2023年全球贸易和发展统计手册

Website:/ISBN:978-92-1-002951-3eISBN:978-92-1-358553-52//HandbookofStatisticsandthee-handbookisavailableat.UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023785/EN/Nowcasts.html.UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023dwt8–UNCTADHandbookofStatistics20231111$24.9trillion+11.4%1.12%-4.6%Adecreaseinexportsof4.6%forthefirsthalfof2023,yearyearoveryearIn2022,worldmerchandiseexportsincreasedby11.4%Belarus0-43%)andukraine(-35%)theonlydevelopedeconomieswithsignifciantdropsinexportsin2022Growingtradedefcitindevelopedeconomies：$1.6trillionin2022田Map1.Merchandiseexportsgrowthrate,2022Globaltrendsandpatterns公updateofthenowcastanditsmethodology,seeUNCTAD(202Tradeupswingin逊Figure2.MerchandisetradeannualgrowthrarTradeimbalancebetweendevelopinganddevelopedeconomiesrising逊Figure3.Merchandisetrad0Note:Tradebalancesdonotadduptozeroatworldcostsincludedinimportsandcross-countrydifferencesincompilationmethods.UNCTADHandbookofStatisticsImportsgrowthgrowthimports20212022202220212022202220222022 Importsgrowthgrowthimports20212022202220212022202220222022 Importsimports20212022202220212022202220222022 9.74.3 Table2.Merchandisetradeofleastdevelopedcountries,mainexportersSolomonIslandsSaoTomeandPrincipeaRankedbyvalueofeDevelopingeconomies:AfricaSouthAfricaMorocco Developingeconomies:AmericasDevelopingeconomies:AsiaandoceaniaUNCTADHandbookofStatistics田Map1.Mainworldimportþows,2022(BillionsofUnitedStatesdollars)Notes:Economieswithonebilateralimporthigherthan$125bilMainglobaltradepatternsFigure1.Intra-anTradewithinandbetween‘hemispheres’xNote:Northreferstodevelopedeconomies,Southtodevelopingeconomies.Tradeismeasuredfromtheexportside.Deliveriestoshipstoresspecial-categoryexportswithunspeciýeddestinationarenotincluded.Withwhomdodevelopingeconomiesmainlytrade?AfricaUNCTADHandbookofStatisticsAfricaAmericasAsiaandoceaniaTable1.Exportsbyoriginanddestination,2022(BillionsofUnitedStatesdollars)AfricaAfricaAmericasAmericasAsiaAsiaandoceaniaNote:Percentageofexportstothewholeworldinparentheses.Table2.Exportsbyoriginanddestination,selectedyears(BillionsofUnitedStatesdollars) 20222017 2022201723467892346978JapanNetherlands(Kingdomofthe)------Table4.Toporiginsofdevelopingeconomies’imports2022201711223445Japan536677899Australia8----UNCTADHandbookofStatistics田Map1.Mainexportproducts,2022AllfooditemsAgriculturalrawmaterialsFuelsManufacturedgoodsores,metals,preciousstonesandnon-monetarygold00Note:Top10exportingeconomiesareshown.Regionalspecializationpatterns华Note:Non-allocatedproductsarenotconsidered.20TheuptrendcontinuesinallproductgroupsWhatdodevelopingregionstradewithothers?逊逊AfricaNote:Non-allocatedproductsarenotconsidered.UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023Table1.Exportsbyproductgroup,originanddestination,2022(MillionsofUnitedStatesdollars)AllfooditemsAfricaAfricaAmericasAsiaAsiaandoceaniaNote:Percentageofexportstothewholeworldinparentheses.AgriculturalrawmaterialsAfricaAmericasAsiaandoceaniaNote:Percentageofexportstothewholeworldinparentheses.22AfricaAsiaandoceaniaFuelsAfricaAmericasAsiaAsiaandoceaniaNote:Percentageofexportstothewholeworldinparentheses.ManufacturedgoodsAmericasNote:Percentageofexportstothewholeworldinparentheses.ores,metals,preciousstonesandnon-monetarygoldAfricaAmericasAsiaandoceaniaNote:Percentageofexportstothewholeworldinparentheses.UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023In2022,Hongkong(china)rankshighestintrade-opennessGrowthingobalexportsvolumesturnednegativeinthesecondquarterof2023:GlobalsupplyofremainedGlobalsupplyofremainedmoreconcentrated