山东省2022年中考英语人教版一轮练习-题型专题四阅读表达专题归纳

Passage1(2021·江苏盐城东台期末)Forthousandsofyearspeoplehaveusedshells,feathersandeventeabricksfortransactions(交易).Thankstotechnologyandinnovativethinking,therearemanywaystocarryoutafinancial(金融的)transactionwithouttheneedtousecash.Acheque(支票)isapieceofpaperthattransfersmoneyfromonepersontoanother.Butthemaindisadvantageofusingachequeisthatchequesaresubjecttoforgery(伪造)．Duringthe20thcentury,differenttypesofcardscameintoexistence.Therewerecreditcards,debitcards,prepaymentcardsandsmartcards.Electronicbankinginvolvesthetransferoffundsthroughmessagessentelectronicallybetweentwoormorebanks.Twoofthemostcommontypesofelectronicbankingaredirectdepositsanddirectdebits.ThecreationoftheInternethaschangedpeople'slivesinmanyways.Onemajorchangeisinthewaypeoplemanagetheirbankaccounts.Internetbankingallowspeopletoviewtheiraccounts,paybillsandtransfermoneyathome.Peopleusetheirpersonalcomputers,allwithouthavingtogointoabank.Banksputmajorsecurityproceduresinplacetomakesurethatpeople'sbankaccountsaresafe.1．Whathavepeopleusedfortransactionsinhistory?________________________________________________________________2．What'sthedisadvantageofusingcheques?________________________________________________________________3．Howmanytypesofcardswerethereduringthe20thcentury?________________________________________________________________4．Whatarethetwocommontypesofelectronicbanking?________________________________________________________________5．Howdobanksmakesurethatpeople'sbankaccountsaresafe?________________________________________________________________Passage2(2021·广东河源紫金模拟)DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therewasamannamedSunYangintheStateofQin.Wheneverhesawahorse,hecouldtellifitwasgoodornotatfirstsight.PeoplecalledhimBoLeandoftenaskedhimtolookathorsesandhelpchoosehorses.Oneday,SunYangnoticedahorsepullingaheavycart(马车).Hecamenear,andsawthatitwasahorsethatreallycouldcoverathousandliaday.SunYangthoughtitwasapitytoletthegoodhorsepullacart.Hewasreallysadaboutthat.Tohelpmorepeoplelearnhowtolookathorses,SunYangwroteabookcalledTheArtofLookingatHorsesandJudgingTheirWorth.Heusedlotsofpicturesofdifferenthorsesinthebook.SunYanghadasonwhothoughtitwasveryeasytolookathorsesafterreadingthebook.Sohetookthebookwithhimtolookforfinehorseseverywhere.Atfirsthelookedforgoodhorsesaccordingtothepicturesinthebook,butfoundnothing.Thenaccordingtothecharacteristics(特征)saidinthebook,hefoundatoad(蟾蜍)fitverywell.Sohehappilybroughtithome.Thereisnodoubtthatatoadisn'tagoodhorse.Thatisjustwhatwecalllookingforagoodhorsewiththehelpofitspicture.1．WhydidpeopleoftenaskSunYangtolookathorsesandhelpchoosehorses?________________________________________________________________2．HowdidSunYangfeelwhenhesawthegoodhorsepullingaheavycart?________________________________________________________________3．WhatwasSunYang'spurposeinwritingthebook?________________________________________________________________4．WhatdidSunYang'ssontaketolookforfinehorseseverywhere?________________________________________________________________5．WhydidSunYang'ssonbringthetoadhome?________________________________________________________________Passage3(2021·上海杨浦一模)Asachild,AlainRobertwasafraidofheights.Oneday,whenhewas12,hereturnedhomefromschool.Atthefrontdoorofhisbuilding,helookedforhiskeys.Hedidn'thavethem.Itwas3：30p．m.,andhisparentsworkeduntil6：00p．