Unit+9+Human+Biology+Lesson+2 +Lesson+3课后练习题 高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Lesson2&Lesson3Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Trytoavoidfoodswhich(包含)alotoffat.2.Wuhanis(位于)inthecentralpartofChina.3.Onechocolatebarlikethisisequaltoalargemealincalorie(摄入量).4.Beforegoingtosleep,hefilledinanother(纵横字谜)puzzle.5.Eachboneisan(器官)withcertainshape,structureandfunction.6.Whentheneedleentersthered(区域)theengineistoohot.7.Unemploymentisthemostimportant(因素)inthegrowingcrimerates.8.Ithinkit’svery(罕见的)tohavebigfamiliesnowadays.9.RedfoxesareoneofCanada’smost(分布广的)mammals,foundinallprovincesandterritories.10.Webasedouranalysisonarandom(样本)ofmorethan200males.11.Tryto(估计)howmanystepsitwilltaketogettoacloseobject.12.Thenewsisalmostcertainlytruealthoughitisnot(官方的).13.Abovetwentythousandfeetthestarswerenearlyalways(看得见的).14.Thedelegates(摆姿势)foragroupphotograph.15.TheformerPresidentwasdemandingthatheshouldbeeitherputon(审判)orsetfree.16.Igrewboredand(实际上)fellasleepforafewminutes.17.Theteacherbroughta(地球仪)totheclass.18.Lookforacandidatewhohasa(系统化的)approachtosolvingproblems.Ⅱ.单句写作1.人们是不会像照管自己的财产那样照管别人的财产的。Peopledon’tlookafterotherpeople’spropertyastheylookaftertheirown.2.中国的多数家庭由一夫、一妻、一小孩组成。MostofthefamiliesinChinaonehusband,onewifeandonechild.3.过去十年来,工作环境有了明显的改变。Workingconditionsremarkablyinthelasttenyears.4.这两座城镇由一条新建的铁路相连接。Thetwotownsanewly-builtrailway.5.在某些方面,她更像父亲而不像母亲。Insomewayssheislikeherfatherhermother.6.当人们减少吸烟量时,通常体重会增加。Whenpeoplesmoking,theyoftenputonweight.Ⅲ.阅读理解AEvenifyouaren’tintoartificialintelligence,it’stimetopayattentiontoChatGPT,becausethisoneisabigdeal.Thetool,developedbyOpenAI,letsyoutypenatural-languageprompts(提示).ChatGPTthenoffersconversationalresponses.Therobotrememberstheinformationofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItdrawsitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTseemsprettyknowledgeableinareaswherethere’sgoodtrainingdataforittolearnfrom.It’snotomniscient(无所不知的)orsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet,butitcanbecreative,anditsanswerscansoundveryauthoritative(权威的).Afewdaysafteritslaunch,morethanamillionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.Butbecareful,OpenAIwarns.ChatGPThasallkindsofpotentialdisadvantages,someeasytospotandsomemoresubtle(不明显的).“It’samistaketobedependingonitforanythingimportantrightnow,”OpenAIChiefExecutiveSamAltmansaid.“Wehavelotsofworktodoonrobustness(稳定性)andtruthfulness.”AsOpenAIemphasizes,ChatGPT’sanswerscanlookauthoritativebutbewrong.“Ifyouaskitaverywell-structuredquestion,withtheintentionthatitgivesyoutherightanswer,you’llprobablygettherightanswer,”saidMikeKrause,datasciencedirectoratadifferentAIcompany,BeyondLimits.“It’llbeexplainedclearlyandsoundlikeitcamefromsomeprofessoratHarvard.Butifyoutrickit,you’llgetnonsense.”TherehavealreadybeenmanystudentswhouseChatGPTtohelpthemcheatwiththeirhomeworkandessays,butaswithmanyothertechnologydevelopments,it’snotasimpleblack-and-whitesituation.Decadesago,studentscouldcopyencyclopedia(百科全书)entriesandusecalculators,andmorerecently,they’vebeenabletousesearchengines.ChatGPToffersnewabilitiesforeverythingfromhelpingwithresearchtodoingyourhomeworkforyououtright.ManyChatGPTanswersalreadysoundlikestudentessays,thoughoftenwithanunnaturaltone.HighschoolteacherDanielHermanconcludedChatGPTalreadywritesbetterthanmoststudentstoday.He’suncertainbetweenadmiringChatGPT’spotentialusefulnessandfearingitsharmtohumanlearning.DustinYork,anassociateprofessorofcommunicationatMaryvilleUniversity,hopeseducatorswilllearntouseChatGPTasatoolandrealizeitcanhelpstudentsthinkcritically.1.WhydoestheauthorthinkChatGPTisabigdeal?A.Becauseit’sartificialintelligencethatoffersconversationalresponses.B.Becauseit’sknowledgeableinareaswithgoodtrainingdatatolearnfrom.C.Becauseithasallkindsofpotentialdisadvantages,easytospotormoresubtle.D.Becauseithelpedstudentswiththeirhomeworkessaysandwroteevenbetter.2.WhatdidMikeKrausemeanwhenhesaidtheunderlinedwordsinparagraph5?A.ChatGPTwasnotabletoformindirectanswersnaturally.B.ChatGPTwasnotabletoanswerindirectquestionscorrectly.C.ChatGPTwasnotabletoreplytoindirectquestionsquickly.D.ChatGPTwasnotabletoexplainindirectanswersproperly.3.Whydidtheauthormentionencyclopedia,calculators,andsearchengines?A.ToshowthatChatGPTisatoolthatcanbeashelpful.B.ToshowthatChatGPTisaninventionthatwillbeaccepted.C.ToshowthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtouseChatGPTtowriteessays.D.ToshowthatstudentsshouldbebannedtouseChatGPTtowriteessays.4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofChatGPT?A.Potentialandknowledgeable.B.Robustandtruthful.C.Imperfectyetpromising.D.Authoritativeyetmisleading.BOverthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted(分心)drivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfortunately”.“Bigchangerequiresbigideas,”hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork’shands-freedrivinglaws.“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople’sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate’s2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers’textingintheUS?A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.6.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDriversD.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzerⅣ.七选五Successfulindividualsdothingsjustalittledifferentlythantheaveragepeople.1Herearefourkeyhabitsthatathleteshavetocreatesuccess.

