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopment;quality-orientededucation形象小姐/先生imagerepresentativeofaproductorabrand社会治安情况publicsecuritysituation改革开放reformandopening-up一国两制OneCountry,TwoSystems和谐并存harmoniouscoexistence三个代表ThreeRepresents人大代表deputytotheNPC人大常委会StandingCommitteeoftheNPC法制观念awarenessoflaw法治国家acountryundertheruleoflaw官僚主义作风thebureaucraticstyleofwork计算机辅助教学computer-assistedinstruction虚拟现实virtualreality电脑犯罪computercrime网上购物onlineshopping应试教育exam-orientededucation学生减负reducestudyload下海gointobusiness;plungeintothecommercialsea舆论导向directionofpublicopinion提供各种便民服务providevariousconvenientservices新秀up-and-comingyoungster文化适应acculturation信息港informationport综合治理comprehensivetreatment以人为本peopleoriented;peopleforemost易拉罐pop-topcan虚拟网virtualnet职业培训jobtraining人才交流talentexchange人才战competitionfortalentedpeople职业文盲functionalilliterate智力引进recruit/introducetalent智商intelligencequotient<IQ>患难夫妻couplewhogothroughthickandthintogether招生就业指导办公室enrollmentandvocationguidanceoffice人口老龄化agingofpopulation人口出生率birthrate全国人口普查nationwidecensus人口激增populationexplosion预期寿命lifeexpectancy社会公益活动publicwelfareactivities尊老爱幼respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung教育事业educationalcause道德标准ethicalstandards娱乐中心recreationcenter搬迁户arelocatedunitorhousehold敬老院homefortheaged老年大学universityfortheaged养老金old-agepension社会保险socialinsurance人寿保险lifeinsurance多元文化论multiculturalism社会保障socialsecurity老弱病残theaged,theweak,thesick,andthedisabled大龄青年singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage核心家庭nuclearfamily直系家庭stemfamily大家庭extendedfamily破裂的家庭brokenfamily家庭规模familysize孝<道>filialpiety/duty孝顺showfilialobedience孝子/孝女dutifulson/daughter独生子女theonlychild媒人matchmaker统筹兼顾makeoverallplansandtakeallfactorsintoconsideration退耕还林还牧convertthelandforforestryandpasture未婚子女unmarriedchildren学生处students'affairsdivision在职博士生on-the-jobdoctor青少年犯罪juveniledelinquency教育界educationalcircles/world教育投入inputineducation九年义务教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation团队精神teamspirit高考university/collegeentranceexamination高校扩招thecollegeexpansionplan大学城college/universitytown初等教育elementaryeducation理工科大学college/universityofscienceandengineering政治思想教育politicalandideologicaleducation大学社区collegecommunity高等教育highereducation高等学府institutionofhighereducation综合性大学comprehensiveuniversity师范学院normalcollege文科院校collegesof<liberal>arts考研takethePostgraduateEntranceExamination高分低能highscoresandlowabilities四六级翻译词汇〔三：中国经济出租车起步价flag-downfare法定准备金率requiredreserveratio网购onlineshopping虚拟经济fictitiouseconomy反盗版anti-piracy知识产权intellectualpropertyrights出口退税taxrebates人民币升值RMBappreciation信贷紧缩creditcrunch最优惠贷款利率primelendingrate经济适用房economicallyaffordablehouse大宗交易系统blocktradingsystem暴利税windfallprofitstax从紧的货币政策tightmonetarypolicy宽松的货币政策easymonetarypolicy审慎的财政政策prudentfiscalpolicy股权收购stakepurchase房屋中介lettingagent地产经纪人estatebroker直销directselling传销pyramidselling吃回扣totake/receive/getkickback洗钱moneylaundering透支overdraft货币升值revaluation起征点cutoffpoint养老保险endowmentinsurance逃税taxevasion首次公开募股initialpublicoffering出口补贴exportsubsidy资产负债表balancesheet库存量inventory反倾销antidumping赤字shortfall资本净值networth牛市bullmarket法律风险legalrisk风险