m.Robertlookedathisapartmentontheeighthfloor.Hesawanopenwindow.Heclosedhiseyesandpicturedhimselfclimbingthebuilding.Whenheopenedhiseyes,hetoldhimself,“Icandoit.”Aquarterofanhourlater,hewasinhishouse,andhisfearofheightswasgone.Today,Robert(knownastheFrenchSpiderman)stillclimbsbuildings.In2004,heclimbedTaipei101(thetallestbuildingintheworldatthetime),andin2011heclimbedtheBurjKhalifaTowerinDubai.Toreachthetopofabuilding,Robertusuallyusesonlyhishandsandspecialshoes.ToclimbtheBurjKhalifaTower,though,hewasmadetowearsafetyropes.Roberttakesclimbingasahobby.Healsodoesittomakemoneyforcharity(forchildrenandthehomeless).Climbingishispassion.Althoughmanyclimbingaccidentshavelefthimseriouslydisabled,hehasbecomeoneofthebestsoloclimbersintheworld.Alainsaidinaninterview,“Wesetourselveslimits,butweareallstrongenoughtoaimhigher,toachieveourgoals.Allwehavetodoisfindsuchstrengthwithinourselves.”WhenRobertclimbs,hewantstosendamessagetopeople.Ifyouhaveadream—somethingyoureallywanttodo—itcanbecomereal.Butyoumustbebraveandkeeptrying.Ifsomethingbadhappens,don'tgiveup.Closeyoureyesandtellyourself,“Icandoit.”1．HowdidRobertenterhisapartmentontheeighthflooroneday? ________________________________________________________________2．WhatdidRobertusewhenheclimbedtheBurjKhalifaTowerinDubai?________________________________________________________________3．Robertclimbsfortworeasons.Whatarethey?________________________________________________________________4．Ifyou'reafraidofdoingsomething,whatisRobert'sadvice?________________________________________________________________5．WhatdoyouthinkmakesAlainRobertbecomeoneofthebestsoloclimbersintheworld?________________________________________________________________Passage4(2021·山东临沂沂南九上期末)MarkTwainoncesaid,“Aliehastraveledhalfwayaroundtheworldwhilethetruthisputtingonitsshoes.”Thisistruewhentalkingaboutfake(假的)news.Inanewstudy,scientistsfromMIT(麻省理工学院)foundthatliesandfakenewsspreadfasterandfartherthantruestoriesonsocialmedia.Theystudiedmorethan126，000storiessharedby3millionusersonTwitter.Theresultwasthatfakestoriesoftenreachedbetween1，000and100，000people,buttruestoriesreachedjustalittleover1，000.Thisisbecausefakenewscaneasilycatchpeople'sattention.Fakenewsstoriesaremoresensational(耸人听闻的)andmightmakepeoplefeelangryorsurprised.In2017,theWenzhouEveningNewsreportedthatagirlwasnotallowedtotakehercollegeentranceexambecauseshewastwominuteslate.ManyInternetusersbecameangryafterhearingthis,believingthattheschoolwasbeingunreasonable.Butinfact,thegirlwas17minuteslate.Studentsareusuallyallowedtotaketheexamaslongastheyarrivenolaterthan15minutesaftertheexamstarts.Butthegirlwastwominuteslaterthanallowed.Somesocialmediasiteshavetakenactiontostopfakenews.Thebestthingforuserstodoistothinkitoverandcheckitcarefullybeforesharing.1．WhatdidthescientistsfromMITfindintheirstudy?________________________________________________________________2．Whydoesfakenewsspreadfasterthanthetruth?________________________________________________________________3．WhendidtheWenzhouEveningNewsreportthatagirlwasn'tallowedtotakehercollegeentranceexam?________________________________________________________________4．HowdidmanyInternetusersfeelwhentheyheardthatagirlwasn'tallowedtotakehercollegeentranceexam?________________________________________________________________5．Whatshouldusersdotostopfakenews?