thanofothertypesofproducts,in2022ExportsfromwesternAsiaandNorthernAfricarelativeIyhighlyconcentratedonanarrowrangeofproducts田Map1.Tradeopennessindex,2022Note:Thisindexmeasurestheimportanceofinternationaltradeingoodsrelativetothedomesticeconomicoutputofaneconomy.Exportsaregivenequa公Figure1.VolumeofmerchandiseexportsNote:Thisindexindicatesthechangeinexports,adjustedforthemovementofprices,relativetothebaseyear.SeasonaladjustmentisbasedonX-12-ARIMA.24Howconcentratedwasglobalproductsupply?℃℃Note:ThisindexmeasurestheextenttowhichahighproportioHowconcentratedwasthestructureofexports?℃Figure3.Productconcentrationindexofexports,2022Note:Thisindexmeasurestheextenttowhichalargeshareofesmallnumberofproductgrouonegroupofproductsandavalueof0ifallproductgroupsareeUNCTADHandbookofStatistics20232222$7.1trillion+14.8%15.7%+7.0%GlobaIServicesexportsnowcasttogrowby7.0%in20237.7.1%asintheyearsexportsaccountedfor7.1%ofworldGDPin2022beforeCOVID-19In2022,developingeconomiesreachedtheirhighest ever，serving30%oftheglobalmarketTT5XrtrsfromthedevelingworldSuplid8%ofinternatonaIIYtradedservicesin2022田Map1.Exportsofservicesasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,2022Globalservicestradeup15percentin2022公/Source:Thedottedlineindicateupdateofthenowcastanditsmethodology,seeUNCTAD(20228 Allregionsrecoveredin2022 逊Figure2.ServicestradeannualgrowthrLeadingservicesexporters UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023Exportsgrowthworldworld20212022202220222021202220222022Exportsgrowthworldworld20212022202220222021202220222022Table2.Leadingservicesexportersandimportersbygroupofeconomies,2022Developedeconomies Developingeconomies30 SouthAfricaMoroccoSouthAfricaMoroccoSouthAfricaDevelopingeconomies:Americas Developingeconomies:Asiaandoceania UNCTADHandbookofStatistics202300Internationaltravelrecoveredin2022-butremained25%belowthe2019exportsexportsvaueTransportservicesexportsTransportandtravelcloseto60%ofservicesexportsindevelopingAmericasandAfricaDevelopingDevelopingmarketinexportsofdigitally个24%upin2022田Map1.Growthinservicesexports,2017–2022(Averageannualgro■Transport■Travel■Insurance,inancial,intellectualproperty,andotherbusinessservices■Telecommunications,computerandinformation■othercategoriesNote:EuropeincludestheRussianFede*Leastsquaresgrowthrate(seeCalcRegionaltrendsoverthelastfiveyearstransportweremost32Globaltrendsbyservicecategoryin2022逊Figure2.Structureofservicesexports,2022Digitallydeliverableservicesrf逊Figure3.Exporttrendsofdigi逊0telecommunications,computer,information,research-and-development,professional-and-management,architectural,engineering,scientiýc,trade-related,otherbusinesshealth,education,heritage,andrecreUNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023ExportsExports201720222022201720222022TransportWorldothersNote:Exportsdonotequalimportsatworldlevel,duetoimperfectgeographicalcoverageandcross-countrydifferencesincompilationmethods.DevelopedeconomiesImportsgrowthgrowth2022growthgrowth2022201720222017201720222022202220172022201720172022TransportTransportothers3DevelopingeconomiesImportsgrowthgrowth2022growthgrowth2017202220222017201720222022201720222022201720172022TransportTransportothersDevelopingeconomies:Africa20172022growth2022Imports20172022growth202220172022Transportothers34ImportsImportsgrowthgrowth20172022202220172022202220172022TransportothersDevelopingeconomies:Asiaandoceania20172022growth2022Imports20172022growth202220172022Transportothers2Table2.Exportsofselectedservices,byregion,2022(MillionsofUnitedStatesdollars)Chargesforthe