Unit+1+Honesty+and+responsibility+单元培优练习题 高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit1Honestyandresponsibility单元培优练习题Ⅰ.阅读理解AMonkeyBuffetFestival,ThailandOntheverylastSundayofNovember,ifyoufindyourselfinLopburi,Thailand,youcanattendthisstrangeandwonderfulfestival.Inanancienttemple,animpressivefeastisheldforthelocalmacaquemonkeys(猕猴).Aftertheceremony,thefurryguestsofhonorbegintoenterthetemple.Sheetsarethenpulledfromtablesandtowerswhichfeatureabrightanddazzlingpileoffruits,vegetables,candies,andevenicecream!Justcometowatchthesepreciousanimalsfeedonthefoodhappily.Actuallyitsoundslikeapartytoustoo.ElColacho,SpainThisstrangefestivalactuallydatesallthewaybackto1620.Babiesthatareunder1yearofageareallwelcometoparticipate.Thesebabiesarelaidoutonmattresses(褥垫)inthemiddleoftheprocessionroute.Mendressedasdevilswillthenwaitforthebeatofadrumtosignaltheyshouldbegin.Holdingwhips,theymaketheirwayaroundtheroute,jumpingovereachmattresswiththebabyonit.Localsfeelthattheeventwillbringtheirchildrenhealth,luck,andguardthemagainstevilspirits.CheeseRollingFestival,EnglandWhenitwasfirststarted,localsoftheEnglishtownofBrockworth,GloucestershirewouldgatheratCooper'sHill.Nowadays,thisfestivalattractscompetitorsfromallovertheworldeveryMay.Fromtheverytop,a3~4kgwheelofcheeseissentrollingdownthehill.Participantstakeoffafterit,tryingtocatchthespeedingcheesewheel.Ifnobodymanagestocatchtherollingcheese,thefirstpersontocrossthefinishlinewouldbethewinner.Theprizeisthewheelofcheese,ofcourse.Thetripafterthecheeseissodifficultthatdoctorswaitatthebottomtoprovidefirstaidtounluckyparticipantsinneed.1.WhatisexactlyMonkeyBuffetFestival?A.Aceremonyforreligiousbeliefs.B.Showingoffdiversefood.C.Actiontakenforprotectingmonkeys.D.Afeastforcertainanimals.2.WhyisthefestivalofEIColachoobserved?A.Toamusechildren.B.Toblessbabies.C.Tofrightendevils.D.Toeducateadults.3.WhatisrequiredofcompetitorsforCheeseRolling?A.Richknowledge.B.Keencuriosity.C.Athleticbuild.D.Responsibility.BTheLeshanGiantBuddhaisastatueofMaitreya(弥勒佛)insittingposture.TheBuddhaislocatedinSichuanProvince,facingMinjiang,QingyiandDadurivers.InDecember,1996,theBuddhawasincludedbyUNESCOonthelistoftheWorldHeritageList.Facingtheriver,theBuddhahassymmetrical(对称的)postureandlookswhichhavebeenbeautifullycapturedinitssolemn(庄严的)stillness.Thestatuewasbegunintheyear713intheTangDynasty,andfinishedintheyear803.TheBuddhais71metershigh.Andits8-meter-longinstep(脚背)isbigenoughforonehundredpeopletositonandthe28-meter-wideshoulderislargeenoughtobeabasketballplayground.ItwasamonkcalledHaiTongwhoinitiatedtheproject.Hisconcernwasforthesafetyoftheordinarypeoplewhoearnedtheirlivingaroundthejointofthethreerivers.Tempestuousandwildwatersbroughtoutnumerousboataccidentsandthesimplepeopleputthedisasterdowntothepresenceofawaterspirit.SoHaiTongdecidedtocarveagiantstatuebesidetheriverthinkingthattheBuddhawouldbringthewaterspiritundercontrol.Besides,thefallenstonesdroppedduringthecarvingwouldreducethewaterforcethere.After20years'beggingfromdoortodoor,hefinallycollectedenoughmoneyfortheplan.Whensomelocalgovernmentofficialstriedtogetthisamountofmoney,HaiTongsaidthattheycouldgethiseyeballsbutnotthemoneyraisedfortheBuddha.Afterhedugouthiseyeballs,theseofficialsranawayinfear.Theprojectwashalfdonewhenlong-sufferingHaiTongpassedaway,andtwoofhisdisciplescontinuedthework.Afteratotalof90years'hardwork,theprojectwaseventuallyaccomplished.Havingsuchalonghistory,theBuddhawasnearlydestroyedbytheerosion(侵蚀)ofwindandrain.Andwithitsworldwidefame,therenovationoftheBuddhahasreceivedextensiveattentionbothathomeandabroad.Thenin1963theChinesegovernmentbegantherepairingworkundertheinstructionsofexpertsfromUNESCO.Andatpresent,themaintenanceworkisstillinprogress.4.WhatwasHaiTong'spurposetobuildthestatue?A.Togainfame.B.TospreadBuddhism.C.Torespectthewaterspirit.D.Toprotectlocalpeople.5.HowdidHaiTongfundtheproject?A.Bybeggingformoney.B.Byworkingontheriver.C.Byaskingthegovernment.D.Bybuildingbusinesses.6.WhichwordcanbestdescribeHaiTong?A.Generous.B.Social.C.Devoted. D.Cruel.7.Whichcolumnofanewspaperdoesthispassagebelongto?A.Innovation.B.Artandculture.C.Policywatch.D.Forumtrends.CFromcheckingsocialmediaeveryminutetobeinglostincomputergames,wetendtooverusetechnology.“Formanypeople,amomentwithoutyourphoneorlaptopinsightcanfeellikealifetime,”theDailyMailcommented.AcomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.AteamfromtheUS-basedcompanyTollFreeForwardingbuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltouncoverthenegativeeffectstechnologycanhaveonhumanbodiesinlessthan800years.“Spendinghourslookingdownatyourphonestrainsyourneckandthrowsyourspineoffbalance,”explainedCalebBacke,ahealthandwellnessexpertintheUS.Then,themusclesinourneckneedtospendextraefforttosupportthehead,makingourbackhunchedandneckwide.“Thewayweholdourphonescancausepressureincertainpointsofcontact—causingtextclaw,”NikolaDjordjevic,apracticingphysicianinSerbiatoldtheteam.Itaffectstheelbowstoo,causingpaininthearm.Scientifically,itiscalledcubitaltunnelsyndrome.That'swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe'salwaysholdingamobilephone.Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.However,currenthumanlifestylesstillraiseconcerns.AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.TheresearchteambuiltEmmabasedonthehealthissuesmentionedbyover3,000workersinFrance,GermanyandtheUK.Emma'sbackstaysbent,andherlegsareswollenduetothetimepeoplespentinfrontofcomputers.Withlittletimespentoutdoorsandinthesun,herskinispale,too.8.WhatisthepurposeofbuildingthemodelMindy?A.Toencouragebetteruseofelectricdevices.B.Todiscouragepeoplefromoverusingphones.C.Toprovetheimmediateeffectsofusingphones.D.Tofindsolutionstooverusingphones.9.WhatdoesthemodelMindylooklike?A.Shehasbentfingers.B.Shehasanormalelbow.C.Shehasdarkandhealthyskin.D.Sheishunch-backedandthin-necked.10.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Negativetechnologicalimpact.B.Beneficialevolutionprediction.C.Mindy'sfutureappearance.D.Theconnectionbetweenevolutionandtechnology.11.WhydoestheauthormentionanothermodelEmma?A.Tocomparethetwomodels.B.Topromotehealthylifestyles.C.Torelieveconcernsoflifestyles.D.Tocontradicttheoptimisticopinion.Ⅱ.七选五Ifyou'veeverwonderedhowoftenyoushouldshampoo(用洗发水洗)yourhair,you'renotalone.1Whilemanypeopleprefertowashtheirhairdaily,othersthinkthatonceeveryfewdaysisbest.Butthatstillleavesuswiththeveryimportantquestion—howmuchistoomuch?

