2024届中考英语一轮复习句型专题

宾语从句定义：在句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。连接词：连接词是否有意义是否做成分是否可以省略从属连词that无意义不作成分，从句完整在不影响句意的情况下，可省略whether，if有意义，“是否”不可省略连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever有意义作成分，从句不完整不可省略连接副词when,where,why,how作状语，句子完整that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时，由于只起连接作用，本身没有意义，所以常常省略，特别是在believe,think,know,say等动词的后面。Eg:Hebelieved(that)thatmanwasacriminal.Thegirlknows(that)herparentswon’tlietoher.Doyouthink(that)ourteamwillwinthegame.Thereisnodoubt(that)it’sgoingtorainsoon.if、whether引导的宾语从句if、whether引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，不可省略Eg:Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcome.Billwonderedif/whetherhecouldgetsomeadvicefromhisfriends.一般情况下，if和whether可互换使用，但在以下情况通常用whether，不用if当宾语从句位于主句之前Eg:Whethertheycanhelpyou,I’mnotsure.与or连用时Eg:Iwonderwhetherhewillpickmeupornot.与动词不定式连用时Eg:Theydon’tdecidewhethertovisittheirteachers.作介词的宾语时Eg:Itdependsonwhetherwecangetthepermission.连接代词引导的宾语从句连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever具有意义，除了连接主从句外，还在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。在宾语从句中作主语Eg:Achildknowswholoveshimtruly.Thepolicemenfoundoutwhatcausedtheaccident.在宾语从句中作宾语Eg:Theywanttoknowwhichhelikesbest.Hebelievedwhateverhisbrothersaid.在宾语从句中作表语Eg:Doyouknowwhoheis?Idon’tcarewhoseitis.在宾语从句中作定语Eg:Idon’tknowwhichbookisLily’s.Thelittlegirlwanderedwhosecandyitwas.连接副词引导的宾语从句连接副词when,where,why,how具有意义，除了连接主从句外，还在从句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式方法、程度等状语。Eg:Hisparentsdidn’tdecidewhentheyweregoingtoleave.Herealizedwherehelefthiswallet.Iwonderedwhymywatchdidn’twork.Shewantstoknowhowwegetthere.Mostvillagersknowhowdeeptheriveris.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的连接词位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。Eg:Thereportertoldmewherethescientistlived.ForeignersarealwaysaskedwhatChinesefoodtheylikebest.Allthestudentswanttoknowiftheartfestivalwillbeheld.宾语从句的时态从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词要保持时态一致，一般遵循以下原则：当主句是现在时态时，从句可用任何所需要的的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响Eg:Hethinkshissisterisverysmart.Manypeopleguessthisregulationwilltakeeffectsoon.Shedoesn’tbelieveherhusbandliedtoher.当主句是过去时态时，从句需使用相应的时态当主从句的动作同时发生Eg:Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhichcountryhewasin.当主句动作先发生，从句动作后发生Eg:Hepromisedhewouldgotothemovieswithus当主句动作后发生，从句动作先发生Eg:Bensaidhehadfinishedreadingthebook.当从句表示客观真理或事实Eg:Myfathertoldmethemoontravelsaroundtheearth.宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语是第一、三人称，且谓语动词是表示“想、认为”等意义的词，如think,believe,suppose,expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。Eg:Idon’tthinkheishonest.Hedoesn’tbelievehecanpasstheexam.宾语从句中that不能省略的情况当that引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略Eg:Irealize(that)I’minchargeandthateveryoneacceptsmyleadership.介词后的宾语从句中that不能省略Eg:Themovieisunsatisfactoryinthatitdoesn’thaveahappyending.当it作形式宾语，后面的that不能省略Eg:Somestudentsconsideritdifficultthattheycanlearnmathwell.当宾语从句的主语是this、that或被this、that修饰时，连接词that不可以省略Eg:Theteachersaidthatthiswordcouldn’tbeusedlikethat.练习：-Whatdidhesayjustnow?-Heasked___A.iftheywouldmeetat10o'clockB.whenwouldtheystartC.thattheywouldtakesomefoodD.howtheywillgetthere2.-I'mgoingtobuyacomputer.Anyadvice?-Well,itdependson___.A.whenwillyoubuyoneB.whatcolordoyoulikeC.howmuchyoucanaffordD.whereareyoudriving3.-canyoutellme___?-Africa.A.whatthelionlikeseatingB.whythelionlooksunhappyC.whenthelionwasbornD.wherethelioncomesfrom4-l'dliketoknow_____.-Maybeintheforest.A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocampingC.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping5.Couldyoutellme___amomentago?A.whatweretheytalkingaboutB.whataretheytalkingaboutC.whattheyweretalkingaboutD.whattheyaretalkingabout6.