热点08空间站建造与发展历程(原卷)备战中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读题型专练(全国通用)

备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点08空间站建造与开展历程一、阅读理解1Spacetravelisnothingnew.Thefirstspacecraftwithahumanwassentupintospacein1961.Sincethen,peoplehavenotonlytraveledtospace,butalsomanyofthemhavelivedthereinspacestationsforsometime.TheSovietUnion(前苏联)sentthefirstspacestationintospacein1971.ThisspacestationwascalledSalyut1.Salyut1wasdesignedasaplacewherepeoplecouldlivewhiletheyobservedspaceanddidexperiments.Thefirstgroupofastronautslivedtherefor23days.TheSovietUnionwentontomakesevenmoreSalyutspacestations.Ataboutthesametime,theUnitedStatesbuiltitsownspacestation,calledSkylab.Astronautsvisitedandoftenlivedinthesespacestationsforashorttime.However,itwasn’tuntilthelate1980swhenTheSovietUnionsenttheMirspacestationthatpeoplebegantoliveinspaceforalongertime.Mirstayedinspacefrom1989until2001,whenitwasdecidedthatthespacestationwastoooldandnolongersafetolivein.Livinginspacestationsseemstobefun,butastronautsfacemanyproblems.Oneofthemisfood.AllthemealsonspacestationareputtogetheronEarthandsenttherebyspaceshuttle.Becausethefoodhastolastalongtime(sometimesuptothreemonths),alotofithastobestoredincans.Thespacestationdoesnothaveafridge,butithasacoolroomtokeepfruitandvegetablesfresh.Astronautsalsoeatmanyotherfoodssuchasdriedmeatthatdonotneedspecialcare.Withoutthehelpofgravity,sittingdowntoeatcanbetough.Astronautssometimeshavetofixthemselvestothewallwhileeating.Theyalsohavetobeverycarefultothatfooddoesnotfloataway.1.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“observed〞inParagraph2?A.DiscoveredB.CheckedC.WatchedD.Fixed2.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthepassage?A.Astronautscanneverhaveachancetoeatfreshfoodwhentheyliveinspacestation.B.TheSovietUnionsentatotalof9spacestationsintospaceinthe1970sand1980s.C.AstronautscouldliveintheMirspacestationfornomorethanthreeweeks.D.Spacetravelhasquitealonghistoryofmorethan60years.3.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ExploringSpaceB.SpaceTravel C.LivinginSpace D.SpaceStations2Mostpeoplehaveaplacecalled“home〞ontheearth.Whataboutinouterspace?TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)becameourfirst“home〞inspacein2000.Itwelcomeditsfirstworkerthatyear,buildingthewayfor20yearsoffutureresearch.“Youjusthavethisideathatwe’reallcitizens(公民〕ofnotacountry,butoftheplanet,〞saidScottKelly,aformerNASAastronaut.“We’reallinthisthingcalledhumanitytogether.〞Duringthepast20years,theISShasdonealotofscientificexperiments.Theywentonspacewalks,didresearchonhowspacemakesadifferencetothehumanbodyandevengrewplantsinspace.Thestation’sdevelopmentisalsogoodforpeopleontheearth.Forexample,thestation’swaterpurificationtechnologyisusedinpoorareastoprovidecleandrinkingwater.Thestationalsohelpstotellusnaturaldisastersintime,suchasearthquakes.However,afterbeingourhomeinspaceforover7,000days,thestationisstartingtogetold.Itletsoutairafewtimes.Scientiststhinkthatthestationcankeepworkinguntil2024.Afterthat,scientistswillbringitdowntotheearth.Itisbelievedthattheearth’sairwillburnupmostofthestation.OtherpartsofthestationwillfallintothePacificOcean.Inthefuture,spacewillbehometomorestationsliketheISS.NASAisbuildingaspacestationthatissmallerthantheISSnearthemoon.Also,Chinawillhaveitsownspacestationupandrunningin2022.4.FromScottKelly’swordinParagraph2,wecanknowthat________.A.theISSworksforallhumans B.anyonecancometotheISSC.people’slifeinspaceisdifficult D.shedoesn’twanttoworkhereatall5.Theastronautsnever________ontheISS.A.walkedinspace B.gavelessonsontheInternetC.grewplants D.cleaneddrinkingwater6.Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.A.TheHistoryofOurPlanet B.TheInternationalSpaceStationC.LifeintheOuterSpace D.ScottKelly,aFamousAstronaut.