·Theygetreal.Don’tlettheprofessionalathletesfoolyou.Achievingracingsuccessisnoteasy,eventhoughtherearesomepeopleouttherewhoalwaysseemtomakeitlookso.2Theysetrealisticgoalswitheachevent.Theyequipthemselveswitheffort,patience,andpersistence(坚持)becausetheyknowthejourneycansometimesbelonganddifficult.

·Theyhavegrit(勇气).Anyonewhowantstotakechargeoftheirownfuturemusthavegrit.Ittakescourageandthickskintobecomeasuccessfulathlete.Fearoffailurecanbeveryunpleasant.Therewillalwaysbenaysayers(爱唱反调的人).3

·Theybelieveinbeingtheirbest,ratherthanbeingthebest.Successfulathletesknowthatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement.It’slikesqueezing(挤)thelastbitoftoothpasteoutofthetube.Justwhenyouthinkit’sempty,yousqueezeoutjustalittlemore.4Sometimesitinvolvesadifferenttechnique,strategy,orevenadifferentcoach.Italsomayinvolvelearninganewskillaltogether.

·5

Successfulathletessurroundthemselveswithpositiveenergyandothersuccessfulpeople.Thereisaquotethatsays,“Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhosupportyourdreams.”Inordertocreatesuccess,youshouldfindthosepeopleandgroupsthatsupportyourgoals.A.Theyhangoutwithgoodapples.B.Thesamegoesforathletesaswell.C.Theyputthemselvesinothers’shoes.D.Successfulathletesknowthisandplanaccordingly.E.Success,therefore,isbuiltonsmallsustainablechanges.F.Inordertodothis,youmustfirstbelieveinyourabilitytodoso.G.However,youmustcommittoyourgoalsandholdfirminthefaceofdifficulties.Ⅴ.完形填空Amysterycreaturewaslivingunderaman’sshed.Everythinginhisgardenwasalmost1,sohedecidedtosetupacamera.

“I’vebeenagardenerfor20plusyearsandI’veneverseenthiskindof2.EverythingIwasplantingwasgettingeatentopieces,”saidJeff.

