英语外研版必修4学案module3Grammar

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Module3BodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunicationGrammar语法精讲·探究学习条件状语从句和让步状语从句观察上面对话,并类比填空。Icantellyouthetruthifyoupromisetokeepasecret.Althoughyouarereliable,youshouldmakeapromise.一、条件状语从句条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句,一般置于句首或句末。通常由下列从属连词和短语来引导:if(如果,假如),unless(除非),as(so)longas(只要),suppose/supposing(that)(假设),incase(假如,万一),oncondition(that)(条件是,只要)等。*We’llcomeovertoseeyouonWednesdayifwehavetime.如果有空,我们星期三来看你。*Youcanborrowmycaraslongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.你可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不开太快。*I’llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvitedtoo.如果约翰也受到邀请,我就来。*Takeanumbrellawithyouincasethereisrainthisafternoon.随身带着把伞吧,以防今天下午下雨。*Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?假设他们拒绝了我们,我们还能去找谁帮忙呢?【知识延伸】

(1)incase作连词短语,可引导两种从句。引导目的状语从句作“以免,以备,以防”等讲,引导条件状语从句,意为“如果、万一”。另外,incase作副词性短语,常置于句末,表示事先准备或预防的措施,作“以防万一”讲。例如:

Hetakesatorchincaseitgetsdarkbeforehereturns.

他带了手电筒,以备天黑以后回家用。

Incasewefail,wewon’tloseheart.

万一我们失败,我们决不会失去信心。

Sheoughttobethereincase.

她应在那儿等着,以防万一。

(2)条件状语从句表示将来时,从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。有时从句表示在将来某个时候之前完成,从句用现在完成时。例如:IfIgetwealthy,IwillbuyabighouseinBeijing.

如果我变富了,我会在北京买一座大房子。

Ifyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcanhavearest.

如果你已经完成了作业,你可以休息。

(3)onconditionthat...通常放在主句的后面。语法填空。(1)(2019·天津高考)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.(2)(2019·江苏高考)Ifyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.(3)(2019·江苏高考)Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatientsincasetheyneedmedicalassistance.(4)Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.二、让步状语从句让步状语从句是表示在某种相反的条件下,主句中的情况依然会出现。通常由下列从属连词和短语来引导:though(虽然),although(虽然),as(尽管,虽然),while(虽然),evenif/though(即使);whether...or...(不管……还是……);nomatter+疑问词(无论……),疑问词+-ever(无论……)。1.though,although,as,while引导的让步状语从句。这些词引导让步状语从句时,意为“虽然,尽管”,although较为正式。*Although/Thoughhefailedmanytimes,(still)hekeptontrying.尽管失败了很多次,他还是继续尝试。*WhileIlikethecolor,Idon’tliketheshape.尽管我喜欢它的颜色,但不喜欢它的形状。(1)though和although引导的让步状语从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,不与but连用,但可与表示转折的yet,still连用。(2)though可以当副词用,但although不可以。(3)while引导让步状语从句时,一般位于主句之前。(1)Althoughmyuncleisold,helooksverystrongandhealthy.

我的叔叔虽然老了,但他看上去还是很健壮。(2)句型转换。Hewassurprised,buthetriedtokeepcalm.→Although/Though/Whilehewassurprised,hetriedtokeepcalm.

2.as,though引导的让步状语从句。*Tiredas/thoughhewas,hecontinuedworkinginthefield.尽管他很累,他还继续在田里工作。*Childas/thoughhewas,hehadagoodcommandofEnglish.尽管他是个孩子,但他精通英语。*Hardas/thoughItriedtoexplain,hestilldidn’tunderstand.尽管我尽力向他解释,他仍然不懂。*Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.尽管他很努力,但还是无法解决这个问题。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果单数可数名词提前,无论前面有没有形容词作定语,都要省略不定冠词a或an。句型转换。(1)Althoughhemighttry,hecouldn’topenthedoor.→Tryas/thoughhemight,hecouldn’topenthedoor.