管理riskmanagement信用风险creditrisk第一产业<农业>primaryindustry第二产业<工业>secondaryindustry第三产业<服务业>tertiaryindustry国内生产总值grossdomesticproduct<GDP><商品和劳务币值总和,不包括海外收入支出>扩大内需expanddomesticdemand分期付款paymentbyinstallments计划经济plannedeconomy中国人民银行<中央银行>People'sBankofChina<CentralBank>四大国有商业银行fourmajorstate-ownedcommercialbanks居民储蓄存款residents'banksavingsdeposit泡沫经济bubbleeconomy经济过热overheatingofeconomy通货膨胀inflation实体经济therealeconomy经济规律lawsofeconomics市场调节marketregulation优化资源配置optimizeallocationofresources市场风险marketrisk国有企业state-ownedenterprises<SOEs>私营企业privatebusinesses中小企业smallandmedium-sizedenterprises电话会议conferencecall空头支票dishonoredcheque折旧depreciation多元化diversification倾销dumping电子商务E-commerce网上零售商E-retailer新兴市场emergingmarket汇率exchangerate上市,公开上市goingpublic合营企业,合资企业jointventure贷款人lender营销marketing中长期贷款mediumandlongtermloans道德风险moralhazard机会成本opportunitycost专利patent贸易赤字,贸易逆差tradedeficit贸易盈余,贸易顺差tradesurplus世界银行WorldBank世界贸易组织WorldTradeOrganization<WTO>宏观调控macroeconomicregulation社会主义新农村newsocialistcountryside生产力过剩surplusproductioncapacity节能energyconservation公务员civilservant远程教育distanceeducation最低生活保障basiccostoflivingallowance稳健的财政政策prudentfiscalpolicy所得税incometax高附加值highvalue-added社会主义市场经济socialistmarketeconomy科学发展观ScientificOutlookonDevelopment社会主义和谐社会harmonioussocialistsociety生活标准standardofliving购买力purchasingpower；buyingpower停滞stagnation平均收益averagerevenue商品commodity商品市场commoditymarket竞争性市场competitivemarket消费者偏好consumerpreference折扣discount劳动分工divisionoflabor经济效率economicefficiency规模经济economyofscale企业家精神entrepreneurship过度供给excesssupply;oversupply支出expenditure要素市场factormarket出租车起步价flagdownfare暴利税windfalltax实体经济realeconomy虚拟经济fictitious/virtualeconomy人民币升值appreciationoftheRMB住房保障制度housingsecuritysystem成品油refinedoil原油价飙升crudeoilpricessurge原油储备crudeoilstockpile油价机制oilpricemechanism经济特区specialeconomiczone软着陆softlanding结构改革structuralreform城镇化urbanization上座率seatoccupancyrate浮动票价floatingprices网络交易平台e-tradeplatform索赔claimforcompensation个体工商户individualbusiness房屋中介estateagent保险经纪人insuranceagent漫游费roamingfee单向收费one-waycharge来电免费业务freeincomingcall海关税收customsrevenue减税taxbreak高端产品high-endproduct跳槽job-hopping职员总数headcount投机speculation货币经纪人moneybroker解雇金severancepay高峰期peakseason出境游outboundtourism首次公开募股initialpublicoffering<IPO>新闻专线newswire衰退downturn人口红利demographicdividend刚性需求rigiddemand首付款downpayment炼油厂refinery官方证明书officialcertificate半导体semiconductor基准点benchmark借记卡debitcard最佳时期optimumperiod集体诉讼classaction财务欺诈accountingfraud次贷危机subprimelendingcrisis赤字deficit汽车制造商automaker电信业telecommunications储备金reserve钢铁工业ironandsteelindustry税收taxrevenue上市gopublic预算budget证券securities债券bond股份share通货紧缩deflation贸易保护主义tradeprotectionism第三产业tertiaryindustry赞助商sponsor贸易壁垒tradebarrier跨国公司multinationalcorporation关税tariff公司破产corporatebankruptcy反倾销anti-dumping配额quota汇率exchangerate生态补偿ecologicalcompensation节能灯energy-savinglamp差别电价differentialpowerpricing宏观调控体系macro-regulatorysystem恶性竞争cutthroatcompetition资源配置allocationofresources产业转移industrialtransfer产业升级industrialupgrading期货市场futuresmarket高附加值产品highvalue-addedproduct南南合作South-SouthCooperation南北对话North-SouthDialogue西部大开发WesternDevelopment西气东输工程West-EastPipelineProject信息革命informationrevolution信息高速公路informationhighway翻译练习四级TOPIC1：毛笔毛笔<Chinesebrush>是一种源于中国的传统书写工具,与墨、纸、砚<inkstone>并称为"文房四宝"。