2024年高考英语（人教版2019）一轮复习-高考题型组合练习选择性Unit1ScienceandScientists（含答案）

选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AMarissaSumathipala，astudentatBroadRunHighSchooloutsideofWashington，D.C.，waspracticingwithherrecreationalfigure­skatingteamwhenshecrashedwithanotherskater.Herheadhitagainsttheiceheavily.Everythingwentblack.Uptothatpoint，Sumathipala’sentirelifehadcentredaroundhersport—herdailyschedule，exerciseroutine，evenherdiet.Shehadhopesofmakingthe2018Olympicteam.Thefallontheicewouldchangeeverything，includingherdirection.’dfindherselfdizzy，sick，orexhausted.Sumathipalaconsulteddoctors，somanythatshe“lostcount”.Butnoonehadanswers.Sumathipalabegantorealizethattherewassomuchunknownaboutthebrain.Shesetouttofindtheanswersherself，apaththatwouldeventuallybringhertoHarvardUniversity，whereshe’dconcentrateonthehumanbrain.Throughoutherfouryears，Sumathipalahomedinonbrainscience.SheworkedwiththeMcCarrollLabatHarvardMedicalSchool，helpingdevelopanewmethodforsequencingsynapses(神经突序列)inthebrain，whicharecrucialformemoryandlearning.Evenasanundergraduate，hercolleaguesweresostruckbyhowmatureherthinkingalreadywasaboutsciencethatshequicklybecameatrustedandvaluedmemberofthelab.Also，SumathipalapetedwiththeHarvardFigureSkatingCluballfouryears.Shehelpedincreaseitsmembershipandintroducednewskaterstothesportshestillloves.“Ispentalongtimestrugglingwithmyidentity，”shesaid.“GrowingupIwasjustaskaterandthen，whenIgotinjured，Ihadtorebuildmyidentity.ThenIwasascientist.Now，Iidentifyasbeingbothaskaterandascientist.”ReflectingonheryearsatHarvard，Sumathipalasaidoneofthethingsshe’smostgratefulforisseeinghowthingshaveefullcircleforher.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玛丽莎·苏马蒂帕拉因脑部受伤，导致记忆受损，被迫放弃滑冰转而专注于人脑研究，在科学领域有所建树的同时又致力于滑冰事业的故事。1．WhatdoweknowaboutSumathipala’sinjury?A．Itstoppedherskatingeventually.B．Itledtoherlossofeyesight.C．Itchangedherlifedirection.D．Itwaseasilycuredbydoctors.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thefallontheicewouldchangeeverything，includingherdirection.”可知，苏马蒂帕拉的受伤改变了她的人生方向。故选C。2．InwhatwaydidSumathipalathinkshecouldfindtheanswertoherdisease?A．Turningtodoctors.B．Goingonpracticing.C．Rebuildingheridentity.D．Doingresearchonbrainherself.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，她认为专注于人脑研究会帮助她找到答案。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“homedinon”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Focusedon. B．Returnedto.C．Attendedto. D．Stayedat.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“bringhertoHarvardUniversity，whereshe’dconcentrateonthehumanbrain”可知，苏马蒂帕拉在哈佛大学就读期间专注于人脑研究。由此可推知，画线短语词义与focuson接近，意为“专注于”。故选A。4．WhatmadethingsefullcircleforSumathipala?A．Deeploveforfigure­skating.B．Herdeterminationtoachievelifegoals.C．Thepraisefromherlabcolleagues.D．Goodrelationshipwithnewskaters.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据倒数第二段中的“GrowingupIwasjustaskaterandthen，whenIgotinjured，Ihadtorebuildmyidentity.ThenIwasascientist.Now，Iidentifyasbeingbothaskaterandascientist.”可推知，事情回到原点是因为她拥有坚定的实现目标的决心。故选B。B(2023·湖北八校联考)Youmayneverknowwhytheemailwillarriveandreasonsofferedforyourrejectionmightbetherealones—ornot.Bosseshavealwaysspiedontheiremployees，thenjudgedthem.Nowtheriseoftheonlineselfmeanstheemployer’seyecantravelstillfarther.Evenbeforethepandemic，researchfoundthat28%oflargepanieshadturneddownapplicantsaftercarryingoutsuchchecks.Anditisbeingmorepopular:ReedScreening，alargeagency，wasaskedtorunoverathirdmoresocial­mediachecksinDecemberthisyearthanayearearlier.ThismonththegovernmentgavethepracticeapprovalwhentheDepartmentforEducationsaidschoolsandcolleges“shouldconsidercarryingoutanonlinesearchaspartoftheirduediligence(尽职调查)”．