高考英语语法总复习之非谓语课件

非谓语动词概述

动词在句子中只有两种形式，或者谓语形式，或者非谓语形式1.TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture,JackhastakentheChinesefolklesson.2.Occupiedingaming,Johndidn’tnoticemomapproaching.非谓语动词tododoing动名词现在分词done1.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.

2.Uponarrivinghome,TombegantowatchhisfavoriteTikTokvideos.

3.Swimmingusedtobemyfavouritesport.观察例句逻辑主语前有名词、代词时一般为此名词、代词前无名词、代词时一般为句子主语非谓语作主语时一般为普遍意义的人1.Whilewaitingforanopportunity,Henrykeptperforminghisduty.2.TheInternetmakesiteasiertokeepusinformed.非谓语的语法含义todo主动将来doing主动同时done被动完成练习1辨别非谓语并判断其语法含义不定式的形式一般形式todo进行形式tobedoing完成形式tohavedone完成进行形式tohavebeendoing被动形式tobedone完成被动形式tohavebeendone不定式的用法作名词性成分作主语往往用it作形式主语Itis+adj.+forsbtodo…和Itis+adj.+ofsbtodo当主语和表语都是不定式时不能用it形式主语Torespectothersistoberespected.作宾语及物动词后动词通常是want/try/decide/wouldlike/hope/love/learn/afford/agree/fail/mean等在feel/find/make/think/consider等动词后宾语带有补足语时，常用it作形式宾语Shemakesitaruletogetupatfive.形容词后Iamsorrytosaythatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.作表语说明主语的具体内容或表示目的、事前的安排或义务等Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.作其他成分作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则后面必须加介词Theycouldnotfindaplacetolivein.作状语直接作状语常用结构为todo/onlytodo/inordertodo/

soastodo/so(或such)…astodoIcomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面Iawoke(only)tofindmyclothesgone.修饰形容词作状语系动词+表企图/潜在可能性的形容词Heislikelytowin.adj.+及物动词不定式Thewaterisgoodtodrink.作补语v.+宾语+todo常见动词advise/allow/challenge/drive/

encourage/force/induce/instruct/persuade/urgeFatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.练习2判断以下句子中不定式所充当的句子成分Tokeepintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscard.Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline.Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime.Toerrishuman,buttoforgiveisdivine.Herworkistolookafterthebabies.不定式的常用结构be+不定式结构表示命令和指示：Theroomistobelocked.表示计划或安排：Wearetobegintheworknextmonth.疑问词+不定式结构相当于从句，它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分

Idon’tknowwhethertogotothemeetingornot.with/without+名词/代词+不定式结构通常起状语的作用

Withsomuchworktodo,Ishallnotbeabletogotothecinemawithyou.用作独立成分的不定式作插入语状语修饰整个句子，如totellyouthetruth/tobefrank/tobeginwith/toconclude/sotospeak等

Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithwhatyousaid.不定式的特殊结构too…to...Heistooexcitedtospeak.nevertoo...to...It’snevertoolatetomendabrokenheart.only/all/but+too…to…=very…to…Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.only/nevertodoHereturnedhomeearly,onlytofindhiswifewasgone.soas(not)to表示目的：Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.表示结果：Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?省去to的动词不定式“五看三使两听一感觉半帮助”后的补语用于主动语态Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.注意：用于被动语态要还原to：Theyweremadebythebosstoworkthewholenight.hadbetter/wouldrather/wouldrather...than/wouldsooner/wouldsooner...than/cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbut后Iwouldratherthandiebeforetellyouthesecret.（注意：havenochoicebuttodo）表建议的Why…/Whynot…句型后Whynotgohomeandgetsomesleep?but/except前有实义动词do（表示“做”），后（可以）无toHewantstodonothingbutstayathome.主语中出现实义动词do，后（可以）无toAllthatIwanttodoishavethismealquietly.练习3使用动词的恰当形式填空Jimmymadehissister____(cry)bymessingwithherhair.Iwatchedher____(get)intothebusandcriedmyeyesout.Hewasmade____(work)twentyhoursaday.Joeylikesnothingbut____(watch)TikTokvideos.Lucyismakingagreatpoint.Ican’tdonothingbut____(agree).不定式做后置定语，和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时Shehastwoletterstotype.Thatiswhysheisinsuchahurry.对比：Shehastwoletterstobetyped.SosheasksTomforhelp.不定式作形容词的宾语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.Therebe结构中，当说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事时Thereisalotofworktodo.Weneedsomeonetohelp.对比：Thereisalotofworktobedone.Wemusthurryup.tolet,toblame,toseek用主动式表被动意义Whoistoblameforit?不定式主动形式表被动1.IsthistheTVsetshewants__________(repair)?2.Whowillyouhave_________(translate)thearticleintoJapanese?3.Canyouhavethewashingmachine_______(send)tomyhouse?4.Thosewhohavequestions________(ask),raiseyourhands.5.Youhadbetter________(pay)

avisittohimsoon.6.Nowwecoulddonothingbut________(wait)forhimhere.7.Thevisithas_________(putoff)becauseoftherain.8.Thechildrenstopped_______(talk)astheteachercamein.9.Theystopped________(listen),buttherewasnomoresound.10.IfIcanstopthem_________(go)there,I’lldoit.练习4使用动词的恰当形式填空doing一般形式doing被动形式beingdone完成形式havingdone完成被动形式havingbeendonedoing为动名词作主语一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移

