陕西省咸阳市礼泉县2023-2024学年高三上学期期中期学科素养调英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

礼泉县2023~2024学年度第一学期中期学科素质调研高三英语注意事项:1.本试题共10页,满分150分,时间120分钟。2.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后,监考员将答题卡按顺序收回,装袋整理;试题不回收。第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Gobacktolookforit.B.Reporttothepolice.C.Buyanewone.2.WhatisOliviadoingatpresent?A.AttendingameetingB.Answeringaphone.C.Meetingacustomer.3.WhoisDave?A.Theboy’sbrother.B.Theboy’sclassmate.C.Afriendoftheboy’sbrother.4.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Herhat.B.Hercoat.C.Hergloves.5.Whenwillthespeakersdiscussthematteragain?A.At8:00a.m.B.At9:00a.m.C.At10:00a.m.第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Gotothepostoffice.B.Payelectricbillfirst.C.Openacheckingaccount.7.Howdomostpeoplepaytheelectricbill?A.Bycheck.B.Incash.C.Byphone.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whereisthetyphoonexpectedtocomefrom?A.Themainland.B.ThewesternPacific.C.Theman’scity.9.Whenisthetyphoonlikelytocometothespeakers`city?ATomorrowmorning.B.Today.C.Tomorrowevening.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Increaseherstudytime.B.Managehertimeproperly.C.Followhisrevisionschedule.11.Whenwillthespeakersholdaparty?A.OnNovember25th.B.OnNovember26th.C.OnNovember27th.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Dosomerevision.B.Preparesomefood.C.Playsomemusic.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Cookingameal.B.Buyinghealthyfood.C.Makingamealplan.14.Whydoesthewomandisagreewiththesuggestionofbacon?A.It’snottohertaste.B.It’snotquicktomake.C.It’snothealthyenough.15.Whatwillthespeakershaveforlunch?A.Somepotatochipsandsoda.B.Sandwichesandapieceoffruit.C.Saladandsomechickenwithrice.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers.B.Chefandcustomer.C.Husbandandwife.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Saturday.18.Whowillperform?A.Kimandhisteam.B.Somemusicteachers.C.Localteenagers.19.WhatdoweknowaboutCityHall?A.It’snearthenewschool.B.ItsellsticketsinRoom405.C.Itsaddressis250MortonAvenue.20.Whatdoesthespeakercallonpeopletodoatlast?A.Supportthemusicians.B.Gototheconcertonfoot.C.Avoidinterruptingthepractice.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AEvenourquietestcornersarefullofsurprises.Yes,ruralBritainisfamousforitsdazzlinglydiversenationalparks.TheLakeDistrictThisisnature’splayground.FromthetipofEngland’stallestpeaktothenation’sdeepestlake,thisnationalparkispackedwithsuper-sizedscenery—andthereareendlesswaystogetinvolved:wildswimming,rafting,canyoning,sailing…,nottomentionsomeofBritain’spremierhikingtrails.TheSouthDownsTheSouthDownswilltakeyourbreathaway-inmorewaysthanone.Yes,itsviewsaremagnificent,buttherearealsoepictrailstohike,riverstokayak,castlestoconquerandwildwoodstoexplore.Andwhileitsbiodiversityisimpressive,theareaisalsohometothrivingtownsanddynamichistory,fromthecathedralcityofWinchestertothe2,000-year-oldRomanvillaatBignor.TheScottishHighlandsLocatedinthenorthernreachesofScotland,theHighlandsareaboutbeautyandadventure.Withislandsforexploring,thickpineforeststowanderandpeakstoclimb,it’spackedwithpicture-perfectsceneryandexcitingexperiences.FromthevalleysofLochLomondtotheheightsofBenNevis,expecteverythingfromfolkfestivalstooff-roading.CornwallRenownedforitsgloriouscountryside,strikingcoastlineanduniqueattractions,you’llfindanabundanceofplacestovisitinCornwall.Fromcatchingaperformanceattheopen-airclifftopMinackTheatretosurfingthewavesatNewquay’sFistralBeach,Cornwallhassomethingforeveryone.1.Inwhichplacescanyoufindgreathikingtrails?A.TheLakeDistrictandCornwall.B.TheSouthDownsandtheScottishHighlands.CTheSouthDownsandtheLakeDistrict.D.TheScottishHighlandsandCornwall.2.WhatactivitiescanyouenjoyintheScottishHighlands?A.Exploringancientcastlesandhistoricallandmarks.B.Attendingfolkfestivalsandreligiousevents.C.Watchingperformancesandtryingbeachactivities.D.MountaineeringandIslandsexploring.3.Whatdothesefourplaceshaveincommon?A.Richculturalhistory. B.Abundantoutdooractivities.C.Impressivebiodiversity. D.Strikingcoastlines.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国乡村著名的四个国家公园，它们都有着各种各样丰富的户外活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TheLakeDistrict中“wildswimming,rafting,canyoning,sailing…,nottomentionsomeofBritain’spremierhikingtrails.”（野生游泳、漂流、峡谷、帆船……更不用说英国一些首屈一指的徒步旅行路线了。）以及TheSouthDowns中“Yes,itsviewsaremagnificent,buttherearealsoepictrailstohike,riverstokayak,castlestoconquerandwildwoodstoexplore.”（是的，它的景色是壮丽的，但也有史诗般的小径徒步旅行，河流皮艇，城堡征服和野生森林探索。）可知，在SouthDowns和LakeDistrict这两个地方你能找到很棒的徒步旅行路线。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheScottishHighlands中“Withislandsforexploring,thickpineforeststowanderandpeakstoclimb,it’spackedwithpicture-perfectsceneryandexcitingexperiences.”（有岛屿可以探索，有茂密的松林可以漫步，有山峰可以攀登，这里充满了完美的风景和令人兴奋的经历。）可知，在ScottishHighlands你能登山和岛屿探险。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章大意以及各个景点的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了英国乡村著名的四个国家公园，它们都有着各种各样丰富的户外活动。由此可知，这四个地方的共同之处是都有着丰富的户外活动。故选B项。BBeesareessentialforthepollination(授粉)offlowers,fruitsandvegetables.Sadly,overthepast15years,theglobalpopulationofthehardworkinginsectshasbeendroppingworldwideatalarmingratesduetolossoffoodandhabitat.Now,Dutchcitiesarecomingupwithcreativeideastohelpstemthepopulationdecreaseoftheseimportantinsects.InAmsterdam,beescanliveforfreeinspeciallybuilt“hotels”-tallwoodenstructures-acrossthecity.Theyprovideperfecthomesformembersoftheover200knownspeciesofsolitary(独居的)bees.Asthenameindicates,theinsectsspendtheirlivesalone.Thoughunabletoproducehoney,solitarybeesareexcellentpollinatorsandperformanessentialroleinmanyecosystems.Additionally,cityofficialsarealsoeducatingpeopleontheuseofharmfulchemicalsandareprovidingprizemoneytoencouragedeveloperstobuildgreenroofsandpopulatethemwithlocalplants.In2015,theysetagoaltochangesomeplantsinpublicgreenspacestonativeplants.Geert,oneoftheeightecologistsworkingforthecity,says,“Ourideaiswhenwedesignapark,weusenativespeciesbutalsothespeciesthatgivealotoffloweringandfruitforbees.”Manypeople,withhelpfromthegovernment,arereplacingthesidewalksoutsidetheirhomeswithsmallgardensfeaturingflowers.InUtrecht,busstoproofsaregraduallybeingturnedintobeautiful,livinggardensdesignedtodrawvarietiesofbeespecies’attention.Thegreenroofs,whichnaturallycollectbothrainwateranddust,arealsobeneficialfortheenvironment.Thesecities’collectiveeffortsseemtobeworking.Arecentstudyfoundthatthevarietyofbeespeciestherehasincreasedbyanastonishing45percentsince2000.