2024届高考英语阅读理解说明文篇章结构课件

StructureofExposition（说明文）Acceptwhatwasandwhatis,andyou’llhavemorepositiveenergytopursuewhatwillbe.接受过去和现在的模样，才会有能量去追寻自己的未来。1Perceivemainstructureofdifferenttypesandthreemainpatternsofexposition2Applylearnedknowledgetoimprovethereadingskills3BemoreconfidentwhenfacingexpositoryessaysLearningObjectives年份ABCD七选五2022年新高考I卷应用文说明文说明文说明文说明文2023年新高考I卷应用文夹叙夹议文说明文说明文说明文2020年新高考I卷应用文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文2022全国I卷应用文说明文记叙文夹叙夹议文应用文2021全国I卷应用文说明文记叙文议论文说明文近几年高考阅读理解文章各文体的比重：1Scientistswhostudyhappinessknowthatbeingkindtootherscanimprovehappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanbetteraperson’smood(心情),forexample.Everydaylifeaffordsmanychancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakeuseofthem.2InasetofstudiespublishedonlineintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,NickEpley,abehavioralscientist,andIexaminedapossibleexplanation.Wefoundthatpeoplewhoperformrandom(随机的)actsofkindnessdonotalwaysrealizehowmuchofaneffecttheyarehavingonanotherperson.Peopleusuallythinklittleofhowothersvaluetheseacts.3Acrossourinvestigations,severalresultscameout.Forone,bothgiversandreceiversoftheactsofkindnesswereinmorepositivemoodsthanusualaftertheseexchanges.Foranother,itwasclearthatgiversundervalued(低估)theireffect;receiversfeltmuchbetterthanthekindgiversexpected.Thereceiversalsoreallyrecognizedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.4Atfirst,westudiedactsofkindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butlaterwefoundthatgiversundervaluedtheirpositiveeffectonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,giversinapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolatetostrangersonacoldwinter’sday.Onceagain,theexperiencewasmorepositivethanthegiversexpectedforthereceivers.Whilethepeoplegivingthehotchocolatesawtheactasunimportant,itreallymatteredtothereceivers.5Ourfindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmalltothegiverscouldmatteragreatdealtothereceivers.Sincethesewarmactscanpromoteourownmoodandbrightenthedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WarmActsAreUsuallyValuedB.WarmActsAreNecessaryForPeopleC.KindnessCanHaveUnexpectedlyPositiveResultsD.KindnessCanUnexpectedlyBrightenOurOwnDaytopicstudiesandinvestigationsappealpeopletodosth新研究发现：研究发现--研究过程：背景、目标、对象、方法、数据、结果...--研究结论：前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...1WhenMarkTwainfirstsetevesonHawaiiin1866,heobservedthatwildcatswereeverywhereandallofthemfat,lazy,andsoundasleep.Nearly160yearslater,however,thosecatsthatsodelightedTwainarenowwidelyseenasathreattotheislands.2CatswerefirstbroughttoHawaiibyship,wheretheyfedonmice.Astheirnumberintheirnewhomegrewduringthe19thcentury,birdsstartedtodisappear.Atleast30typesofnativebirdswentextinctbetween1870and1930becauseofcats,accordingtotheUSGeologicalSurvey.3Hawaiiancatsdon’tjustthreatenbirds.Toxoplasmosis(弓形虫病)isadiseasecausedbycatsandthencontaminatessoilandwaterthroughtheirwaste.Anewstudyfoundthattwodolphinsdiedoftoxoplasmosis.Fromthesefindingstheauthorssuggestthatatleast60dolphinshavediedofthediseaseoverthepast30years.4Thegreatmajorityofthedolphinsincludedinthestudywerekilledbyothermeans.But“iftheydobecomeinfected(感染)withToxoplasmosisthisstudysuggeststhattheydieandtheydiequickly”,saysKristiWest,oneoftheauthorsanddirectoroftheHealthandStrandingLabattheUniversityofHawaii.5Whatcanbedone?ThelawthatcouldhavedirectedHawaiiInvasiveSpeciesCounciltokillcatsusingpoisoned(下了毒的)fooddidn’tpassinthestateearlierthisyear.Animal-loversusesomemedicalmethodstokeepthemfromhavingbabycats.MsWestsuggeststhatpeoplehavetostopdeserting(抛弃)thesepoorcats.Shesays,“It’snotreallyacatproblem.It’sahumanproblem.”12.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.TotellusTwain’sstory.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Togiveusanexampleofcats.D.Toshowcatsarethreatened.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Dolphinsareeasytogetinfected.B.Dolphinsarekilledinotherways.C.Toxoplasmosisisdangeroustodolphins.D.Toxoplasmosisquickensdeathofdolphins15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Humansshouldtreatcatswell.B.Catsarekilledbypoisonedfood.C.Alawhasbeenpassedinthestate.D.Animal-lovers’methodsarehelpful.topicproblemsandeffectsmeasurestodealwiththeproblems问题解决型：问题--分析问题（因果）--解决措施--呼吁或建议或评价问题分析问题（后果）措施呼吁&建议&评价...Summary问题解决型1Theabilitytousethelefthandisreferredtoasleft-handedness.Left-handednessisactuallymorecommoninthemalepopulationthaninfemales.Thereareanumberofmythsaboutthem.2Itisdifficultforleft-handedchildrentolearnwritingofthealphabet,withoutpersonaltutoring.Nottrueatall.Observetheleft-handedtoddler.Everyoneelseismorebotheredabouthisleft-handednessthanhehimselfis.Theleft-handedchildadaptstowriting,drawingandallotheractivitiesthatrequirehimtoholdawritingtoolasearlyastheright-handed.32Infact,manyleft-handedpeopledisplayneaterhandwritingthantheirright-handedpartners.3Leftieshavealesserchanceofsurvivingahand-to-handfight.Thisisanythingbuttrue.Historybearswitnesstotheadvantageleft-handednesshadduringhand-to-handfightsandevenwithintheboxingring.33Infact,acommonobservationisthattheleft-handedfighterisabletostrikeastrongsurpriseattackontheopen,unprotectedrightside.4Left-handedpeoplearemanyatimeatthedisadvantageofusingtoolsdesignedfortheright-handed.Well,thisistrue,buttoday,thereisawholerangeoftoolsandequipmentbeingdesignedforleft-handedpeople.34Manyright-handedtoolscanbemoldedtosuittheneedsoftheleft-handedcraftsman.Eventhecomputermousehasbeenchallengedinuseandthetouchpadprovidesaleft-handedprofessionalequalopportunity.(giveexample)535Researchshowsthatleft-handedpeopleareinfacthighachievers.Thisisbecausetheirbrainsarestructuredtowidentheirabilities.Anumberofmathematical,artisticandsportinggeniuseswereandareleft-handed.However,mostleft-handersovertheworld,mighthave,atsomestageintheirlife,beenonthereceivingendofdevaluedcommentsregardingtheirchoiceofhand.Iamsurethislistanddiscussionaboutleft-handedpeoplewouldbereasonenoughtobeproudofbeingleft-handed.introducethetopicargument1argument2argument3conclusion:themainidea主题说明型：引出主题（aphenomenon/project/plan/debate/theory...）--解释主题--拓展主题（利弊、因果、影响、意义、评价...）引入主题解释主题拓展主题anobjectphenomenonatheoryadebateaninvention...aprojectadvantages&disadvantage主题说明型cause&effectinfluencesignificanceevaluation...Summary32.Comparedtoright-handedchildren,whatcanwelearnaboutleft-handedones?A.Theyfindithardtolearnwriting.B.Theyaretiredoftheleft-handedness.C.Theyareusedtowritingtoolstoolate.D.Theymayhavemorebeautifulhandwriting.33.Whatadvantagedoleftieshaveinhand-to-handfights?A.Theycouldstartasurpriseattackwiththeirlefthands.B.Theycouldattacktheirpartners’leftsidessurprisingly.C.Theyhaveabetterchancetobeattheirpartnersinhistory.D.Theyaregoodatfightingespeciallywithintheboxingring.34.Whatisthecomputermousementionedtoshowus?A.Left-handedpeopleareinfacthighachievers.B.Left-handedpeoplehavemanydisadvantages.C.Manytoolsaredesignedfortheleft-handed.D.Manyleft-handedreceivebadremarksdaily.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoleft-handedness?A.Indifferent