Thewayscreeningworksissimple:Any“problematic”behaviourswillbemarkedwitharedflag.Therearelawsgoverningsuchonlinescreening.DavidErdos，headoftheCentreforIntellectualPropertyandInformationLaw，saysthatpaniesaresupposedtowarncandidatesbeforescreeningtheirsocialmediaandtellthemthattheyhavetherighttoholdbackpermission.Somepaniesfollowtheserules，butothersmaynot.Asfortherighttorefuse，itishardlypracticable.“Whoonearthis...goingtobethatpersonwhosays，‘’mnothappyaboutthat？’”asksMrErdos.“Thatitselfislikelytobearedflag.”Allagreethatthespreadofonlinescreeningisalarming，asitissounforgiving.Peoplemaybeunableevertobefreeoftheironlinepast，saysMrErdos.Asindeedsomefootballers，recentlypunishedformentsmadealmostadecadeagowhentheywerebutteenagers，havefoundtotheircost.Thosewithintheindustrythinklawsshouldbetightened，withpunishmentforillegalact.Inthemeantime，beingverycarefulisadvisable.Intalkstouniversitystudents，MrErdoswarnsthemwhatpanieswilldototheirsocialmediawhentheyapplyforjobs.“Theyareuniversallyterrified，”hesays.Andrightly.语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在网络的帮助下，雇主可以更为广泛地监控和评价求职者。5．Whatcanweknowaboutonlinescreeningfromparagraph2?A．Itisturneddownbylargepanies.B．Itbooststhedevelopmentofeducation.C．Itisbeingincreasinglyacceptable.D．Ithighlightsthewisdomofemployers.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容尤其是第二句可知，在线筛查正越来越被接受。故选C。6．Whatdoapplicantstendtodowithonlinescreening?A．Theyrejecttheredflags.B．Theyhavetosubmittoit.C．Theywillchargethepany.D．Theypostponecarryingitout.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Asfortherighttorefuse，itishardlypracticable...‘Thatitselfislikelytobearedflag.’”可推知，求职者面对在线筛查最后只能屈服。故选B。7．WhatisMrErdos’opiniononpostingmentsonline?A．paniesaretolerantofit.B．Itsinfluenceishardtoerase.C．Itshouldbeunderstrictlaws.D．Universitystudentsarefreetodoit.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Peoplemaybeunableevertobefreeoftheironlinepast...havefoundtotheircost.”可知，已经有足球运动员为十年前的网络言论付出了代价，由此可推断，网络言论带来的影响力很难消除。故选B。8．Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BigEmployerIsWatchingYouB．FixYourEyesonOnlineScreeningC．Social­mediaChecksAreAroundtheCornerD．ChecksOnlineAretoBlameforUnemployment答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章第一段及全文可知，文章主要介绍的是在网络的帮助下，雇主可以更为广泛地监控和评价求职者。所以A项(大雇主在监视着你)作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone，takingawalkusuallyonlylastsasmalldurationoftime.Thiswasnotthe1forTomTurcich，though.OnApril2,2015，Tomdecidedtowalkaroundtheworldbyhimself.Itwasn’ta2thought.Hischildhoodfrienddied3attheageof17duetoajetskiaccident.4byhowshortlifewas，hewasfueledbyastrong5toliveeverydaytoitsfullest.Tom’swalk6asalonejourney.Butquickly，hefoundhimselfmissing7ontheroad.Andso，whilemakingastopinAustin，Texas，he8Savannah，arescuepuppy.Sincethen，thepairhavebeenmakingtheirwayacrossborders，continentsandseas，925,000milesinall.Travelingalwayshassomeupsanddowns.Tom10numerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.Hewas11duetosevereweatherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.Also，hehadno12buttowaitoutpandemiclockdownsinmanycountries.Butonthe13side，hemetmanykindpeopleand14thebeautyofnatureindifferentpartsoftheworld.Tom15somethingfewpeoplehavesucceededin，whichhebelieveshelpedhimgainamuchlargerunderstandingoftheworld.