ItisnotsoeasylearningEnglishallbyyourself.动名词作主语的几个常用句型It’snogood/use/wonder/surprise/coincidencedoing…;It’suseless/It’sworthdoing…Thereisnosaying/joking/denying/knowing/telling作宾语admit/appreciate/avoid/complete/consider/delay/deny/detest/endure/enjoy等动词后;admitto/prefer…to/beusedto/leadto/devoteto/objectto/stickto/befondof/lookforwardto/beproudof等短语后

Iforgotwritingalettertohim.作表语对主语解释内容

Herjobiswashing,cleaning,andtakingcareofthechildren.作定语一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途/性能

swimmingpool=apoolforswimming.作同位语Hemustfulfillhispromise,payingoffhisdebtsbeforeJune1st.1.Itseemsverydifficult_________(stop）thechild________(cry).2.________(do)workmeansmovingabodythroughadistancebyaforce.3.Shedidn’tseemtomind_______(theywatch)TVwhileshewastryingtostudy.4.Itisnouse_______(argue)aboutitbecausehewillneverchangehismind.5.——Whywereyousolateforworktoday?——_______(drive)totheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.6.——WhathasmadeRuthsoupset?——_________(lose)threeticketstothefolkmusicconcert.7.Iobjectto________(treat)likethis.8.Inancienttimes,mensentmessagesatdistanceby________(beat)drums.9.Iamusedto________(eat)baconandeggseverymorning.10.Ipreferwritingatermpaperto________(take)anexam.练习5使用动词的恰当形式填空doing为现在分词做表语说明主语特征

Hewasveryamusing.作定语动作或状态

Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.（前置）

Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver.（后置）作宾补在see,watch,listento,find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语

Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.在have,get,leave,keep,set,catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾补

Jameswascaughtsmokinginthebathroom.作状语表时间等

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.注意：现在分词被动态beingdone做状语时，经常可以省略being

(Being)Addictedtothehappiness,hestartedtodancewiththecrowd.练习6使用动词的恰当形式填空过去分词只有一种形式，表示被动或者完成作表语在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态

Shefeltconfusedandevenfrightened.作定语前置或者后置具体而定

Awatchedpotneverboils.

Wehavereadmanynovelswrittenbythisauthor.作宾补在感觉动词see,hear,feel,notice,watch,find等后作宾语补足语

IheardtheNinthSymphonyplayedlastnight.在使役动词get,have,make,leave,keep等后作宾语补足语

Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.用在with/without结构中，作介词的宾语补足语

Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.作状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.1.Unless________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.2.Once_______(visit),itwillneverbeforgotten.3.AlbertEinsteinwrotetwofamouspaperswhile_______(employ)asapatentofficeworker.4.Don’tspeakuntil______(speak)to.5.Once________(arm),weareafraidofnothing.6.While________(cross)thestreet,lookoutforcars.7.While________(criticize),shecried.8.Shecameearlierthan________(expect).9.Everythinggoeswellas________(plan).10._____(give)moretime,wearesuretodoitbetter.练习7使用动词的恰当形式填空独立主格结构非谓语独立主格结构with(out)独立主格结构非谓语带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，作定语或状语。非谓语独立主格结构todo形式“独立主格结构”Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.doing形式“独立主格结构”Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.done形式“独立主格结构”ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.非谓语和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系练习8使用动词的恰当形式填空with+名词/代词+donen./pron.与done是被动关系

Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.with+名词/代词+doingn./pron.与doing是主动关系

Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.with+名词/代词+todo不定式和被修饰的n./pron.构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系

Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo.(主语+不定式+n./pron.构成符合逻辑的句子)with+名词/代词+名词Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.with+名词/代词+形容词Hedoesn’tliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.with+名词/代词+副词Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.with+名词/代词+介词短语Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.with(out)独立主格结构1.Withnothing_________(leave)toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.2.Thegirlsattheresilentandstillwithhereyes__________(fix)onthewall.3.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor________(face)tothenorth.4.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlights_______(burn).5.Withmymother___(be)ill,soIwon’tbeabletogoonholiday.用with句式完成下列句子1.______(有很多作业要做),Icouldn’tgotoseethefilmwithyou.2.Hestoodthere,________________(昂着头).3.Thedaywasbright____________(阳光照耀).4.________

(心存梦想),hewenttoHollywood.5._______(明天将举行一场考试),soIcouldn’tgot