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stem”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Review. B.Monitor.C.Stop. D.Improve.5.What’sspecialaboutthebeesinAmsterdam?A.Theyaregoodatproducinghoney.B.They’renotsocialinsects.C.Theyliketonesttogetherinwoods.D.They’rescaredofotherspeciesofbees.6.WhatarebusstopgreenroofsinUtrechtmainlymeanttodo?A.Cleardustaway.B.Plantflowersforenjoyment.C.Collectrainwaterforfutureuse.D.Attractbeestothem.7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Dutchcities’attemptstorestorebeepopulation.B.Importanceofbeesinecosystems.C.Dutchcities’ideastoprotectimportantinsects.D.VarietiesofbeespeciesinDutchcities.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来蜜蜂数量正在以惊人的速度下降。现在荷兰的一些城市采取了多种措施努力增加蜜蜂的数量，并取得了可喜的成果。【4题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Sadly,overthepast15years,theglobalpopulationofthehardworkinginsectshasbeendroppingworldwideatalarmingratesduetolossoffoodandhabitat.(可悲的是，在过去的15年里，由于食物和栖息地的丧失，全球勤劳昆虫的数量在以惊人的速度下降。)”说明昆虫的数量在急速下降，荷兰的城市要做的是帮助阻止昆虫的数量减少，结合下文介绍几个城市所采取的措施，从而推知“Now,Dutchcitiesarecomingupwithcreativeideastohelpstemthepopulationdecreaseoftheseimportantinsects.(现在，荷兰的城市正在想出一些创造性的想法来帮助stem这些重要昆虫的数量减少。)”其中划线词应为“阻止”的意思，与C项“Stop”同义。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theyprovideperfecthomesformembersoftheover200knownspeciesofsolitary(独居的)bees.Asthenameindicates,theinsectsspendtheirlivesalone.(它们为200多种已知的独居蜜蜂提供了完美的家园。顾名思义，这种昆虫是独自度过一生的)”可知，阿姆斯特丹的蜜蜂不是群居昆虫。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“InUtrecht,busstoproofsaregraduallybeingturnedintobeautiful,livinggardensdesignedtodrawvarietiesofbeespecies’attention.(在Utrecht，公交车站的屋顶正逐渐变成美丽的、有生命的花园，旨在吸引各种蜜蜂的注意。)”可知，在Utrecht，公交车站绿化屋顶的主要目的是把蜜蜂吸引过来。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now,Dutchcitiesarecomingupwithcreativeideastohelpstemthepopulationdecreaseoftheseimportantinsects.(现在，荷兰的城市正在想出一些创造性的想法来帮助阻止这些重要昆虫的数量减少。)”以及最后一段“Thesecities’collectiveeffortsseemtobeworking.Arecentstudyfoundthatthevarietyofbeespeciestherehasincreasedbyanastonishing45percentsince2000.(这些城市的集体努力似乎正在起作用。最近的一项研究发现，自2000年以来，那里的蜜蜂种类惊人地增加了45%。)”可知，文章主要讲述荷兰城市为恢复蜜蜂数量所作出的努力。故选A项。COlympicGamesorganizersinFrancepresentedthe2024OlympictorchthatwilllighttheSummerGamesinthecountryayearfromnow.IntheOlympictorchtradition,manypeoplecarrythetorchinturnfromGreecetothecurrentlocationoftheGames.Afterithastraveledthousandsofkilometers.ThetorchwilllighttheOlympiccauldron(火炬台)attheOpeningCeremonyofthenextOlympicGames.FrenchdesignerMathieuLehanneurcreatedthetorch.whichis70centimeterslongandmadeoflightweightsteel.LehanneursaiditsshapeisinspiredbythefamousSeineRiver,whichflowsthroughParis.Hesaidthetorchisequalfromtoptobottomandallaroundthemiddle,whichstandsforequalitybetweenathletes.Thetwistingshapeofthetorchrepresentspeace.Thetorchwasmadewithlightweightsteel.ItslowerhalfcopiesthemovementoftheSeine,alongwhichtheopeningceremonywilltakeplaceforover500,000viewers.LehanneursaidhewantsthetorchtorepresentthekindofeventthatParis2024hopestobe.“Iwantedtomoveawayfromthetorchappearingasanobjectofconquest,”Lehanneursaid.Healsotoldreportersthatdesigningthetorchwasmuchmoretechnicalthanhethoughtitwouldbe.“Themagicisnotthetorchitself,buttheflame,”Lehanneursaid.ThetorchwillbelitupinOlympia,GreeceonApril16,2024,followedbyaninedaytorchrelaybeforesailingacrosstheMediterraneanSeafromAthenstoMarseilleinFranceonMay8.Itwillthenpassthroughseveralimportantplaces,whichincludeStrasbourg,thePantheoninParis,theMontSaint-MichelandmultipleFrenchterritories.TonyEstanguet,theParis2024chief,saidthatthetorchisvery,verybeautiful.Healsosaid,“Itisverypure.It’sperfectlybalancedinthehand.”8.Whyisthetorchequalfromtoptobottom?A.Itiseasyfortorch-bearerstocarry. B.ItisthesymboloftheSeineRiver.C.Itshowsequalitybetweenplayers. D.Itrepresentspeaceamongnations.