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ChinawillsendastronautstotheISS.B.It’llbeeasiertogotospaceinthefuture.C.Morecountriesplantosetupstationsinspace.D.NASAwillbuildanotherspacestationnearthesun.3AccordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceEngineeringOffice,theTiangongspacestationhasmadekeytechnologybreakthroughsinitsmajorsystem.Itisexpectedtobefullyoperationalaround2022.TheLongMarch5Bcarrierrocketisplannedtomakeitsfirstflightinthefirsthalfof2021.ThefightwillalsobethefirstofChina'smannedspacestationmissions.China'sspacestationprogramwillincludethreephases.LongMarch5B'sfirstflightbelongstothefirstphase,anditwillincludesixmissions.Thesecondphasewillalsoincludesixsuchmissions.TheTiangongstationwillincludeacoremoduleandtwospacelabs.Whenitbecomesoperational,ShenzhoumannedspaceshipswillcarryastronautswhileTianzhoucargospaceshipswilldeliversupplies.Thespacestationisdesignedforaten-yearservicelife.Thiscouldbeextendedthroughrepairsaccordingtofutureresearchneeds.Thestationcanholdthreeastronautsforlongstays.Duringspecialtines,itcanholduptosixastronautsforshortperiods,TheChinesespacestationisopentotheworld,18countrieshavebeenadmitted,exceptonecountry.Chinahasmademanyachievementsinitsmannedspaceprogram.Uptonow,ithassuccessfullylaunchedsixmannedspaceships.ElevenChineseastronautshavegoneintospaceandreturnedtotheEarthsafely.8.TheTiangongspacestationhasmadekeytechnologybreakthroughsinits_________.A.majorsystem B.flighttime C.coremodule D.spacelabs9.ThefirstofChina'smannedspacestationmissionswillbecarried________.A.in2021 B.in2021 C.in2022 D.in202410.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"carp"?A.车辆 B.货物 C.科技 D.载人11.HowmanyChineseastronautshavebeensentintospace?A.Six. B.Seven. C.Ten. D.Eleven.12.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.China'sFirstSpaceStation.B.TheLongMarch5BCarrierRocket.C.ACoreModuleandTwoSpaceLabs.D.ChinaHasMadeManyAchievements.4TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isthebiggestsatellitebecausescientistswanttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.ThespaceshuttlediscoveryhastakenofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinCapeCanaveral,FloridaseveraltimesandcarriedafewgroupsofastronautstotheInternationalSpaceStation.Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayandstudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Labs,livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostexpensivespaceprogramever.Millionsandmillionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeasteppingstoneforfuturespaceexploration."TheISSwillhelpusbetterunderstandthehumanbody,explore(knowmoreabout)spaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter,"saidKathrynClark,anISSscientist.Sixteencountriesareintheprogram:TheUS,Russia,Canada,Japan,Braziland11Europeancountries.ChinaisnotanISScountry,butithelpedwithsomeoftheexperiments.In2003,ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.Ifyouwatchtheskyforaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseethemovingISS.Afterit'sfinished,morethan90percentoftheworld'spopulationwillbeabletoseethespacestation.Sokeeplookingup,andmaybeyou'llseeitgetbiggerandbrighter.13.Whatdothescientiststhinkisthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspace?A..Tosendthesatellites.C.Toliveinspace. D.Toflyfarintospace.14.Itseemsthat________.A.wecanprobablyseetheISSwhenthesungoesdownB.somescientistsfromChinahavebeentotheISSin2021C.ChinaisoneofthemembersintheISSgroupD.theISSisstillinthespacebuthasstoppedworking15.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasepowerstationsmeaninChineseinParagraph2?A.供给站 B.救济站 C.发电站 D.空间站16.WhydidthescientistssenduptheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)?A.Becausetheywouldsendupmostoftheearthpeopletolivethere.B.BecausetheycouldtalkwithsomeChineseschoolstudents.C.BecausetheyhopedtotraveltoMarsandVenussomeday.D.Becausetheywantedtoliveinspaceanddobetterresearch.17.