________________________________________________________________Passage5(2021·山东青岛模拟一)Successissomuchmorethanjustmoneyorfame.Successisaboutbeingabletoliveahappyandsatisfyinglifethatallowsyoutobetruetowhoyoureallyare.Ifyouwanttohaveasuccessfullife,herearethethingsyouneedtofocuson.________Ifyoudon'tbelievethatyoucanhavethelifeyouarelookingforwardto,ifyoudon'tbelievethatyoucanachieveallthatyouaresettingouttoachieve,itisgoingtobeverydifficulttocreateasuccessfullife.Whenyoubelieveinyourself,itwillincreaseyourcreativity,andyourabilitytodoanything.________Ifyouonlywanttogetmoneyandfame,youarenevergoingtotrulyfeelsuccessful.Thefeelingofsuccessthatisgiventhroughmoneyandfameisonlytemporaryandisnotenoughtokeepalong­timefeelingofsatisfactionandhappiness.Foratrulysuccessfullife,yourintentionhastoberootedinyourpurpose,inyourpassions(热情)andinwhatfeelsgoodtoyou.Whenyourintentionistoserveyourpurpose,makeachangeintheworldandexpressyourtalents,youwillfeeltruesuccessandsatisfaction,nomatterwhattheresultis.________Themoreyoucanwelcomesuccessintoyourlife,themoreyouwillstarttofeelit.Beinggratefulforthetiniestsuccessesinlifewillalsohelpyoutocreatemoreandmoresuccesses.Thetruthisthatyouarealreadysuccessfulandonceyourealizethis,thereisnostoppingwhatyoucando.1．根据文章内容，将段落主题句与文章相应段落匹配，将答案的字母代号填入对应的横线上。A．Realizeyouarealreadysuccessful.B．Believeinyourself.C．Knowyourintention(追求)．2．根据文章内容，选择画线单词“temporary”的正确的中文意思。A．永久的B．暂时的C．愉悦的D．消极的3．找出与“Givingthankstothesmallestsuccessesinlifewillhelpyoutohavemoresuccesses.”意思相同的句子。________________________________________________________________4．根据文章内容，完成下列句子。每空一词。Successmeanslivingalifewithhappinessand________.Believeinyourself,youcanhavethelifeyouare________.Tohaveatrulylife,youneedtoputyourpassions,________andwhatfeelsgoodtoyouinyourintention.Whenyourealizeyouarealreadysuccessful,nothingcan________you.Passage6(2021·山东东营利津九上期末)Ifyoulose12timesinarow,willyoujustgiveup?DaleCarnegie,apioneerinpublicspeakingandself­development,kepttrying.Andhebecamefamousbyshowingpeoplehowtobesuccessful.CarnegiewasbornintoapoorfamilyintheUnitedStates.Inhisteens,hehadtogetupat3a．m.everydaytomilkthecowsforhisfamily.3.In1904,whenhewas16yearsold,hisfamilymovedtoafarmwherehecompletedhishighschoolin1906.Duringhishighschoolyearshegrewinterestedinspeeches.Hisfirstjobaftercollegewassellingcourses.Hemovedontosellingbaconandsoap.HisparentsmovedtoBelton,Missouriin1910afterhegraduatedandwhenhewas22.WhenCarnegiefirstenteredcollege,hefeltupsetbecauseofhisraggedclothesandordinarylook.Hismotherencouragedhim,“Whynottrytobebetteratotherthingsinsteadofjustclothesandgoodlook？”Carnegietriedtobemoreactiveincollege.Hejoinedthedebateteam.Butoneafteranother,helost12competitions.Theyoungmanwasverydisappointedwithhimself.ButsoonCarnegiewasseentopracticepublicspeakingontheriverside.Hishardworkpaidoffatlast.In1906,Carnegiewonafamousspeechcontestandbecamewell­known.4.“Believethatyouwillsucceed,andyouwill，”hesaid．Inordertosharehissuccess,Carnegieopenedschoolsandwrotebooks.HisbestsellersincludeHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeopleandHowtoStopWorryingandStartLiving.Publishedin1936,HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeopleisstillapopularbookinbusinessandbusinesscommunicationskills.Morethan50millioncopiesofhisbookshavebeentranslatedinto38languages.Theyarestillhelpingpeopleontheroadtosuccess.A．根据短文内容简要回答问题。1．WhatdidCarnegiedotobemoreactiveincollege?________________________________________________________________2．WhydidCarnegieopenschoolandwritebooks?________________________________________________________________B．