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromLehanneur’swords?A.HewishesParis2024tobethebestever. B.Thetorchismoreimportantthantheflame.C.Hethinkshighlyofthetorch’sappearance. D.Designingthetorchisharderthanhethinks.10.HowlongwillittakethetorchtotravelfromGreecetoFrance?A.Fifteendays. B.Twentytwodays.C.Ninedays. D.Eightdays.11.WhatisTonyEstanguet’sattitudetothetorch?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Intolerant.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述奥运会组织者在法国传递了2024年奥运会火炬，这将点燃一年后在法国举行的夏季奥运会，并介绍了火炬设计的相关情况。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hesaidthetorchisequalfromtoptobottomandallaroundthemiddle,whichstandsforequalitybetweenathletes.(他说，火炬从上到下和中间都是相等的，这代表着运动员之间的平等)”可知，火炬从上到下相等是为了显示了参赛者之间的平等。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Healsotoldreportersthatdesigningthetorchwasmuchmoretechnicalthanhethoughtitwouldbe.(他还告诉记者，火炬的设计比他想象的要复杂得多)”可知，设计火炬比Lehanneur想象的要难。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ThetorchwillbelitupinOlympia,GreeceonApril16,2024,followedbyaninedaytorchrelaybeforesailingacrosstheMediterraneanSeafromAthenstoMarseilleonMay8.(奥运火炬将于2024年4月16日在希腊奥林匹亚点燃，随后进行为期9天的传递，然后于5月8日从雅典穿越地中海抵达马赛)”可知，火炬从希腊传递到法国需要22天。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“TonyEstanguet,theParis2024chief,saidthatthetorchisvery,verybeautiful.Healsosaid,“Itisverypure.It’sperfectlybalancedinthehand.”(巴黎2024年奥运会的主要负责人TonyEstanguet说火炬非常漂亮。他还说，“它非常完美。在手中十分平稳。”)”可知，TonyEstanguet对火炬的态度是积极的，肯定的。故选A。DTheCyber–securityfirmLucideusTechhaslaunchedSAFEMe,acyberriskassessmentappwithversionsaimedatregularusers,enterprisesandtheirseniorexecutives.“Our‘SAFE’product,whichwelaunchedthreeyearsback,providesthecyberriskstatusforyourorganization,allthewaydowntoeverysinglelaptop,everysinglerouter(路由器),everydatabase,everycloudinstance,”saidSaketModi,co-founderandCEOofLucideusTech.Whenaregularuseropensthe“SAFEMe”app,theywillseeascorehasbeengiventothemabouttheircyber-securityrisk.Theratingsarefromzerotofive;thelowertherate,thehighertherisk.Theappalsodoesariskassessmentforthedevice,andhighlightsiftheuserneedstoupdatetheOS(操作系统),andifthedeviceissecure,etc.ItalsoshowstheuseralistofdamagedpasswordswhichislinkedtotheiremailID,includingthepasswordthatgetsleaked.Modisaystheappwillremainad-freeanditdoesnotrequireanyspecialpermissioninordertoshowthisriskassessment.Theappwillalsoletregularuserstakesafetycoursestoimprovetheirsafetyscore.Themoretestsoneanswersinacorrectway,thebettertheirscorebecomes.Enterprisesonotherhandwillbeabletodesignandruntheirownsafetycampaignsinordertoimprovethesecurityrisksoftheiremployees.“Eventoday,thelargestoftheFortune500companiesaroundtheworlddon’thaveanypersonalizedmoduleforcyber-securityprotectionoftheiremployees.SowhatwearetryingtodowithSAFEMeisgiveyouapersonalassistant,andyoucancountonitwhenitcomestoknowingyourowncyber-securityriskstatus,”hesaid.ModipointedoutthatwithCOVID–19pandemic(流行病)andmoreemployeesworkingfromhome,thedifferencebetweenprofessionalworkspaceandpersonalspacehasdisappeared.“Soourapplicationcangiveusersandemployeesfirsthandvisibilityoftheirownriskstatus.”headded.12.