新视野大学英语(第三版)Book2 Unit 2 Section A 词汇(课堂版)

./Unit2SectionAVocabularyThehumanities:Outofdate?accounting:n.[U]theworkifaccountingorthemethodstheyuse会计；会计学Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.calculate:vt.makeajudgmentaboutwhatislikelytohappenusingtheavailableinformation估计；预测；推测It’sdifficulttocalculatethelong-termeffectsofthesechangesinthelaw.2findouthowmuchsth.willcost,howlongsth.willtake,etc.byusingnumbers计算,核算Nowadaystheaccountantsinenterpriseusecomputerstocalculatethecostofproductionwithaccuracy.Boost:vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促进；推动；使兴旺Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.Prospect：n.sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibilityitself可能的事情；很可能发生的事情；前景Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.Defect:Vt.leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone背叛；叛逃Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate1970s.N．afaultinsb.orsth.缺点；欠缺；不足之处Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.DefectVSdeficiency1在表示"人的缺点,设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷"时,名词defect和deficiency的词义相近。Physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.这款新汽车因有机械缺陷,必须被撤出市场。Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.这项计划的缺陷是很明显的,所以它不可能成功2但表示"缺少,不足"〔shortage时,只可用deficiencyThereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft符合要求的飞机数量严重不足Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。Applied：a.usedfordescribingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfortheirpracticaluses〔学科应用的,实用的Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.Bet：vt.befairlysurethatsth.istrue,thatsth.willhappen,ect.,althoughyoucan’tprovethis肯定Ibetthetrainwillbelate.V.riskmoneyontheresultofarace,game,competitionorotherfutureevent下赌注；与……打赌Ibetmylifethathewilltakemymoneyandlife.Persist:vt.continuetoexist继续存在；持续Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.Continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit坚持；执意Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.PersistVSinsistpersist可用来表示"继续存在；持续",尤其用于不好的事情,而insist没有此意。Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持续,请联系您的医生。persist和insist容易混淆主要是当两者均表示"坚持"时。Persist用于表示"坚持"时,表示"坚持反复做同一件事",后接介词In,多用于褒义,指"坚持继续做某事",有时用于贬义,指"不听劝告；顽固坚持"。Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.她的母亲劝她早点睡,但她坚持工作到凌晨。Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身,他仍坚持饮酒。Insist用于表示"坚持"时,表示"坚持做某件事〔尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事",后接介词on。SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.当我想泡个澡的时候,她还在那洗头。insist还可用于表示"对意见、主等的坚持"。Insist用于此意时,后可接介词On,也可以接that引导的从句〔是否用虚拟语气,视情况而定,即看从句的容是否为事实,而persist无此意。Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。Thedoctorinsistedthatshe<should>takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.医生坚持让她服此药,但她坚持自己没病。Accelerate:v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate〔使加快；促进Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.Succession：n.[sing.]aseriesofpeopleorthingsofthesametype一连串,一系列〔同类型的人或物Aftergraduation,hetookasuccessionoflow-paidjobs.Insuccession:happeningoneaftertheotherwithoutanythingdifferenthappeninginbetween连续发生地,接连发生地Sheisanaccomplishedathleteandwonthechampionshipfourtimesinsuccession.Liberal:a.<～arts>schoolorcollegesubjectsthatgivestudentsageneraleducationandteachthemtothinkratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科Theliberalartsarecollegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,languagesandliteraturebutnotsciences.2Acceptingdifferentopinionsandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeople心胸宽广的；开明的Sheisknowntohaveliberalviewsondivorce.Logical：a.connectingideasorreasonsinasensibleway合乎逻辑的；合理的Itislogicaltothinkthatwhenpeoplearedeprivedoftheirfamiliarsurroundingstheywillfeeldisoriented.Bound：n.<~to>sth.thatisboundtohappenwillalmostcertainlyhappen一定的；几乎肯定的Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.Dominant:a.moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype有优势的；占统治地位的Unemploymentratewillbethedominantissueatthenextpresidentelection.Pillar：n.[C]averyimportantpartofasystemofbeliefsorideas〔信仰或思想非常重要的部分Equalityisoneofthepillarsofastablesociety.2athickstronguprightpostthatsupportspartofabuilding柱子；支柱Eightmassivestonepillarssupportedtheroof.vivid：havingorproducingveryclearanddetailedimagesinthemind清晰的,生动的Hegaveaveryvividandoftenshockingaccountofhistimeinprison.compel：forsbtodosth.