（全国卷）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars课时作业 新人教版必修3-新人教版高三必修3英语试题

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.阅读理解AHowoftenhaveyoureadastorythatafriendorfamilymemberhassentyou？Verylikelyyouwouldhaveskippedthenewshaditnotbeenpointedouttoyou.TraditionallynewspapersandfamousTVchannelshavebeenoursourceofauthenticnews.Butthesedayswiththepopularityofsocialmedia，sharingstoriesisincreasinglybecomingafavoritesourceofnews.Infact，researchsuggeststhatmorethanhalfthepeoplegettheirnewstodayfromsocialmediasuchasFacebook，TwitterandGoogle.Socialmediasitesoftenaggregatecontentsforustoseebasedontrendingtopics—storiesthathavebeenviewedbymanyothersaswellasbasedonourownpastsearchesandanalysisofourlikesanddislikes.Ifyouhavelikedkittensinthepast，youmayhavenoticedthatyouareseeingmorenews，blogsandanalysisaboutkittensallofasudden.Whileadvocatesoffreespeechdonotwanttocontrolanyvoice，itiscertainlyharmfulwhenitisdifficulttoseparatetruthfromfiction.Imaginetheinfluenceoffake(虚假的)newswhenitbeginstoaffectourownlives.Trustingapieceofnews，patientscouldveryeasilyfallforwrongdiagnosis;elderscouldgivemoneytocheatsandreputationofperfectlyuprightcitizenscouldbeeasilyruined.Whataboutwhenweresearchforaschoolprojectandbaseouranalysisonfalseinformationornews?MarkZukerberghasfinallyacknowledgedtheissue.Amongseveralprojectsthatthecompanyisconsidering，Facebookistryingtotakepowerfulmeasurestocrackdownonfalsenews.Thiswouldincludewarninglabelsonfakecontents.Fakenewsalsomakesalotofprofitsfromadvertising.GoogleandFacebookhavesaidtheywilllimitadvertisingprofitsontheirnetworkfromsuchsites.Thebottomline—don'tbelieveeverywordofwhatyouread.Domoreresearchfrommultiple(多样的)sourcestoensurethatthenewsisindeedtruebeforeyousharewithothers.[语篇解读]本文为一篇说明文。现在社交媒体充斥着大量虚假信息，这些信息的传播对人们的生活危害很大。为了治理这种现象，一些社交媒体已经采取了一些措施。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggregate”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Analyze. B．Cancel.C．Gather. D．Rewrite.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可推知：社交媒体经常根据用户的浏览、搜索信息为用户收集信息，由此可见aggregate意为：gather(收集)。analyze“分析”；cancel“取消”；rewrite“改写”。答案：C2．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Peopletendtobelievethenewsonsocialmedia.B．Falsenewsisfashionableonsocialmedia.C．Falsestoriesaresharedquicklyacrosssocialmedia.D．Misleadinginformationharmsus.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Whileadvocatesoffreespeechdonotwanttocontrolanyvoice，itiscertainlyharmfulwhenitisdifficulttoseparatetruthfromfiction.”可知：误导人的信息对我们有害，故答案为D项。答案：D3．HowwillFacebookdealwithfalsenews?A．Tolabelfakecontentstowarn.B．Toforbidadvertisingonitsnetwork.C．Toprovethenewsfrommultiplesources.D．Toclosedownthesitesoffalsenews.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Thiswouldincludewarninglabelsonfakecontents.”(这包括给虚假信息做上警示标记)可知答案为A项。答案：A4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．KeepAwayfromFakeNewsB．NeverBlindlyBelieveAnythingYouReadC．RefusetoSpreadHarmfulInformationD．SeparateTruthfromFictionSkillfully解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了现在一些社交媒体中充斥着大量的虚假信息，这些信息对人们有很大危害。因此作者告诫读者不要盲目相信媒体上的信息，在传播信息之前一定要确保信息的真实性。由此可见B项最适合作为本文的题目。