B.Confused

C.Critical

D.FavorableAcceptwhatwasandwhatis,andyou’llhavemorepositiveenergytopursuewhatwillbe.1Youprobablylearnedinelementaryschoolthatcountingtheringsofatreetrunkisasimplewaytomeasureitshistoryandage.Butwhatifyouneedtofindouthowoldaliveandhealthytreeiswithoutcallinginanexpert?2Cuttingitopentodetermineitsagewouldcauseirreversible(不可逆转的)damagetoalivetree.Butthereisonequickwaytodetermineastandingtree’sageanditcallsforabitofmath.Firstuseatapemeasuretorecordthecircumference(周长)ofthetreetrunkatroughly1.3metersfromtheground.Next,it’stimetodeterminethetree’sdiameter(直径).Todothat,dividethetree’scircumferencebypi(3.14).Then,takethediameterandmultiplyitbythespecies’specificgrowthfactor(因子)number.Thisiswhereknowingthetreespeciesisvital.3Scientistsusedtheirknowledgetouncovergrowthfactorsforeachtreespecies.Multiplyingthetree’sdiameterbythetree’sspecificgrowthfactorwillgiveyouthetree’sroughage.4Growthfactorsvaryfromtwotosevenandbeyond.Thegrowthfactorsforsomeofthemostcommontreespeciesinclude:redmaple:4.5,cottonwood:2,sugarmaple:5.5,dogwood:7,andwhiteoak:5.Solet’stakearedmaple,whichhasagrowthfactorof4.5,andassumeithasacircumferenceof22inches.Togetitsage,divide22inchesbypitogetthetree’sdiameter—7inches.Nowtake7andmultiplythatby4.5,whichistheredmaple’sgrowthfactorandyouget31.5,theroughageofthetree.5Thisisasimplewaytocountroughlyatree’sagewithoutthreateningthetree’shealth,butitdoesn’tguarantee100percentexactness;growthfactorsaremostexactfortreesfoundinhealthyforests.Urbantreesfacestressorslikepoorsoilorlimitedgrowingareasthatmayaffecttheiroverallhealthandgrowth.disadvantage/shortcomingwhattopichow:approachexamples:supportive新研究发现：研究发现--研究过程：背景、目标、对象、方法、数据、结果...--研究结论：前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...28.Whatistheproblemwiththefamiliarmethodofcountingatree’sage?A.Itisnotexact. B.Itisnotsuitableforalivingtree.C.Itneedsthehelpofanexpert. D.Ittakestoomuchtime.29.Whatisimportantincalculatingtheageofalivetree?A.Thetreespecies. B.Thegrowthspeedofthetree.C.Theheightofthetree. D.Thelivingenvironmentofthetree.30.Whatistheageofasugarmaple6inchesindiameter?A.27. B.30. C.33. D.42.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?AUncoverTrees’GrowthFactorsB.WhatAffectstheAgeofaTreeC.HowtoKeepaTreeLiveandHealthyD.HowtoGettheAgeofaLiveTreeMathematically问题解决型：问题--分析问题（因果）--解决措施--呼吁或建议或评价