-Ididn’tseeDavidthismorning.Doyouknow___hewasn’tatschool?-Hewasill.A.howB.whetherC.whenD.why7.-I’msorrytobelate.-Couldyoutellme___?A.whyyouarelateagainBwhyareyoulateagainC.whatwereyoudoingD.whodidyoutalkwith8.-Couldyoupleasetellme_______youwillgotoworktomorrow?-Sure.I’lltakeabus.AwhetherB.whyC.whenD.how9.Erictoldme___tobeinBeijingagain.A.howhappyhewasB.howhehappywasC.howhappywasheD.howwashehappy10.Iknewthatthesun_______intheeastwhenIwasveryyoung.A.willriseB.roseC.riseD.rises11.-Doyouknow______hewouldbesuccessfulornot?-Sorry,I'venoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.which12.Shewantstoknow_.A.whetherornotwillhecomeB.whetherornothewillcomeC.ifornothewillcomeD.ifornotwillhecome13.Lilytoldherfriendsthatshe_______acoughforthreedays.A.hasB.hadhadC.hadcaughtD.hashad14.-WecanuseWe-chattotalkwitheachotheronthephone.-Really?Willyoupleaseshowme________?A.howcanIuseB.howIcanuseC.howcanIuseitD.howIcanuseit15.-Yourdressisquitebeautiful.Couldyoutellme________?-Intheshopbehindmycompany.A.wheredidyoubuyitB.whereyouboughtitC.whydidyoubuyitD.whyyouboughtit

定语从句定义：充当定语作用的从句，用于限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词、代词或整个句子。先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象称为先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。先行词所作成分指人指物主语宾语表语定语状语关系代词that√√√√√which√√√who√√√whom√√whose√√√as√√√√√关系副词whenday,year,date,time等时间名词√whereplace,city,Beijing等地点名词√whyreason√分类：按定语从句与其先行词的关系，分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与其先行词的关系密切，其间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与其先行词的关系比较松散，其间要用逗号隔开。关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。当关系代词作宾语时，通常可省略。Eg:Themanwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisournewEnglishteacher.（作主语）Iboughtthisbook(which/that)Ithoughtwasinteresting.（作宾语）Thecityisnolongerthesameasitwas.（作表语）Billdoesn’tlikethehousewhosewindowisbroken.（作定语）关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因等。Eg:Istillrememberthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.Theybookedthehotelwheretheystayedlastsummerholiday.Theteacherdidn’tacceptthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who,whom,whose;关系副词有when和where.Eg:Asweallknow,waterwillturnintoicewhenthetemperatureisbelowzero.Mygrandpa,whoisovereighty,exerciseseveryday.Manypeopleareusedtostayinguplate,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Jimmyknewtheboy,whomItalkedwithjustnow.Frankvisitedasmallfarm,wherehisfatherworkedtwentyyearsago.关系代词和关系副词的选择从句缺少成分，则选择关系代词从句不缺成分，则选择关系副词Eg:Theytalkedaboutthecity________thesingerheldaconcert.A.whoseB.thatC.whereD./解析：C.从句不缺成分，因此需选择关系副词where.Theytalkedaboutthecity________wasfamousasatradecenter.A.whoseB.thatC.whereD./解析：B.从句缺少主语，因此需选择关系代词，且根据句意应选择that.关系代词that和which用法辨析that和which在定语从句中都可指物，且可作主语或宾语。一般情况下，that和which可互换使用，但在以下情况却不可互换。用that不用which的情况：当先行词既有指人，又有指物的名词时Eg:LittleCindyislookingatthethingsandpeoplethatarearoundher.Theymadealistofthemoviesandtheactorsthatwonprizes.当先行词是some,any,all,none,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时Eg:Youcanborrowanybookthatyouareinterestedin.IwanttobuyallthatIneed.当先行词是形容词最高级、序数词或被这类词修饰时Eg:ThisisthebiggestboxthatIcanfind.当先行词被thesame,theonly,thevery,thenext,thelast修饰时Eg:Thelastpersonthatgetsherewillbepunished.Shewastheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Eg:Whowasthegirlthatwaitedforthebuswithyou?Whichofthepensthatareonthedeskisyours?用which不用that的情况：非限制性定语从句中Eg:Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer,whichwasboughtbymyfatherfouryearsago.先行词是that时Eg:What’sthatwhichisnexttomydictionary?在定语从句中作介词的宾语时Eg:Iforgotthedateonwhichwemet.关系代词that和who用法辨析that和who在定语从句中都可指人，且可作主语或宾语。