毛笔有着悠久的历史,相传为秦始皇的大将蒙恬所创。毛笔笔尖最初用兔毛,后来也用羊、狼、鸡、鼠等动物毛,笔管用竹或其他材料制成。在古代,毛笔不仅是一种基本的书写工具,还被广泛用于书法<calligraphy>和绘画创作。几千年来,它为创造中华民族光辉灿烂的文化做出了卓越的贡献。ChinesebrushisatraditionalwritinginstrumentoriginatingfromChina.Inkstick,paper,inkstoneandChinesebrushareknownas"FourTreasuresoftheStudy".Chinesebrushhasalonghistory.LegendhasitthatthebrushwasinventedbyMengTian,ageneralundertheFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty.Originally,theheadofthebrushwasmadefromrabbithairs,andlateralsofromthehairsofgoats,wolves,chickens,miceandotheranimals.Theshaftismadeofbambooorothermaterials.Inancienttimes,Chinesebrushwasnotonlyanessentialwritingtool,itwasalsowidelyusedincalligraphyandpainting.Forthousandsofyears,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothecreationoftheeffulgentChineseculture.TOPIC2：刺绣刺绣<embroidery>是中国民间传统手工艺之一,有着悠久的历史。刺绣的历史可以追溯到商朝,而汉朝则见证了刺绣在风格和技术上的一大飞跃。日月星辰、花鸟鱼虫等很多事物都可以成为刺绣的内容。在古代,刺绣只由特权<privileged>阶层独享,象征其较高的社会地位。随着社会的发展,刺绣逐渐进入普通百姓的生活。如今,刺绣已走出国门,成为中国人民与世界各国人民友好往来的桥梁。Embroidery,oneoftraditionalChinesefolkhandicrafts,hasalonghistory.ThehistoryofembroiderycantracebacktotheShangDynasty.TheHanDynastywitnessedaleapinthestylesandtechniquesofembroidery.Alotofthingscanbecomethecontentofembroidery,suchasthesun,themoon,thestars,flowers,birds,fishandinsects.Inancienttimes,embroiderycouldbeenjoyedonlybytheprivilegedclassandsymbolizedtheirhighsocialstatus.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,itentersthelifeofordinarypeople.NowadaysithassteppedoutofChinaandbecomeabridgeoffriendlyexchangesbetweentheChineseandforeigners.TOPIC3：中国菜中国的烹饪历史悠久,有8000多种有名的菜品,48种基本的烹饪方式,包括烤、煎、煮等。中国菜可以大致分为八大地方菜系<cuisine>,流传最广的当属XX菜系。川菜以麻辣著称,宫保鸡丁、麻婆豆腐大受人们欢迎,XX火锅是世界上最有名的火锅。除此之外,还有其他很多著名的地方菜系,如北京菜和上海菜。北京菜腻且偏咸,最典型的是北京烤鸭,几乎每一个到北京的外国人都会到全聚德吃烤鸭。上海菜油腻且口味偏甜,对于喜欢甜食的人再好不过了。Chinesecookinghasalonghistory.Thereareover8000well-knownChinesedishesand48basicwaysofcookingincludingroasting,fryingandboiling,etc.Chinesecookingcanberoughlydividedintoeightregionalschoolsofcuisine.ThemostpopularoneisSichuancuisine,whichisspicyandhot.Kung-paochickenandmapotofuareverypopularwithpeople.Sichuanhotpotisthemostfamoushotpotintheworld.Additionally,therearemanyotherfamouslocalschoolsofcuisine,suchasBeijingcuisineandShanghaicuisine.Beijingfoodisgreasyandalittlesalty.ThemosttypicaloneisBeijingroastduck.NearlyeveryforeignerwhocomestoBeijingwilltasteBeijingroastduckinQuanjudeRestaurant.Shanghaifoodisoilyandsweet.It'sthebestchoiceforpeoplewhohaveasweettooth.TOPIC4：宫廷建筑在中国漫长的封建<feudal>历史进程中,拥有至高无上权力的帝王们为自己建造了普通大众可望而不可即的宫廷楼宇,这些建筑体现了当时建筑技术的精髓。据史料记载,秦代的阿房宫、汉代的未央宫以及唐代的大明宫都是宏大的建筑群,有宽阔的庭院以及宏伟的殿堂。目前仅存的帝王宫殿是建于明清两代的北京紫禁城和XX故宫,它们代表了古代宫廷建筑技术和艺术的顶峰。InthelonghistoryofChinesefeudalsociety,theemperors,astheholdersofsupremepower,builtpalacesandotherstructuresforthemselveswhichthepopulacemightaspiretobutcouldneverattain.Thearchitecturerepresentstheessenceofthearchitecturaltechniquesatthattime.AncientrecordsdescribethenowvanishedEpangPalaceoftheQinDynasty,WeiyangPalaceoftheHanDynastyandDamingPalaceoftheTangDynastyashugeconstructionswithbroadcourtyardsandmagnificenthalls.TheonlyimperialpalacesextantnowadaysaretheForbiddenCityinBeijingandtheImperialPalaceinShenyang,whichwerebuiltduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Theyrepresentthebesttechnicalandartisticachievementsofancientpalacearchitecture.TOPIC5：动物的象征意义在中国,动物被赋予了独特的象征意义。