Thenoneday,hesawtheculprit(肇事者),a3.“Helookedstraightintothecameraasifhewas4,‘YeahI’mhere.I’meatingyourgarden.Whatareyougoingto5it?’”

AtfirstJeffwasalittle6andbuiltsomehighfences.Heputlogsunderthefences.Butnothing7.Hekeptseeingvideosofthegroundhogeatinghisvegetablesrightinfrontofthecamera.

Thingsonlygot8.Thegroundhog,whoJeffnamed“Chunk”,gotagirlfriendand9hertoenjoyJeff’sdelicioustreats,right10thecamera.NomatterwhatJeffdid,theywere11astepahead.“Alltheydoiswakeupandeat,”hesaid.

Well,ifyoucan’t12them,acceptthem.So,Jeffdecidedtogivethemtheirown13.AftertheywentintohibernationlastNovember,Jeffhadthegarden14forthemwhentheywokeup.“IfIcandoajobto15themandkeepthemsafe,I’mallforit,”Jeffsaid.

1.A.digestedB.destroyedC.surrounded D.preserved2.A.creature B.inventionC.damage D.atmosphere3.A.squirrel B.thiefC.groundhog D.monster4.A.saying B.complainingC.begging D.accusing5.A.dependon B.doaboutC.adaptto D.takein6.A.desperate B.cautiousC.upset D.energetic7.A.survived B.failedC.appeared D.worked8.A.reasonable B.worseC.acceptable D.efficient9.A.urged B.forcedC.invited D.persuaded10.A.atthebackof B.infrontofC.bythesideof D.ontopof11.A.always B.neverC.slightly D.equally12.A.help B.killC.drive D.beat13.A.food B.gardenC.destination D.equipment14.A.ready B.vividC.similar D.private15.A.chase B.imitateC.accuse D.protectⅥ.语法填空Geneticmodification(转基因)isasetoftechnologiesusedtochangethegeneticmakeupofcells.GeneticallymodifiedcropsareplantswithDNA1.hasbeenmodifiedusinggeneticengineeringmethods.Valuablequalitiesareaddedtothecrops,including2.(improve)production,betternutritionalvalueandresistancetodrought,frost,orpests.

Geneticallymodifiedanimalscamelater.In1996,Britishscientists3.(clone)asheepnamedDolly.In2012,4.(produce)milkthatismorenutritiousandwillnotmakepeopleallergic,acompanyinNewZealandengineeredacow.

Ifyouthinkthenextthingonthewayis5.(probable)geneticallymodifiedhumanbabies,you’dberight.Thereare6.(increase)debatesabout“designerbabies”,whicharehumanbabiesthathavebeengeneticallymodified.Modificationscan7.(do)tofixgeneticdefects(缺陷),preventlife-threateningdiseases,orproducedesirablequalities.

Thistechnologyleadstoaheateddebate,because8.isthepotentialpossibilityofproducinggeneticallymodified“superhumans”toreplacemodernhumans.TheUSAcademiesofScience,Engineering,andMedicinehavereleasedareportonthetopicofgeneticengineeringinhumanbabies.The9.(conclude)wasthatscientistsshouldbeallowedtomodifythehumanDNAtopreventseriousgeneticdiseases.Butitrecommendsrestrictinggeneticmodificationstoseveremedicalconditionsforwhichnoothertreatmentexists.Italsoappealsforinternationalcooperation,whichmeanssomeonemustberesponsible10.makingsureallarefollowingtherules.