Chargesforthe UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023333LDCs3LDCs+2.2%$22billion+40%+2.2%worIdGDpgrowthslowedto3.1%GrowthofworldGDptoslowfurtherto2.2%in2023GDPgrowthinLDCsstiIIbelow2030Agenda1targetof7%Therichesteconomies,accountingfor63%oftheworldGDPin2022，hostony17%ipopulation田Map1.Grossdomesticproductpercapita,2022(UnitedStatesdollars)Trendsinglobaleconomy公growthrate6420Note:Inconstant2015UnitedStatesdol(asofoctober2023).Fortheweeklyupdateofthenowcastanditsmethodology,see38RegionaltrendsNote:Inconstant2015UnitedStatesdollars.Globaleconomicinequalityr℃Figure3.Distributionofworldgrossdomesticproduct rwithineconomiesisnotconsidered.UNCTADHandbookofStatistics20231111202220222021202220212022aInconstant2015UnitedStatesdolTable2.Nominalgrossdomesticproductbytypeofexpenditure,2021formation1.8aIncludingnon-proýtinstitutions40201120212011202120112021Table3.NominalgrossvalueaddedbyeconomicactivityTable4.Economieswithhighestgrossdomesticproductpercapita2022formation202120212021202120212022aInconstant2015UnitedStatesdolbIncludingnon-proýtinstitutionsseUNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023Developingeconomies，qadrupledfrom2019to2022-unitedstatesstillhadtheworld'slargestdefcit：$944bilionin2022currentaccountdefcitIargerthaninsomeSIDSandLDCsLDCscombineddeficitshrankfrom2015to2020butreboundedin2021and2022Map1.Currentaccountbalanceasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,2022Currentaccountimbalancesacrosstheworldr42Riseindevelopedeconomies'currentaccountdeficit℃Figure1.Balancesinthecurrentaccount0 Note:Currentaccountdeýcitsandsurplusesdonotadduptozeroattheworldlevel,duetoimperfectgeographiccoverageandcross-countrydifferencesincompilationmethods.Leastdevelopedcountries’combineddeficitincreasedin2021andagainin20220UNCTADHandbookofStatistics202302018-2022a202120222018-2022a2021202202018-2022a202120222018-2022a20212022⋮⋮⋮⋮⋮⋮Table1.CurrentaccountbalancebygroupofeconomiesNote:Currentaccountdeýcitsandsurplusesdonotadduptozeroattheworldlevel,duetoimperfectgeographiccoverageandcross-countrydifferencesincompilationmethods.Table2.CurrentaccountbalanceinlargestsurplusanddeýciteconomiesTable3.Currentaccountsofýveleadingexporters(goodsandservices)bygroupofeconomies,2021DevelopedeconomiesNetherlands(Kingdomofthe)4.2 ImportsImportsa 44846Developingeconomies:AfricaSouthAfricaSouthAfricaMoroccoDevelopingeconomies:AmericasDevelopingeconomies:Asiaandoceania90 ImportsImportsa UNCTADHandbookofStatistics2023GlobalFDIinfowsfellby12%In2022FDIinflowstodevelopedeconomiesfellbyIndevelopingeconomiesinflowsincreasedmarginaIyby 4%In2022,DevelopingAsiaaccountedfor51%ofglobalFDIinflowsIn2022,theshareofdevelopedeconomiesinglobaloutwardFDIremainedstablein2022田Map1.Foreigndirectinvestmentinþowsasaratiotogrossýxedcapitalformation,2022FDIinflows公Figure1.Worldforeign