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheSpace B.TheSpaceShip C.TheBiggestSatellite D.TheFutureSpaceExploration5TwoChinesespacecraftssuccessfullycompletedChina’sfirstspacedocking(对接)earlyNovember3,2021,whichhastakenthecountryastepclosertobuildingitsownspacestation.Nearlytwodaysafteritslaunch,theunmannedspacecraftShenzhouVIIIdockedwiththespacelabmoduleTiangongImorethan343kmabovetheearthsurface.ShenzhouVIIIandTiangongItookapartafterflyingtogetherfor12days.Onthe14thofNovember,thetwospacecraftsfinishedtheseconddocking.ThenShenzhouVIIIpartedfromTiangongIagainandreturnedtotheearthsafelyonthe17th.TiangongIisstilltravelingaroundtheearthinthespace,waitingforthearrivalofShenzhouIXandXandsooninthenearfuture.ThatmarkedanothergreatleapforChina’sspaceprogramandmadeChinathethirdcountryintheworld,aftertheUnitedStatesandRussia,masterthespacedockingtechnique(空间对接技术).Theworld’sfirstspacedockingwasachievedin1966,whenthemannedU.S,spacecraftGemini8dockedwithanunmannedAgenaTargetVehicle.SpacedockingisnecessarytoexplorespacebeyondEarth’sorbit(轨道).“ThecapabilityincreasesChina’sabilitytoactindependentlyinspace,aswellasitsabilitytoworktogetherwithothers,〞saidGregoryKulacki,aU.S.spacescientistandsenioranalyst.“Withthesuccessofitsfirstspacedocking,Chinaisnowequippedwiththebasictechnologyandabilityrequiredfortheconstructionofaspacestation,〞saidZhouJianping,chiefdesignerofChina’smannedspaceprogram.〞Thecountryisonitswaytobuildingapermanentmannedspacestationaround2021.〞18.WhatdidthesuccessofthefirstspacedockingmeantoChina?A.ChinahascaughtupwiththeUnitedStatesinthespaceexplorationfield.B.Chinatookastepclosertobuildingitsownspacestation.C.Chinabecamethefirstcountrytomasterthespacedockingtechnique.D.Chinahastheabilitytobuildapermanentmannedspacestationrightnow.19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That〞inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.ShenzhouVIIIB.TiangongIC.TheSpaceStationD.ThesuccessofChina’sfirstspacedocking20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TiangongIwillflyinthespacefor12days.B.Thefirstspacedockingoftheworldwasachievedin1966,byRussians.C.Withoutspacedockingtechniquepeoplecan’texplorespacebeyondEarth’sorbit.D.TheU.S.AhelpedChinaachievethefirstspacedocking.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotTrue?A.ShenzhouVIIIdockedwiththespacelabmoduleTiangongIonNovember3,2021B.ShenzhouVIIIreturnedtotheearthsafelyonNovember17,2021.C.TheUSA,RussiaandChinahavemasteredthespacedockingtechniqueD.TiangongIisstilltravelingaroundtheearth,waitingforthearrivalofShenzhouIXandXaround2021.22.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThefirstspacedockingofChina.B.Thehistoryofspacedocking.C.Thefirstspacedockingoftheworld.D.Thespacedockingtechnique二、完型填空Lifeinspaceisdifferent23lifeonearth.Howdoastronautslive,workandplaythere?Itisveryinteresting.Spacefood24morelikethefoodweeatonearth.Inthepastastronautscould25onlysmallpiecesofdriedfood.Nowthespacestation26waterandiceboxes.Theycaneatmucheverydayfoodsuchasfruit,vegetablesandice­cream.Theyhave27ownroomsinspace.Sleepingisreallytoo28.Thereisnogravity(引力),sotheyhavetotiethemselves29thebedsintheirownrooms,30theywillflyaway!31isimportantinspace.Astronautsdon'thavetoworkmuch.Theydon'tstandup,sitdownorwalk.Theyonlyexerciseonbikesand32machinesfortwohourseveryday.33dotheygototheWCthere?Theyuseaspecial“airWC〞.Itusesairtotake34away.Whatdoastronautsdowhentheyaren'tworking?They35readbooks,playcards,listentomusicorsende­mailstotheirfriendsand36.Sometimestheyjustsitandlookoutofthewindow.Doesn'tthat37muchfunnier?23.A.to B.from C.with D.in24.A.was B.are C.were D.is25.A.eat B.drink C.buy D.sell26.A.finds B.has C.does D.makes27.A.their B.they C.them D.theirs28.A.exciting B.boring C.easy D.difficult29.A.in B.to C.at D.for30.A.so B.or C.and D.but31.A.Swimming B.Playing C.Exercising D.Chatting32.A.other B.others C.another D.theother33.A.Where B.When C.What D.How34.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing35.A.should B.must C.can D.need36.A.classmates B.family C.workers D.teachers37.A.make B.look C.sound D.feel三、短文填空SamhadalwayswantedtovisittheInternationalSpaceStation.Hewasreallyinterestedintheexperimentsthatwerehappeningthere.Hehadreadaboutgrowingfoodusingwateronly.Hethoughtthatthiswasimportantasitwasawaytoprovidefoodw38.usingland.SomeofthetechniquesusedintheSpaceStationhadalreadybeenincludedinarchite