一般情况下，that和who可互换使用，但在以下情况用who，不用that。先行词是指人的不定代词（如：one,ones,anyone,nobody,everyone等）时Eg:Hewastheonewhobrokethewindow.Everyonewhoreceivesaninvitationcancometotheparty.先行词是指人的thoseEg:Thosewhoareintroubleneedsomeadvice.Therebe结构中主语是指人的名词Eg:Thereweretwowomenwhowantedtoseeyou.练习：1.Thecat____playedwithyourdaughterjustnowis___.A.which;mineB.which;myC.what;mineD.what;my2.Everyone____hasbeentomyhometownsaysitisabeautifulvillage.A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which3.Thisisthemiddleschool_____Istudiedtwelveyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which4.Theman_____makesabigdifferenceinmylifeismyfather.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what5.It'sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse____hasnewfurnitureinit.A.whoB.whereC.thatD.what6.Beingdisabledissomething______manypeoplecan'taccept.A.WhoB.whatC.thatD.whom7.-Doyouknowtheone______ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?-No.Buthowniceheis!A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that8.Thehouse______ChairmanMaousedtoliveisnowamuseum.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.there9.YesterdayMangowenttothetown_____shewasborn.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that10.I'llneverforgetthelesson___lastyear.A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearnedC.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned11.Ilovetheuniversity___Ihavestudiedinforfouryears.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.who12.-Whatareyoulookingfor?-I'mlookingforthewatch__Iboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.when13.-Look!Thatisthegirl_____Imetyesterday.-Sheismydaughter.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.when14.Pleaseenterintothehouse___dooriswhite.A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.what15.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers____IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which16.Winteristhetimeoftheyear______thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which17.Itisoneofthemostinterestingmovies_____Ihaveeverwatched.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom18.Youcantalkwithanyone____youthinkisfriendly.A.thatB.whomC.whichD.who19.Hedoesn'tknowthatrule__everybodyknows.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom20.Thenovel_____waswrittenbyMoYanwontheNobelPrizeinliterature.A.whoB.thatC.whenD.what

状语从句定义：在句中充当状语成分的从句。分类：初中阶段主要学习了9大状语从句，分别是时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，比较状语从句，方式状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句。时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示主句动作发生的时间，常用when,while,as,assoonas,before,after,until,till,since等引导。When,while,as引导的时间状语从句连接词意义特点when当......时从句的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以是瞬息性动词while当.....时从句的谓语动词只可以是持续性动词，常表示主从句的动作同时发生as当.....时，一边.....一边......强调主从句动作同时进行Eg:Wewerehavingdinnerwhentherainstormcame.I’llcallyouwhenit’sarranged.Whilethechildrenwereplayingwiththetoys,theirmotherwaswatchingTV.Brucebecamehappyashesawhisfriends.assoonas引导的时间状语从句assoonas意为“一......就......”，引导的时间状语从句一般用现在时表示将来意义Eg:I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarriveinFrance.Assoonashesawus,herantoshakehandswithus.before引导的时间状语从句before意为“在......之前”，引导的时间状语的动作发生在主句动作之后Eg:BeforeIgotobed,Ialwaysbrushmyteeth.Wewaitedalongtimebeforewegotontheplane.after引导的时间状语从句after意为“在......之后”，引导的时间状语的动作发生在主句动作之前Eg:Aftertherainstopped,wewentdownthemountain.IfeltbetterafterItalkedwithmyparents.until,till引导的时间状语从句until和till意为“直到”，很多时候可以互换使用。用于肯定句时，主句谓语动词是持续性动词；用于否定句时，主句谓语动词用瞬息性动词。需要注意的是until可用于句首，till不用于句首。