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Todesignsafetyproducts. B.Toteachappusershowtobesafer.C.Toevaluatecyber-securityrisk. D.TopromotetheappSAFEMe.13.WhatcouldSafeMedoaccordingtothetext?A.Providescoresaboutcyber-securityrisk. B.AssisttheuserstoupdatetheOS.C.Instructuserstousepopularapplications. D.Preservethepasswordsfrombeingleaked.14.WhichofthefollowingwordcanbestdescribeSafeMe?A.Costly. B.Practical. C.Complicated. D.Risky.15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Asciencefiction. B.Aresearchpaper.C.Acomputertextbook. D.AnITmagazine.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍LucideusTech推出的名为SAFEMe应用程序。12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheCyber–securityfirmLucideusTechhaslaunchedSAFEMe,acyberriskassessmentappwithversionsaimedatregularusers,enterprisesandtheirseniorexecutives.(网络安全公司LucideusTech推出了SAFEMe，这是一款网络风险评估应用程序，针对普通用户、企业及其高管的版本。)”以及第五段中“SowhatwearetryingtodowithSAFEMeisgiveyouapersonalassistant,andyoucancountonitwhenitcomestoknowingyourowncyber-securityriskstatus.(所以我们正尝试用SAFEMe做的是：给你一个私人助手。当涉及到你想知道你自己网络风险等级状况时，你可以指望它。)”且结合全文可知，文章一直以SaketModi,LucideusTech公司的CEO创始者的角度在向读者介绍这款APP，由此推知，本文的目的是为了推广该程序。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文中第三段“Whenaregularuseropensthe“SAFEMe”app,theywillseeascorehasbeengiventothemabouttheircyber-safetyrisk.(当普通用户打开SAFEMe这款APP时，他们将看见一个关于他们网络安全风险的得分已经显示给他们了。)”可知，这款APP提供关于网络安全风险的评分。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ModipointedoutthatwithCOVID–19pandemic（流行病）andmoreemployeesworkingfromhome,thedifferencebetweenprofessionalworkspaceandpersonalspacehasdisappeared.“Soourapplicationcangiveusersandemployeesfirsthandvisibilityoftheirownriskstatus.”headded.(Modi指出，随着新冠和更多员工在家办公的情况，工作空间和私人空间的差别已经消失，而我们的APP可以给用户和雇员关于他们自己网络风险等级的第一手可视化东西。）”可知，在现在的大环境下，该APP可以给用户和雇员关于他们自己网络风险等级的第一手可视化东西。由此推知，这款应用程序是比较实用的。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheCyber–securityfirmLucideusTechhaslaunchedSAFEMe,acyberriskassessmentappwithversionsaimedatregularusers,enterprisesandtheirseniorexecutives.(网络安全公司LucideusTech推出了SAFEMe，这是一款网络风险评估应用程序，针对普通用户、企业及其高管的版本。)”可知，文章在介绍一款旨在保护用户网络安全的APP，所以最有可能选自IT杂志。故选D项。第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thedevelopmentandkeepingofastrongfriendshipreliesontheeffortsoftwoparties.Bothmembersshouldsharetheresponsibilityofdevelopingahealthyfriendship._____16_____.Yourfriendisalsoresponsibleforgivingthesamelevelofcaretoyou._____17_____.Youshouldhelpyourfriendswithproblem-solvingandrespecttheirdecisions.Goodfriendsarenotjudgmentalandtheyattempttoofferadviceoncomplicatedlifeevents.Thepresenceofthesefactorsalsohelpscreateanenvironmentwherebothpartiesfeelcaredforandadmired.Thedevelopmentofhonestyandtrustinafriendshiphelpsthoseinvolvedfeelcomfortablewhentheycommunicatewitheachother.Mutual(相互的)honestybetweenfriendshelpsbuildasolidrelationshipandencouragesdirectness.Honestyalsoleadstotrust,whichisanotherimportantquality._____18_____.Thoughitisasimpletask,listeningisveryimportantinafriendship.Makinganefforttolistentoyourfriendisaformofrespect.Italsoshowsthatyouactuallywanttolearnaboutsomethingimportanttoyourfriend._____19_____,youcanaskquestions,maintaineyecontactandprovidefeedback(反馈)onthesubject.Youshouldmakeyourfriendfeelacceptedbyincludinghimorherinactivitiesthatyoubothenjoy._____20_____.Havingfunandfeelingcomfortablearebasiccharacteristicsofatruefriendship.Thereareotherbenefitsthatcanresultfromastrongandenjoyablefriendshipsuchasincreasinghappinessandencouraginghealthyhabits.A.IfyouwanttoshowthatyouarelisteningB.Todevelopatruefriendship,youshouldtreatyourfriendthewayyouareexpectedtobetreatedC.Whenyoudon’twanttolistentothemD.SharingwhateveryouhaveincommoncangoalongwayinatruefriendshipE.Inafriendship,itisimportanttobesupportiveduringdifficulttimesF.Trytoacceptyourfriend’sopinionsevenifyoudisagreewithhimorherG.Youshouldbelieveinyourfriendandexpectthesameinreturn【答案】16.B17.E18.G19.A20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了牢固的友谊需要双方共同努力，同时双方都有责任来发展健康的友谊。