强迫；迫使Asaschoolboy,hewascompelledtowearshortseveninwinter.UsageNOTEcompel,oblige,force这三个词都有"强迫"之意,但程度不同。1.Compel表示"强迫；迫使",指"运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事",尤其在被动语态中含"别无他法,不得不做"之意,compel的意义比force弱。Heillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。2.Oblige表示"强制,不得不",指"因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做某事",多用被动语态,语气相对较弱。Weareoligedtostopthecarataredlight.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。3.Force表示"强迫,迫使,逼迫",指"以暴力威胁,武力强迫对方做某事",后面跟的动作常是不情愿做的事,force的语气比compel和oblige强。Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。Compelling:interestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattentioncompletely有强吸引力的,引人入胜的SteveJobs’lifemakesacompellingstory.promote:vt.Supportorencouragesth.支持；鼓励；提倡Toacknowledgeothercultureswillpromotegoodwillamongpeopleofdifferentbackground.Speculate:v.considerordiscusswhysth.hashappened思索；沉思；推测；猜测Archeologistsspeculatethatpeoplefirstreachedtheislandover1,000yearsago.Speculateabout/on:makeguessesaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsth.withoutknowingallthefactsordetails猜测；推测Itistooearlytospeculateabouttheoutcomeofthenegotiationsbetweentheworkersunionandthecompany’sleadership.Mystery:n.[c,usu.sing.]sth.Thatyouarenotabletounderstand,explain,orgetinformationabout不可思议的事物；无法解释的事物；谜NoonehadeverbeenabletoexplainthemysteryoftheBurmudaTriangle.destruction;n.[U]damagethatissoseverethatsth.stopsexistingorcanneverreturntoitsnormalstate毁灭；摧毁；破坏ThedestructioncausedbytoomanywarsandthedeathofmillionsofpeopleshookthefoundationofWesternidealism.unconscious:a.relatingtoorcomingfromthepartofyourmindinwhichtherearethoughtsandfeelingsthatyoudonotrealizeyouhave潜意识的；下意识的；无意识的Idon’tknowifhenoticedmyunconsciousdesire.destructive:a.causingseveredamageorharm破坏性的；毁灭性的Lackoftrustisverydestructiveinarelationship.architect:n.[C]sb.whosejobistodesignbuildings建筑师Heisthearchitectofthisbuilding,andhe’salwaysontheconstructionsite.landscape：n.[C]1>aphotographorpaintingshowinganareaofcountrysideorland风景照；风景画Adamsiswell-knownforhislandscapesofYosemiteNationalPark.2>anareaoflandthatisbeautifultolookatorhasaparticulartypeofappearance<陆上的>风景,景致,景色Thelandscapeisdottedwiththetentsofcampers.fertile:a.1>abletoproducegoodideasorresults富有成果的；有想象力的Apoetmusthaveafertileimagination.2>abletoproducegoodcropsorplants<土地>肥沃的,富饶的FertilesoilhelpsCanadarankamongtheworld’sleadingwheatproducers.elegant:a.1>veryintelligentyetsimple<想法或计划>巧妙的,简洁的Thedocumentimpressedmewithitselegantsimplicity.2>beautiful,attractiveandgraceful优美的；高雅的Patricialookedbeautifulandelegantasalways.analysis:n.[C,U]aprocessofstudyingorexaminingsth.indetailinordertounderstanditorexplainit分析IaminterestedinClare’sanalysisofthesituationinChina.spectacular:a.extremelyimpressive引人入胜的；非常壮观的Therewasaspectacularsunsetlastnight.brand:n.[C]aproductorgroupofproductsthathasitsownnameandismadebyoneparticularcompany品牌；商标TheBeatlesareprobablyoneofthemostspectacularbrandsofmusiciansintheworld.invest:v.useyourmoneywiththeaimofmakingaprofitfromit投资Heinvestedallourprofitsingoldshares.investsb./sth.withsth.:<fml.>givesb.orsth.aparticularquality赋予〔某人或某物以〔某种性质Naturehasinvestedtheseanimalswithacapacityfornotshowingfear.insight:n.1>[U]theabilitytonoticeandunderstandalotaboutpeopleorsituations洞察力；领悟力Itwasaninterestingbook,fulloffascinatinginsightintohumannature.2>[C,U]asuddenclearunderstandingofsth.,esp.sth.complicated顿悟；洞悉；见解Herresearchhasgivenussomeinsightintowhatsparksateenager’scuriosity.thereby：ad.<fml.>becauseoforbymeansofwhathasjustbeenmentioned因此；从而；借此Westartedourjourneyearly,therebyavoidingmostofthetraffic.thescopeof:therangeof围TheStudentAssociationhaspromisedtowidenthescopeofactivities.undertake:vt.<undertook,undertaken>agreetoberesponsibleforajoborprojectanddoit承担；着手做Thepolicehasundertakentoinvestigatethemurdercase.candidate:n.[C]sb.whoisbeingconsideredforajoboriscompetinginanelection候选人OneUScorporationofferedalargesumofmoneyinsupportofaUSpresidentialcandidateatatimewhenthecompanywasunderinvestigation.breakthrough:n.[C]adiscoveryorachievementthatcomesafteralotofhardwork突破；重大发现；重大成就Scientistshavemademorethanonemajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofcancer.barrier:n.[C]anythingthatpreventsprogressormakesitdifficultforsb.toachievesth.障碍T