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了汤姆·图里奇的徒步旅行经历。)1．A.case B．routineC．reason D．intention答案A解析根据上文“Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone，takingawalkusuallyonlylastsasmalldurationoftime.”以及下文though可知，汤姆·图里奇的情况并非如此。thisis/wasnotthecaseforsb意为“对某人来说并非如此”。故选A。2．A.novel B．wiseC．sudden D．simple答案C解析novel新颖的；wise聪明的；sudden突然的；simple简单的。根据下文“Hischildhoodfrienddied...toliveeverydaytoitsfullest.”可知，这不是一个突然的想法。故选C。3．A.instantly B．unexpectedlyC．eventually D．undoubtedly答案B解析instantly立即地；unexpectedly没有预料到地；eventually最终地；undoubtedly毫无疑4．A.Torn B．StruckC．Impressed D．Inspired答案B解析tear撕裂；strike撞击，打击；impress使印象深刻；inspire鼓励。根据上文“Hischildhoodfrienddiedattheageof17duetoajetskiaccident.”可知，作者深受触动。故选B。5．A.enthusiasm B．curiosityC．pride D．desire答案D解析enthusiasm热情；curiosity好奇心；pride自豪；desire愿望，渴望。根据上文“howshortlifewas”以及空后“toliveeverydaytoitsfullest”可知，他强烈渴望充实地过好每一天。故选D。6．A.started B．progressedC．proved D．remained答案A解析start开始；progress前进，进步；prove证明是；remain仍然是。根据空后“asalonejourney”和后文的“Butquickly...”以及“Sincethen，thepair...”可知，汤姆的步行一开始是一段孤独的旅程。故选A。7．A.neighborhood B．childhoodC．panionship D．citizenship答案C解析neighborhood邻居；childhood童年；panionship陪伴；citizenship公民身份。根据上文可知汤姆的步行一开始是独自一人的旅程。再根据“Butquickly”可知，此句有转折意义，结合下文他收养了一只小狗，说明汤姆需要陪伴。故选C。8．A.delivered B．spottedC．saved D．adopted答案D解析deliver交付；spot发现；save拯救；adopt采纳，收养。根据下文“arescuepuppy”以及“Sincethen，thepairhavebeenmakingtheirway”可知，他收养了一只狗。故选D。9．A.covering B．measuringC．occupying D．equaling答案A解析cover行走(一段路程)；measure测量；occupy占据；equal等于。根据空后“25,000milesinall”可知，他们总共走了25000英里。故选A。10．A.anticipated B．encounteredC．tolerated D．ignored答案B解析anticipate预料；encounter偶遇；tolerate忍受；ignore忽略。根据下文“HewasduetosevereweatherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.”可知，汤姆一路上遇到许多意想不到的耽搁。故选B。11．A.blownaway B．carriedawayC．backedup D．heldup答案D解析blowaway吹走；carryaway拿走，带走；backup支持；holdup耽搁，举起。根据上文“unexpecteddelays”以及下文“becameveryillinScotland”可知，他被耽搁了。故选D。12．A.responsibility B．rightC．alternative D．opportunity答案C解析responsibility责任；right权利；alternative可供选择的事物；opportunity机会。根据空13．A.rough B．invisibleC．moral D．bright答案D解析rough粗糙的；invisible看不见的；moral道德的；bright明亮的，有希望的。根据下文“hemetmanykindpeople”可知，但好的一面是，他遇到了许多善良的人。故选D。14．A.appreciated B．missedC．recalled D．preserved答案A解析appreciate欣赏；miss错过；recall回想起；preserve保存。根据空后“thebeautyofnatureindifferentpartsoftheworld”可知，汤姆欣赏了世界各地的自然美景。故选A。15．A.discovered B．challengedC．profiled D．renewed答案B解析discover发现；challenge挑战；profile概述，扼要介绍；renew更新。根据空后“somethingfewpeoplehavesucceededin”可知，汤姆挑战了一件很少有人成功的事情。故选B。Ⅲ.语法填空ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividesayearinto24solarterms.TheSpringEquinox(春分)，asthefourthtermoftheyear，startsonMarch201.endsonApril3thisyear.TheSpringEquinoxsignalstheequal2.(long)ofthedayandnighttime.ThedayoftheSpringEquinoxis3.thesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.Aftertheequinox，thesunmovesnorthwards，resultingin4.(gradual)longerdaytimeintheNorthernHemisphereandlongernightintheSouthernHemisphere.StandinganegguprightisapopulargameacrossthecountryduringtheSpringEquinox.Itisanoldcustomthat5.(date)backto4,000yearsago.Peoplepracticethistraditiontocele