将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。3．________________________________________________________________4.________________________________________________________________C．请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。5．________________________________________________________________Passage7(2021·四川达州中考)Tobecomeabetterperson,weshouldgotoschooleveryday.Sohowcanwebecomepowerfulandstartchangesinourownlife?PerhapswecangetsometipsfromtheUSFirstLadyMichelleObama.DuringhervisittoChina,fromMarch20～26,Mrs.Obamasharedherviewsoneducationwithstudents.ThefirstladyencouragedChinesestudentstoaimhighandgetagoodeducation.InChengduNo.7HighSchool,shetoldstudentsthathavingpoorrootsdoesn'tmatterAlongasyouworkhard.Mrs.Obamasaidherfamilywasnotrich.LikemanyChinesestudents,herparentshadbigdreamsforher.Shefelttheweightofherparents'sacrifices(牺牲)onhershouldersandworkedhardtomakethemproud.Perseveringwasnoteasy,though.Sometimesshehadtowakeupat4：30a．m.andstudylateintothenight.“ButwheneverIgottiredordiscouraged,Iwouldremembersomethingmymotheralwaystoldme，”shesaid.“Agoodeducationissomethingthat①take,no,from,can,one,away,you．”Mrs.ObamaalsoencouragesChinesestudentstostudyabroad.“AstheChineseBgoes.②Itisbettertotravel10，000milesthantoread10，000books，”shesaid.“③在学校取得好成绩是不够的。It'salsoimportanttohaverealexperiencewithlanguages,culturesandsocietiesdifferentfromyourown，”shenoted.“Studyingabroadcouldalsogainfutureinternationalrelations.④Itcouldhelpyoungpeoplefromdifferentcountryworktogethertodealwithproblemssuchasclimatechange，”Mrs.Obamasaid.任务一：1.请将文中A、B空白处分别填入一个恰当的单词，使句子意思完整正确。A．________B．________任务二：2.请将文中①处斜体单词连成句子。Agoodeducationissomethingthat________________________________________________________________.任务三：3.请将文中②处画线句子译成汉语。________________________________________________________________任务四：4.请将文中③处的汉语译成英语。________________________________________________________________任务五：5.文中④处画线句子中有一处错误，请找出并改在横线上。(每空一词)________改为________Passage8Eyesalwaysonus(2021·江苏盐城中考)Videocamerasareeverywhere:schools,theatersandstores.Butinrecentyears,theyhaveenteredourhomes.Manyparentssetupcamerasathometowatchtheirchildren'sonlineclassesandhomework.Arecamerasreallyhelpful?Whatdostudentsthinkaboutit?LiMingEarlierlastyear,Ilikedtolieinbedandwatchvideosinsteadofstudying.Thisaffectedmystudiesandmademygradesworse.Somyparentssetupacameratokeepaneyeonme.Itworked.Withthecamerawatching,Ihadtodomyhomeworkfirstandmakeplansforstudyingathome.WhenIwasaloneathome,thecameramademefeelsafebecauseIknewthatmyparentswerewatchingontheotherside.Mygradesimprovedafterayear.ZhangHuaWhenIwasinGrade8,myparentssetupacamerainmyroom.Ireallydidn'tlikeitbecauseIfeltliketherewerealwayseyeswatchingme.IfeltsouncomfortablethatIcouldn'tsleepwellatnight.Knowingtherewasacameraaround,whenmyfriendscametomyhome,theywouldspeakquietlyandcarefully.Wecouldn'thavepillowfights.Iwassad.SoIaskedmyparentstotakethecameraaway.TheyagreeditaslongasIpromisedtobehavewell.Ifeelhappyandfreenow.回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过5个词。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1referto?________________________________________________________________2．WhatwasthereasonforLiMing'sparents'settingupacameraathome?________________________________________________________________3．WhathappenedtoLiMingoneyearlater?________________________________________________________________4．WhydoesZhangHuafeelhappyandfreenow?