(2)Angryas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’thelpsmiling.→Though/Althoughhewasangry,hecouldn’thelpsmiling.

(3)Though/Althoughheisaworker,heknowsalot.→Workeras/thoughheis,heknowsalot.

3.“特殊疑问词+-ever”和“nomatter+特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句。“特殊疑问词+-ever”和“nomatter+特殊疑问词”所引导的让步状语从句均可表示“无论,不管”,可互换使用。*(2019·北京高考)Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.不管你处于人生的什么阶段,不管你去哪儿,不管你在GDA做什么,你都会在贫穷偏远的社区做一些积极的改变。*(2018·天津高考)Whenever(=Nomatterwhen)youmovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstations.无论何时你搬到一个新地方,你都应该放置火灾报警装置。*Yourmotherwillwaitforyouhowever(=nomatterhow)lateitis.不管多晚你妈妈都会等着你。【知识延伸】

(1)whichever,whoever和whatever引导状语从句时,分别相当于nomatterwhich,nomatterwho和nomatterwhat。另外,它们还引导名词性从句,这时不可用nomatter+特殊疑问词结构。例如:

*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.锻炼会让你更加神清气爽,更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。

*(2018·天津高考)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.

无论谁获得自行车比赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。

(2)however引导状语从句时后面经常接形容词或副词。另外,however还是副词,表示“然而”。(1)语法填空。①(2018·北京高考)Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnotletme.(2)句型转换。Whenevershewasfree,she’dplaycards,readbooksandlistentomusic.→Nomatterwhenshewasfree,she’dplaycards,readbooksandlistentomusic.

4.evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句。evenif,eventhough引导让步状语从句时,意为“即使”,强调事实。*(2019·北京高考)Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.尽管所有的音乐团体中都有一种共同的精神,但他们的音乐却迥然不同。5.whether...or引导的让步状语从句。*You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou’refreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。*(2019·天津高考)Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.无论卡车司机还是商店老板,那些努力追求卓越的人因为坚守自己的本性让整个世界变得更好。(1)Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandtheneventhoughhe’sinhisnineties.

尽管我爷爷九十多岁了,他仍然不时地打网球。(2)WhetheryouareinChinaorinAmerica,youshouldobeythelaw.

不管你在中国还是美国你都要遵守法律。三、条件状语从句和让步状语从句的省略条件状语从句和让步状语从句省略的两个前提条件:1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或者从句的主语为it时;2.当状语从句是it+be动词+adj./过去分词/现在分词/介词短语时,省略it和be动词。*Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。*Hewouldn’tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。*Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在他已是位著名的导演了。*Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在尽最大努力学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。*Hewon’tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。(1)句型转换。Althoughitisverysimple,thestoryofTheLittlePrincewarmspeopleinmanyways.→Althoughverysimple,thestoryofTheLittlePrincewarmspeopleinmanyways.

(2)语法填空。①Thenewmachine,ifused(use)properly,willworkforatleasttenyears.②Thoughworking(work)outside,heisalwaysworriedabouthisagingmotherathome.课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Hewon’tloseweightunlesshekeepsadiet.2.Youngthough/asheis,hehasbeentomanycountries.3.Heissobusy.Hecan’taffordenoughtimewithhissonalthough/thoughhewantsto.4.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.5.Allofuscangiveothersahandaslongaswearewillingtodoso.6.Peopleinsuretheirhousesincasetheycatchfire.7.Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.8.Eventhough/iftheforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsgothereforatripeveryyear.9.Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatterhowfullone’sscheduleisinlife.10.While/Although/ThoughIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.Ⅱ.单句改错1.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.(If→Although/Though)2.AlthoughIwasquiteunwillingtosay“Goodbye”tomyfather,buthehadtoleaveformyhometownintheevening.(去掉but)3.I’llgoifyoucomeornot.(if→whether)4.Thenoticesayswhoyouare,youmustshowyourticketstoentertheexhibition.(who→whoever)5.Ifyouwanttocom