Eg:Westayedatthehoteluntil/tillthestrongwinddieddown.Ididn’tgotobeduntil/tillmysoncamebackhome.Untilyoutoldme,Ididn’tknowanythingofthenews.since引导的时间状语从句since意为“自从......以来”，常与现在完成时连用。Eg:Ithasbeentenyearssincewelastmeteachother.Mygrandmahaslivedheresinceshewasalittlegirl.地点状语从句表示位置或方向的从句叫地点状语从句，主要由where,wherever等引导，意为“在......地方，在任何......地方”Eg:Whereveryougo,Iwillbeherewaitingforyou.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.原因状语从句在句中作原因状语的从句叫作原因状语从句，常由because,since,as等引导because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句时，语气最强，表示直接原因Eg:Hegaveuphisjobbecausehecouldn’tstandhisboss.since引导原因状语从句时意为“既然，由于”，语气比because弱Eg:Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sdiscussaboutourworkingplan.as引导原因状语从句时意为“因为，既然，由于”，语气不如because、as强Eg:Asshewasshy,shehadfewfriends.比较状语从句在句中作比较状语的句子叫作比较状语从句。主要由as，than等引导。Eg:HerforeignfriendspeaksChineseasfluentlyasshedoes.Tomisnotso/asoutgoingasPeter(is).Hecanearnmoremoneythanyoucan.方式状语从句描述主句中动作或状态发生的方式或方法的从句叫作方式状语从句，主要由as,asif,asthough引导。as引导方式状语从句时，意为“按照、正如、像、如同”Eg:YoumustdoasIrequire.Everythinghappenedasthedetectiveexpected.Frictionisnotalwaysabadthingasyoumightthink.Wateristofishasairistoman.asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句时，意为“似乎，好像”，asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示所说的情况不是现实。Eg:Hespokeasifheweretheownerofthishouse.但是当说表示的情况是事实或者实现的可能性较大时，从句用陈述语气Eg:Theskyisdarkasifit’sgoingtorain.条件状语从句表示条件或前提的从句叫作条件状语从句。主要由if,unless,as/solongas等引导。if引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”Eg:Ifyougetuplate,youwillmissthetrain.unless引导条件状语从句时，意为“除非.....否则......”Eg:Unlessyouarefamousenough,youwon’treceiveaninvitation.as/solongas引导条件状语从句时，意为“只要”Eg:As/solongasyousticktoyourdream,you’llmakeitcometrueoneday.让步状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态与从句中的某一动作或状态在意义上有部分矛盾。主要由although,though,evenif/though,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoever等引导。although/though意为“尽管，虽然”，不与but连用Eg:Although/thoughhetriedhisbest,hefailedintheend.evenif/though意为“即使，尽管”Eg:Evenif/thoughIseeitwithmyeyes,Ican’tbelieveit.whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoever引导让步状语从句时，相当于“nomatter+wh-”Eg:Whateveryouwant,I’llgiveittoyou.(=Nomatterwhatyouwant,I’llgiveittoyou.)Wherevermysistervisits,shewillsendmeapostcard.(=Nomatterwheremysistervisits,shewillsendmeapostcard.)Whicheveradviceyoutake,you’llbenefitfromit.(=Nomatterwhichadviceyoutake,you’llbenefitfromit.)目的状语从句表示主句中的动作或状态发生的目的或动机，引导目的状语从句的连词主要有sothat（以便）,inorderthat（为了）等。Eg:Idecidetoworkhardersothat/inorderthatIcangetbettergrades.I’llplaythevideoagainsothat/inorderthatyoucannoticethedifference.结果状语从句结果状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态所产生的结果，引导结果状语从句的连接词有sothat,so...that,such...that等。sothat意为“因此，以致于”Eg:Hewasoftenabsentsothathedidn’tpasstheexam.so...that...意为“如此......以致于”so+形容词/副词+thatEg:IwassohungrythatIatethreeapples.Thethiefransofastthatnoonecouldcatchhim.so+many/much/few/little+名词+thatEg:Wehadsolittlemoneythatwecouldaffordanewcar.Therearesomanytreesthattheairisfresh.such...that意为“如此......以致于”such+a/an+可数名词单数+thatEg:Heissuchalazymanthathisroomisalwaysinamess.such+可数名词复数/不可数名词+thatEg:Smartphoneshavebecamesuchimportanttoolsthatwecarrythemwithusallthetime.HegavemesuchgoodadvicethatIfinishedthetaskeasily.练习：1.Grayisgoingtogiveawaysomefoodtothefoodbank,_____heisnotrichenough.A.ifB.unlessC.sinceD.though2.Jimmyhasbeeninthecompanyfortwoyears______hegraduated.A.whenB.sinceC.assoonasD.as3.You'dbettermakealist___yougotothesupermarket.A.beforeB.duringC.untilD.after4.Sheraisedhervoice________everyoneintheroomcouldhearher.A.sothatB.assoonasC.nomatterD.eventhough5.Hewillwashhishandsatonce____hegetshome.A.soB.assoonasC.becauseD.though6._____Iwalkedintooffice,Isawhimsittingonmychair.A.WhileB.WhenC.IfD.Because7.It’squi