答案：BBRunoutofcookingoilorneedsomedressingforyoursalad？Thesolutionmaybeinsectsfromyourbackyard！Scientistsareturninginsectsintoasourceofhealthyoil.Eventhoughinsectsareafoodsourceinsomepartsoftheworld，tomanypeople，thethoughtofeatingthemisverydisgusting.“Inthewesterncountries，thereisnocultureofeatingentireinsects，sowhentheideaistousetheproteininpowderasaningredient，peoplemighttendtoreceivethisproteinbettereveniftheycannotseeit，”saidresearcherDaylanTzompas­Sosa，WageningenUniversity，Netherlands.“Therearemanyusesfortheoilingeneral，butweareinvestigatingtheuseoftheseoilsforafood，asafoodingredient.”TheMexicanresearcher，workingintheNetherlands，saidinsectsareagreatsourceofheart­healthyomega­3fattyacids，whichcanhelptreatanxietydisordersymptoms.BackinguptheincreasedrelianceoninsectsistheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Ina2013report，theUNagencyallowedthecultivationofbugsasafoodsource，sayingit'senvironmentallyfriendlyandcouldboosttheworld'sfoodproduction.Thereareclearreasonswhyexpertsadvisepeopletoeattheinsects.Expertssayinsectsrequirelittlefoodtogrowandthebackyardcanbeagoodplacetoraisethem.Andthere'snoshortageofprotein­richinsects，whichcontainfat，vitamins，fiberandminerals.Researcherssaydifferentbugsprovideuniquetastesandtextures.“Thisisveryliquidandithasadifferentcolor，sothiscanbeusedasadressingforexampleandit'seasytouseandthiscanbeusedforexampleforpastry，becauseforpastryyouneedhardfats，”statedTzompas­Sosa.Butnotallinsectsproducegoodoil.Cockroachesdon't.Thebugoilsmustbetestedtomakesuretheyaresafetoconsume.Butgettingoverthe“ickfactor”maybeabiggerchallenge.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食用昆虫的问题。文章指出了食用昆虫的好处，同时指出有些昆虫在使用前还需进一步测试以确保其安全性。5．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseofbugoils?A．Doubtful. B．Objective.C．Supportive. D．Unfavorable.解析：推理判断题。作者只是客观陈述了食用昆虫的问题，并没有给出自己的观点，故本题答案为B项。答案：B6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“Backingup”inParagraph3?A．Raising. B．Rejecting.C．Supporting. D．Enjoying.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Ina2013report，theUNagencyallowedthecultivationofbugsasafoodsource，sayingit'senvironmentallyfriendlyandcouldboosttheworld'sfoodproduction.”可知联合国粮食和农业组织支持食用昆虫，故答案为C项。答案：C7．Whydoexpertssuggesteatingtheinsects?A．They'rerichinminerals.B．Theyhavedifferentcolors.C．Theytastegood.D．They'reeasytoraise.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Expertssayinsectsrequirelittlefoodtogrowandthebackyardcanbeagoodplacetoraisethem.”可知，专家们认为昆虫需要很少的食物去饲养，并且自家院落就可以养殖，因此可知，昆虫很容易饲养，故答案为D项。答案：D8．Fromthelastparagraph，wecanlearnthat.A．allinsectscannotproducegoodoilB．thebugoilsarethemostdeliciousC．it'ssafetoconsumethebugoilsD．theuseofbugoilsisbanned解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butnotallinsectsproducegoodoil.Cockroachesdon't.”可知，食用昆虫还需测试，并不是所有的昆虫都适合食用，因此答案为A项。答案：AⅡ.完形填空IhavewrittenapoemcalledFlyingKites，inwhichaman1hissontoflyakite.Afterafewminutes，thechild2dropsthestringandletsthekitesoar(高飞)．Withjoyinhiseyes，hewatchesitclimbuntilitdisappears3.Thefatherrealizesthat4he'llhavetoloosenthetiethatbinds(绑)himtohisson.Andhe5“WillIreleasethestringasunselfishlyasthat？”