2Whenyouwashyourhairwithshampoo,thesurfactant(表面活性剂)intheshampoomixeswithwaterandworkstocleandirtandoilfromyourhair.Althoughcleanhairisdefinitelyagoodthing,frequentshampooingcanleadtosomeproblemssuchassplitends(发梢开叉)anddullhair.

Mostpeoplewhowashtheirhaireverydaysaytheydoittoavoidabuild-upofoil.Butinfact,skippingawashisthebestwaytopreventoilfrombuildingup.Mostoftentheoilysubstanceinyourhairdoesn'tcomefromnaturaloilbutfromtheproductsyouusefortreatmentandstyling.3

Actually,howoftenyoushouldshampooyourhairdependsonyourhairtype.Peoplewhosweatalotorliveinahumidareamayneedtoshampootheirhairmorefrequently.4Ifyourhairisoily,youshouldtrytouseashampoothatisspeciallydesignedforoilyhair.

Sincethickerhaircollectslessoil,it'llneedlesswashing.5Anyway,thebestwaytoknowhowoftentowashyourhairistoexperiment.Aslongasyoudon'thavescalp(头皮)problems,youcanwashyourhaironceaweek.

A.Itisevidentthatshampoocanbeharmfultoyourhair.B.Oilyhair,ontheotherhand,ismoredifficulttodealwith.C.Washingyourhaireverydaycanbecostlyandunhelpful.D.It'saquestionthathasbeenbotheringthousandsofpeople.E.Inaddition,dryandcurlyhaircanoftenbeleftunwashedfordays.F.Youmaynoticesomechangesifyoustartskippingwashingyourhair.G.Toanswerthat,wefirstneedtounderstandwhathappenswhenyouwashyourhair.Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack对最近你校开展的课间跑操活动(runningexerciseduringthebreak)很感兴趣,现写信向你了解你对课间跑操的看法和感受。请你给他写一封回信,内容包括:1.活动目的;2.你的看法和感受。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearJack,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua参考答案Ⅰ.【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了三个节日——泰国猴子自助餐节、西班牙跳婴节和英国滚奶酪节。1.D细节理解题。根据MonkeyBuffetFestival,Thailand部分第二句可知,该节日为猴子举办盛宴,让它们饱餐一顿。2.B细节理解题。根据ElColacho,Spain最后两句可知,在跳婴节中男子从婴儿身上跳跃过去,当地人认为可以驱魔,给孩子们带来健康和好运,所以该节日是为祝福婴儿而举办。3.C推理判断题。根据CheeseRollingFestival,England部分第四句及最后一句可知,参与者在奶酪轮滚下山顶后起跑去抓住加速行驶的奶酪轮,这个过程非常艰难。由此判断,参加比赛的人要有健壮的体魄。【语篇导读】四川乐山大佛闻名中外,那这座大佛是何人因何所建呢,本文将带你一探究竟。4.D推理判断题。根据第三段可知,因这里经常发生船舶事故,海通和尚想雕刻一尊大型佛像以制服水神,保人们平安。5.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,海通和尚通过化缘的方式来筹集修建大佛的资金。6.C推理判断题。根据第四段前两句可知,海通和尚为塑大佛,20年如一日四处化缘,为保全资金不惜自毁双目,最佳描绘他的词应是devoted“有献身精神的”。7.B推理判断题。本文主要是关于被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》的乐山大佛背后的故事,属于文化及艺术范畴。【语篇导读】我们倾向于沉迷于科技,过度使用手机和电脑。文章阐明了过度使用手机和电脑会带来的负面影响。8.B细节理解题。根据第二段可知,建立Mindy模型的目的是展示科技的负面影响劝阻人们不要过度使用手机。9.A细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,Mindy的手看起来像一直拿着手机,所以手指应是弯曲的。10.B主旨大