高三英语二轮复习外刊阅读热点话题培优练2：生态文明

外刊阅读热点话题培优练2生态文明Ⅰ.阅读理解AsayounggirlgrowingupinFrance,SarahToumidreamedofbecomingaleaderwhocouldmaketheworldabetterplace.Herpassiontohelpotherswasawakenedwhen,fromtheageofnine,sheaccompaniedherTunisianfathertohisbirthplaceintheeastofthecountryduringholidays.Theresheorganizedhomeworkclubsandactivitiesforchildren.Toumiwitnessedfirst－handthedestructiveeffectofdesertification.“Within10yearsrichfarmersbecameworseoff,andin10yearsfromnowtheywillbepoor.IwantedtostoptheSaharaDesertinitstracks.”Adecreaseinaveragerainfallandanincreaseintheseverityofdroughts(干旱)haveledtoanestimated75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification.Toumirecognizedthatfarmingpracticesneededtochange.Sheisconfidentthatsmalllandareascanbringlargereturnsiffarmersareabletoadaptbyplantingsustainablecrops,usingnewtechnologiesforwatertreatmentandfocusingonnaturalproductsandfertilisers(肥料)ratherthanchemicals.In2012,Toumiconsolidatedherdreamtofightthedesert.ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogrammenamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction.“Iwanttoshowyoungpeopleinruralareasthattheycancreateopportunitieswheretheyare.Nobodyisbetterabletounderstandtheimpactofdesertificationandclimatechangethansomebodywhoislivingwithnoaccesstowater.”BySeptember2016,morethan130，000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.Sheexpectstoplant1milliontreesby2018.Inthenextcoupleofyears,ToumihopestoextendtheprogrammetoAlgeriaandMorocco.1.HowdidToumi’sholidaytripstoTunisiainfluenceher?A.Theymadeherdecidetoleavethecountry.B.Theyhelpedherbetterunderstandherfather.C.Theyfiredherenthusiasmforhelpingothers.D.Theydestroyedherdreamofbeingateacher.2.WhatisthemaincauseofthedesertificationofTunisia’sfarmland?A.Lowrainfall. B.Soilpollution.C.Coldweather. D.Forestdamage.3.WhydidToumisetupAcaciasforAllinTunisia?A.Tocreatejobopportunitiesforyoungpeople.B.Tohelpthechildrenobtainabasiceducation.C.Topersuadethefarmersnottousefertilizers.D.Tofacilitatetheprotectionoftheirfarmland.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SavingWaterinTunisiaB.PlantingTreesofNativeSpeciesC.HoldingbacktheSaharaD.FightingPovertyinNorthAfricaParksarethebeatingheartsofcities,providingcrucialenvironmentsforwildlifeofmanysizesaswellasareasofrestandrecreationforlocalcitizens.Accessibleviapublictransport,andlocatednearauniversity,astadiumandtheNationalLibrary,Warsaw’sPoleMokotowskieParkprovidesgreenspaceformanypeople.OneoftheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’s(IUCN)fivepathwaystotransformativechangeforwatermanagementistorestorespeciespopulation,ecosystemsandthebenefitsthatnatureprovidesforpeoplebyusingeachcity’sadvantage.Asmoreurbancentresseeknewwaystounitegreeneryintothebuiltenvironment,projectsofallsizesandstagesaddtoessentialcorridorsandstoppingpointsforarangeofwildlife.TaskedwithimprovingWarsaw’sPoleMokotowskiePark’snaturalsustainability,architecturecompanyWXCAlookedatwaysofenhancingtheelementsthatwerealreadyinplacetobettersupportwildlife.Oneofthemostvisiblemeanswastheremovalofthousandsofsquaremetresofconcrete(混凝土).Removingconcreteinandaroundpondsandotherwaterwaysallowsthecity’sfeaturestoshapethemselvesnaturally,inreactiontoboththesurroundingenvironmentandtheweather.Doingsocansupportbiodiversitybyremovingartificialconstraintsandflows.Morethan13，000squaremetresofconcretehasalreadybeenremoved,withmoreremovalplannedoverthenextyear.Forthehumanusersofthepark,thedesignerscreatededucation，activity,andartspaces.TheGrandSalon,agrasslandsurroundedbytrees，isforlargepublicgatherings,andahandfulofpavilions(亭)scatteredthroughoutthespaceprovidevisiblemeansofmonitoringthequalityoftheairandwater.Theyalsocontributetothepark’secosystemthroughrainwaterharvesting.Asthetemperatureconsistentlyrises,cityplannersareusingtheleavesandbranchesoftheplantsandmixedusedesignstoreduceheatislands,improveairqualityandpreventurbanrunoff.5.WhatdoweknowaboutWarsaw’sPoleMokotowskiePark?A.Itcreatesanewwaytothecity’scenter.B.Itservesdifferentcommunitygroups.C.Itremindsthepublictoprotecttheenvironment.D.Itshowsthelocalsarelivinghappily.6.Whataretheprojectsinparagraph2intendedfor?A.Providingstagestoshowoffcreativity.B.Takingadvantageofthecity’sresources.C.Encouragingpeopletogetclosetonature.D.Supplyingvariouswildlifewithmoreroom.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“constraints”inparagraph3mean?A.Limits. B.Factors.C.Methods. D.Damages.8.Howdothepavilionshelptheecosystem?A.Byofferingsomeshelters.B.Bycollectingrainwater.C.Bymonitoringtheairquality.D.Byreducingthehightemperature.Ⅱ.完形填空IgrewuponauniversitycampusineasternNigeria.Iwasa(n)__1__reader,andwhatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks.IbegantowritewhenIwasseven.IwroteexactlythekindsofstoriesIwasreading:Allmy__2__werewhiteandblue－eyed.Theyplayedinthesnow.Theyateapples,andtheytalkedalotaboutthe__3__andhowlovelyitwasthatthesunhad__4__.Whatthisdemonstratesishow__5__wecanbeinfluencedbywhatweread,particularlyaschildren.BecauseallIhadreadwereforeignbooks,Ihadbecome__6__thatbookshadtohave__7__inthemandhadtobeaboutthingswithwhichIcouldnotpersonallyidentify.Things__8__whenIdiscoveredAfricanbooks.Thereweren’tmanyofthemavailable,andtheyweren’tquiteaseasyto__9__astheforeignbooks.But__10__writerslikeChinuaAchebeandCamaraLayeIwentthroughamental__11__inmyviewofliterature.I__12__thatpeoplelikeme,girlswithskinthecolorofchocolate,couldalso__13__inliterature.IstartedtowriteaboutthingsIrecognized.Whatthe__14__ofAfricanwritersdidformewasthis:Itsavedmefromhavinga__15__storyofwhatbooksare.1.A.early B.aimlessC.careful D.poor2.A.instructors B.neighborsC.friends D.characters3.A.snow B.fruitC.cuisine D.weather4.A.disappeared B.setC.comeout D.gonedown5.A.briefly B.regularlyC.scarcely D.easily6.A.convinced B.puzzledC.concerned D.satisfied7.A.heroes B.foreignersC.Africans D.children8.A.remained B.changedC.worsened D.worked9.A.read B.understandC.find D.keep10.A.inspiteof B.onbehalfofC.becauseof D.insteadof11.A.confusion B.shiftC.block D.activity12.A.realized B.suspectedC.claimed D.forgot13.A.take B.existC.believe D.major14.A.discovery B.popularityC.imagination D.analysis15.A.classic B.remarkableC.whole D.singleA篇Para.1：awakenv.