Manyyearslatermyson，Gary，6hewouldn'tfinishhiscollegecareer.Itriedtotalkhimoutofit.Butnoneofmyreasoningmadeany7.AttheendofthesemesterGarymovedbackhome.Garymanagedtofinda8atanurseryandwentatitwithusualenthusiasm.I，9，wasdeeplydisappointed.Whatwasacollegeprofessor's10doingatajobthatanyhighschooldropoutcouldperform?ThenItriedto11him.“Look，”Isaid，“inafewyearsyou'llbeatyourhighschoolreunionwith12classmateswhobecamedoctors，lawyers，andengineers.Doyouthinkyou'llbeableto13that？”“Yes，Dad，”herepliedwithout14.Thenhefixedhiseyesonmineandsaid，“Buttherealquestionis：Canyou？”Shamesuddenly15me.Iwasn'tthinkingaboutmyson；Iwasthinkingaboutmyselfandwhatmyfriendswouldthink.Theproblemwasn'tGary'spride；itwasmine.AllatonceIrememberedmy16andthequestionitasks“WillIreleasethe17asunselfishlyasthat？”AtthatmomentIknewIhadtoletgo.Garywas18enoughtomakehisownchoices.TodayGaryhasasuccessfulcareerworkingforthecity.Iamvery19ofwhohehasbecome.20Iletgoofmypride，I'vebeenabletositbackandenjoywatchinghimsoar.[语篇解读]本文主要讲述了作者应对儿子大学辍学这一情况的故事。1．A.orders B．instructsCadvises D．allows解析：根据语境可推知，一个男人在教儿子放风筝。instruct“教授”。故选B。答案：B2．A.suddenly B．actuallyC．properly D．sadly解析：根据下文可知，诗篇中的儿子突然(suddenly)把线松开，让风筝高飞。答案：A3．A.inarow B．inawayC．innotime D．inthedistance解析：与语境“disappears”呼应可推知，风筝消失在远方(inthedistance)。答案：D4．A.abruptly B．eventuallyC．absolutely D．apparently解析：这个男人意识到最终(eventually)他必须对儿子放手。答案：B5．A.responds B．guessesC．wonders D．hesitates解析：结合语境可推知，诗篇中的父亲有疑问，想知道自己将来会不会无私地“松开线”。wonder“想知道”。答案：C6．A.believed B．explainedC．regretted D．announced解析：根据语境可推知，作者的儿子宣布他将不会完成大学学业。答案：D7．A.progress B．decisionC．effort D．difference解析：根据下文的“AttheendofthesemesterGarymovedbackhome.”可知，作者的劝说毫无作用。makeadifference意为“有作用”。答案：D8．A.ball B．jobC．kite D．toy解析：根据下文的“Whatwasacollegeprofessor's10doingatajob”可知，作者的儿子找到了一份工作。答案：B9．A.therefore B．besidesC．however D．otherwise解析：根据上文的“withusualenthusiasm”和下文的“wasdeeplydisappointed”可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系。答案：C10．A.daughter B．nephewC．son D．cousin解析：根据上下文可知，Gary和作者是父子关系。答案：C11．A.support B．acceptC．control D．persuade解析：根据作者下文所说的话和上文的“reasoning”可知，作者想劝说儿子放弃那份工作，因为作者感到很失望。persuade“劝说”。答案：D12．A.honest B．ordinaryC．latter D．former解析：根据“reunion”可知，此处是和以前的高中同学团聚。former“以前的”。答案：D13．A.prevent B．forgetC．handle D．admit解析：根据语境可知，作者认为儿子的工作一个高中辍学者都可以做，而他的同学们则成了医生、律师和工程师，作者问儿子能否应对这种情况。handle“应付，处理”。答案：C14．A.hesitation B．commitmentC．permission D．comment解析：作者的儿子很坚定地回答，没有丝毫犹豫，与语境“Yes，Dad，”呼应。答案：A15．A.deserted B．silencedC．ignored D．angered解析：根据上文可知，儿子的话让作者沉默了。答案：B16．A.essay B．articleC．poem D．passage解析：根据上文的“IhavewrittenapoemcalledFlyingKites”可知，作者想起了自己写的那首诗。答案：C17．A.secret B．stringC．dog D．news解析：根据上文的“WillIreleasethestringasunselfishlyasthat”可知，此处表示要放开风筝上的线。答案：B18．A.old B．honestC．lucky D．cute解析：根据空后的“makehisownchoices”可推知，儿子已经长大，可以自己做决定了。答案：A19．A.guilty B．tiredC．afraid D．proud解析：根据上文的“TodayGaryhasasuccessfulcareerworkingforthecity.”可推知，父亲看到儿子的成功，自然是为之自豪。答案：D20．A.Since B．WhenC．Although D．Unless解析：根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系。since“因为，既然”。答案：AⅢ.短文改错Hereisafunnystory.Onedaythreemousessaidproudlytoeachotherthattheyeachcoulddrinkmorewine，sotheydecidedtohaveadrinkingcontest.Atlasttheybothfeltdizzy.Onesuggested，“Willanybodygotothewinecellartofetchanotherbot