参考答案Ⅰ.1.contain2.situated/an6.zone7.factor8.rare9.widespread10.sample11.estimate12.official13.visible14.posed15.trial16.actually17.globe18.systematicⅡ.1.inthesameway2.consistof3.havechanged4.areconnectedby5.more;than6.cutdownonⅢ.【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章认为即使你不喜欢人工智能,也是时候关注ChatGPT了,因为这是一件大事。但是要警惕ChatGPT也存在各种潜在的缺点,教育工作者应学会将ChatGPT作为一种工具,帮助学生批判性地思考。1.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ChatGPTseemsprettyknowledgeableinareaswherethere’sgoodtrainingdataforittolearnfrom.”可知,作者认为ChatGPT是一件大事,因为它在有良好训练数据的领域知识渊博。故选B项。2.B词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“AsOpenAIemphasizes,ChatGPT’sanswerscanlookauthoritativebutbewrong.‘Ifyouaskitaverywell-structuredquestion,withtheintentionthatitgivesyoutherightanswer,you’llprobablygettherightanswer’”以及画线句子前面表示语气转折的转折连词But可知,ChatGPT能正确地回答直接提出的问题,而对于非直接提出的问题,可能会出错。故选B项。3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ChatGPToffersnewabilitiesforeverythingfromhelpingwithresearchtodoingyourhomeworkforyououtright.”可知,ChatGPT能作为工具帮助人们,可推理出文中提到百科全书、计算器和搜索引擎的目的是要说明ChatGPT可以作为工具给人们帮助。故选A项。4.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Butbecareful,OpenAIwarns.ChatGPThasallkindsofpotentialdisadvantages,someeasytospotandsomemoresubtle.”可推理出ChatGPT有不完美之处;根据倒数第二段中的“ChatGPToffersnewabilitiesforeverythingfromhelpingwithresearchtodoingyourhomeworkforyououtright.”可知ChatGPT能够作为工具给人们提供帮助,可推理出ChatGPT有光明的未来。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”,引发交通事故的问题,纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。5.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”可知,大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机,可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A项ineffective意为“无效的”,与此相符。故选A项。6.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork’shands-freedrivinglaws.”可知,Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件或有其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B项意为“司机是否使用了手机。”与此相符。故选B项。7.D词义猜测题。根据本句“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople’sbehavior”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,‘peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.’”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D项。8.B主旨大意题。纵观全文,第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore”可知,解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法,即利用Textalyzer技术,来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是:相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正地改变人们的行为。故B项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer适合作文章的标题。故选B项。Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了成功的运动员拥有的四种关键习惯。1.B根据上文“Successfulindividualsdothingsjustalittledifferentlythantheaveragepeople.”和下文“Herearefourkeyhabitsthatathleteshavetocreatesuccess.”可知,空前一句提到成功人士的做事方式与普通人稍有不同,空后一句提到成功的运动员拥有四种关键习惯。由此推知,空处应说明运动员也是一样(做事方式与普通人稍有不同)。B项“Thesamegoesforathletesaswell.(运动员也是如此)”符合语境。故选B项。2.D根据段落主旨句“Theygetreal.”可知,成功的运动员是现实的。根据上文“Achievingracingsuccessisnoteasy,eventhoughtherearesomepeopleouttherewhoalwaysseemtomakeitlookso.”和下文“Theysetrealisticgoalswitheachevent.Theyequipthemselveswitheffort,patience,andpersistencebecausetheyknowthejourneycansometimesbelonganddifficult.”可知,空前一句提到赢得比赛不是容易的,空后提到他们会设定现实的目标,并付出相应的努力、耐心和坚持。由此可知,空处应说明成功的运动员知道这一点并会做好相应的规划。故选D项。3.G根据上文“Therewillalwaysbenaysayers.”可知,总有那些让你不努力的人。结合本段主旨“Theyhavegrit.”可知,成功的运动员拥有勇气。由此推知,空处应说明你必须坚持自己的目标,在困难面前坚定不移。G项“However,youmustcommittoyourgoalsandholdfirminthefaceofdifficulties.(然而,你必须致力于你的目标,并在困难面前保持坚定)”故选G项。4.F根据主旨句“Theybelieveinbeingtheirbest,ratherthanbeingthebest.”并结合上文“Successfulathletesknowthatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement.It’slikesqueezingthelastbitoftoothpasteoutofthetube.Justwhenyouthinkit’sempty,yousqueezeoutjustalittlemore.”可知,做到最好并不容易。由此推知,为了做到这一点,你必须首先相信自己有能力做到。F项“Inordertodothis,youmustfirstbelieveinyourabilitytodoso.(为了做到这一点,你必须首先相信自己的能力)”符合题意。故选F项。5.A空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Successfulathletessurroundthemselveswithpositiveenergyandothersuccessfulpeople.Thereisaquotethatsays,