例如:在中国传统文化中,金鱼象征着财富。中国人过春节时,最受欢迎的年画<NewYearPicture>就是一个大胖小子怀抱一条大金鱼,取意"富裕和谐"。在中国的传说中,蝴蝶象征着恋人之间至死不渝的爱情。虎在中国文化中是尊贵、力量和勇气的象征。在某些少数民族<ethnicminority>文化中,人们认为燕子成对出现昭示着美满的婚姻与幸福的生活。InChina,animalsareendowedwithspecialsymbolicmeanings.Forexample,thegoldfishmeansabundanceofgoldintraditionalChineseculture.IntheSpringFestival,oneofthemostpopularNewYearPicturesdepictsaplumpbabyholdingalargegoldfishwhichrepresents"wealthandharmony".Chineselegendhasitthatthebutterflysymbolizesanundyingbondbetweenlovers.Thetigerisseenasanemblemofdignity,powerandcourage.Inthecultureofsomeethnicminorities,thepresenceofswallowsinpairsisconsideredablessing,whichsignifiesaperfectmarriageandhappylife.六级TOPIC1：京剧角色"生、旦、净、丑"是京剧中的角色分类。"生"是男性正面角色,"旦"是女性正面角色,"净"是性格鲜明的男性配角<supportingrole>,"丑"是幽默滑稽的人物或反面角色。每种角色都有表明身份的脸谱<facialmake-up>和扮相<costume>,只要演员一上场,你一看便知。在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运,是京剧的一大特点,也是理解剧情的关键。简单地讲,红脸含有褒义,代表忠勇<valor>；黑脸为中性,代表猛<vigor>智；黄脸和白脸含贬义,代表凶诈。Sheng,dan,jing,chourefertodifferenttypesofrolesinPekingOpera.Shengisthepositivemalerole,anddanisthepositivefemalerole,whilejingisasupportingmalerolewithadistinctivecharacterandchouistheclownoranegativecharacter.Eachtypeofrolehasitsownfacialmake-upandcostumethatexposeitsidentityassoonashe/sheappearsonthestage.OnemajorcharacteristicofPekingOperaisthecolorpaintedonthefaceofacharacterthatshowsthepersonality,quality,roleandfate,whichisalsothekeytounderstandingtheplot.Toputitsimply,redispositive,standingforloyaltyandvalor;blackrepresentsaneutralrole,representingvigorandwisdom;yellowandwhitebothsuggestcunningandnegativecharacters.TOPIC2：筷子筷子由两根长短相同的木棍组成,是中国的传统餐具<eatingutensil>。筷子出现在三千多年前,它的出现不仅是中国烹饪文化的变革,也是人类文明的标志。此外,筷子在烹饪技巧的发展过程中也起着推动作用。如今,筷子不仅是一种餐具,还成为一种独特的文化形式,对于我们来说,筷子可以作为艺术品来欣赏、研究和收藏。筷子虽小,但仍被世界上许多人所推崇。一项有趣的实验表明,当你在使用筷子的时候,许多关节和肌肉都会得到锻炼。Chopsticks,thetraditionaleatingutensilsinChina,areapairofequallengthsticks.Chopsticksappearedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.TheappearanceofchopsticksisnotonlyarevolutionofChinesecuisineculture,butalsoasymbolofhumancivilization.Besides,chopstickshavepromotedthedevelopmentofcookingtechniques.Today,chopsticksarenotonlyakindoftableware,butalsohavebecomeauniquecultureform,cominginfrontofusasaworkofartforappreciation,researchandcollection.Chopsticksaresmall,buttheyareadoredbymanypeopleintheworld.Aninterestingexperimentshowsthatmanyjointsandmusclescanbeexercisedwhenyouusechopsticks.TOPIC3：胡同胡同,是北京特有的一种古老的城市小巷,在世界上是独一无二的。北京胡同已有800多年的历史,纵横交错于皇城周围。胡同不仅是城市的交通脉络,更是百姓生活的场所。作为北京历史和文化发展的舞台,它见证了历史的变迁<vicissitudes>和风貌,留下了许多社会生活的印记,保留了原汁原味的<authentic>老北京民俗风情。要想真正了解胡同,体味胡同,最好的办法就是亲自去走走、看看。那些古老的胡同,犹如滋味醇厚的佳肴,应当细细咀嚼、慢慢品味。AhutongisanancientcityalleywayorlaneuniquetoBeijing.Youcan'tfinditelsewhereintheworld.ThehistoryoftheBeijinghutongcanbetracedbackt