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来Para.2：destructiveadj.毁灭性的estimatedadj.估计的be/becomeworseoff(比以前或其他人)更穷，更不愉快，更差Para.4：consolidatev.使巩固，使加强；(使)结成一体，合并oaction(把计划、建议等)付诸；实施B篇Para.1：crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的recreationn.娱乐accessibleadj.可进入的；可到达的；可使用的Para.2：seekv.寻找；谋求essentialadj.必不可少的；根本的Para.3：sustainabilityn.可持续性enhancev.提高；增强biodiversityn.生物多样性Para.4：ahandfulof少量的参考答案Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述的是小时候SarahToumi和父亲去突尼斯度假，发现当地农田荒漠化很严重，后来她成立AcaciasforAll，想通过种植金合欢树来保护突尼斯的农田，并且初见成效。1.C[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Herpassiontohelpothers...intheeastofthecountryduringholidays”可知，当她陪着她的父亲在假期去他在该国东部的出生地时，她帮助他人的热情被唤醒了。故C项“它们激起了她帮助他人的热情”正确。]2.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Adecreaseinaveragerainfall...75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification”可知，平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。故A项正确。]3.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中“In2012，Toumiconsolidatedherdream...puthersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction”可知，2012年，Toumi巩固了她对抗沙漠的梦想，她搬到突尼斯，创立AcaciasforAll是为了将自己的可持续农业理念付诸行动，目的是促进农田保护。故D项正确。]4.C[标题归纳题。首段介绍Toumi陪同父亲到了突尼斯，帮助他人的热情被唤醒了。根据第二段中“IwantedtostoptheSaharaDesertinitstracks”可知，Toumi想试图阻止撒哈拉沙漠的继续恶化，接下来就开始介绍Toumi搬到突尼斯，并创立AcaciasforAll，想通过种植植物来保护当地农田，并且取得初步成效。故C选项“HoldingbacktheSahara”最适合作本文标题。]【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了城市公园的重要性，介绍了华沙PoleMokotowskie公园通过拆除混凝土来提高其自然可持续性的情况。5.B[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...locatednearauniversity，astadiumandtheNationalLibrary，Warsaw’sPoleMokotowskieParkprovidesgreenspaceformanypeople.”可知，这个公园服务不同的群体。]6.D[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的projectsofallsizesandstagesaddtoessentialcorridorsandstoppingpointsforarangeofwildlife可知，这些项目为各种各样的野生动物增加了必要的走廊和停留点，也就是说，这些项目为各种各样的野生动物提供了更多的空间。]7.A[词义猜测题。上文提到“Removingconcreteinandaroundpondsandotherwaterwaysallowsthecity’sfeaturestoshapethemselvesnaturally...”由此推知，混凝土会限制城市特征的自然形成。故猜测，removingartificialconstraints指的是去除人为的“限制”。]8.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Theyalsocontributetothepark’secosystemthroughrainwaterharvesting.”可知，这些亭子通过收集雨水来助力公园的生态系统。]Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者在尼日利亚东部的一个大学校园里长大。从小，她就开始阅读英美儿童书籍。当作者开始阅读非洲书籍时，情况发生了改变。像ChinuaAchebe这样的作家让作者意识到有色人种也可以存在于文学作品中且书籍不是只能写单一的故事。1.A[根据下文中的“IbegantowritewhenIwasseven”可以推知，作者很早(early)就开始阅读英美儿童书籍了。aimless“没有方向的，无目标的，无计划的”。]2.D[根据上文中的“whatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks”和下文中的“whiteandblue－eyed”可知，此处讲的是作者写的书中的人物(characters)。instructor“教练，导师”。]3.D[根据上文中的“whatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks”、下文中的“thesun”及英国人和美国人喜欢谈论天气的常识可推断，作者书中的人物应该经常谈论天气(weather)。cuisine“烹饪，风味，饭菜，菜肴”。]4.C[根据语境和常识可知，太阳出来(comeout)会让人觉得很愉快。godown“(价格、水平或数量等)下降，(太阳)下山”。]5.D[根据上文内容和语境可知，此处表示