________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoyouthinkofparents'settingupcamerasathome?________________________________________________________________Passage9(2021·江苏泰州中考)TheFACupTheFACupisaveryspecialfootballcompetition.Itistheoldestfootballcompetitionintheworldasithasbeenplayedsince1871.ItisalsofamousforthenumberoffootballteamsinEnglandthatenter.Morethan700footballteamstakepartinthecompetitioneveryyear.Thatisalloftheteamsfromthefourprofessional(职业的)leaguesandhundredsofsmallnon­professionalclubs.TheseclubscomefromsmalltownsandvillagesfromaroundEngland.Becausetherearesomanyteams,itlastsforaverylongtime.Theearlygamesareonlybetweenthesmallteams.Aftersixmatches,theprofessionalteamsfromthethirdandfourthleagueenterandthen,twogameslater,thebiggestclubsfromthePremierLeague.Oftenverysmallclubswillplayagainstbigteams.Therehavebeenmanysurpriseresultsinthepastmanyyears.TeamsfromthefifthleaguehaveevenwonagainstteamsfromthePremierLeague,butaPremierLeagueteamdoesusuallywinthecompetitioneveryyear.However,thereisalwaysachanceofseeingasurpriseresult.Asaresult,peopleshowgreatinterestintheFACup.It'samazingthattheFACuphasthepowertochangeafootballclub,rewritethepastandshapethefuture.回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过7个词。1．HowlonghastheFACupbeenplayed?________________________________________________________________2．HowmanyfootballteamstakepartintheFACupeveryyear?________________________________________________________________3．Wherearethesmallclubsfrom?________________________________________________________________4．Whattypeofteamusuallywins?________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoes“asurpriseresult”meaninthepassage？(根据作者意图，自拟答案)________________________________________________________________Passage10(2021·辽宁锦州中考)Theworldisgettingwarmer.Humanactivityisthemainreasonforthis,theUnitedNations(UN)said.Forexample,peopleusefossilfuels(化石燃料)likecoalandoil.Theygiveoffalotofgreenhousegases(温室气体)(especiallyCO2)intotheair.Thiswarmstheearth.Asaresult,manyanimalsaredyingout,(A)________aspenguins(企鹅)andpolarbears.Itwillsoonmakeadifferencetousaswell.(D)Sealevelswillriseandmanycitiesalongtheseawilldisappear.Tofightclimatechange,countriesaroundtheworldneedtoworktogether.Chinaisnowtakingthelead.Ithassetnewgoalstodeal(B)________thisproblem.Itwillbringitstotalgreenhousegasemissions(排放)toapeak(峰值)before2030.(C)Itwillalsoachievecarbonneutrality(碳中和)before2060,Xinhuareported.BeingcarbonneutralmeanstakingawaythesameamountofCO2fromtheairasyouputintoit.Itwassetasaninitiative(倡议)bytheUNin2015.Therearetwowaystogettocarbonneutrality.Oneistoplantmoretreestoabsorb(吸收)theemitted(排放的)CO2.TheotheristostopCO2emissionsaltogetherbyusingnon­fossil(非化石)fuels.Examplesofthesefuelsincludeelectricityandwindenergy.Over20countriesandregionshavecarbonneutralitygoals.Mostofthemwillplantmoretrees.SowillChina.IfChinacanrealizeitsgoal,itwilllowerglobal(全球的)warmingbyaround0.2℃to0.3℃alone,accordingtoClimateActionTracker(气候行动追踪组织).1．在文中(A)和(B)的空白处分别填入适当的词：(A)________(B)________2．文中画线部分(C)指代的是：________________3．将文中画线部分(D)改写为：Sealevelswillriseand________________citiesalongtheseawilldisappear.4．从文中找出两种非化石燃料能源的名词或名词短语：________________5．从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的名词短语：________________________________________________________________参考答案Passage11．Shells,feathersand(even)teabricks.2．Chequesaresubjecttoforgery.3．Four./Therewerefou