在一段友谊中，在困难时刻对朋友给予支持很重要。朋友之间的忠诚和信任也有助于建立牢固的关系。【16题详解】根据上文“Bothmembersshouldsharetheresponsibilityofdevelopingahealthyfriendship.(双方都应该共同承担发展健康友谊的责任)”以及下文“Yourfriendisalsoresponsibleforgivingthesamelevelofcaretoyou.(你的朋友也同样有责任给予你同样程度的关爱)”可知，空格处应描述为了保持和发展友谊，“你”应该怎么做；选项B.Todevelopatruefriendship,youshouldtreatyourfriendthewayyouareexpectedtobetreated(要发展一段真正的友谊，你应该以你希望被对待的方式对待你的朋友)描述“你”应该怎么做。故选B。【17题详解】根据下文“Youshouldhelpyourfriendswithproblem-solvingandrespecttheirdecisions.Goodfriendsarenotjudgmentalandattempttoofferadviceoncomplicatedlifeevents.(你应该帮助你的朋友解决问题，尊重他们的决定。好朋友不会妄加评判，会在复杂的生活事件上提供建议)”可知，本段主要说明在一段友谊中，在困难时刻对朋友给予支持很重要；选项E.Inafriendship,itisimportanttobesupportiveduringdifficulttimes.(在友谊中，在困难时期给予支持是很重要的)中的“supportiveduringdifficulttimes”与下文“helpyourfriendswithproblem-solving”以及“attempttoofferadviceoncomplicatedlifeevents”相呼应。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Thedevelopmentofhonestyandtrustinafriendshiphelpsthoseinvolvedfeelcomfortablewhentheycommunicatewitheachother.Mutual(相互的)honestybetweenfriendshelpsbuildasolidrelationshipandencouragesdirectness.Honestyalsoleadstotrust,whichisanotherimportantquality.(友谊中诚实和信任的发展有助于人们在彼此交流时感到舒适。朋友之间的相互诚实有助于建立牢固的关系并鼓励坦率。诚实也会带来信任，这是另一个重要的品质)”可知，诚实和信任在友谊中是重要的，朋友之间的相互诚实有助于建立牢固的关系，同时诚实也会带来信任。所以空格处应对上文作总结，讲述我们应该信任朋友；选项G.Youshouldbelieveinyourfriendandexpectthesameinreturn(你应该相信你的朋友，并期望得到同样的回报)中的“believein”承接上文中“trust”，并总结上文。故选G。【19题详解】根据下文“youcanaskquestions,maintaineyecontactandprovidefeedback(反馈)onthesubject.”以及空格后的标点符号可知，空格后的句子为主句，所以空格处应为状语从句，且表示条件；选项A.Ifyouwanttoshowthatyouarelistening(如果你想表示你在听)为if引导的条件状语从句，且句中“wanttoshowthatyouarelistening”衔接下文“canaskquestions,maintaineyecontactandprovidefeedback”。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Youshouldmakeyourfriendfeelacceptedbyincludinghimorherinactivitiesthatyoubothenjoy.(你应该让你的朋友感到被接受，让他或她参加你们都喜欢的活动)”可知，空格处应承接上文描述有共同兴趣和爱好的重要性；选项D.Sharingwhateveryouhaveincommoncangoalongwayinatruefriendship(无论你们有什么共同点，分享都可以帮助你们建立真正的友谊)中的“whateveryouhaveincommon”与上文“activitiesthatyoubothenjoy”相呼应。故选D。第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In1946,32-year-oldJohnGoodenoughheadedtotheUniversityofChicago.Whenhearrivedwithadreamofstudyingphysics,aprofessor___21___himthathewasalreadytoooldtosucceedinthe___22___Recently,Dr.Goodenough___23___methatstoryandthenlaughed.He___24___theprofessor’sadviceandat94,causedaheated___25___inthetechindustrywithhisstrongcreativity.Heandhisteam___26___apatent(专利)onanewkindofbattery.Ifit___27___aspromised,itwouldbesocheap,lightweightandsafethatitwould___28___electriccarsgreatlyandkickoffpetroleum-fueledvehicles.ThiswasnotthefirsttimeDr.Goodenoughhadbeen___29___discussed.In1980,atage57,heinventedthelithium-ionbattery(锂电池).In2019,hewas____30____theNobelPrizeforChemistry.WhenIaskedhimabouthislate-life____31____,hesaid,“Someofusareturtles;wecrawland____32____along,andwehaven’tmaybefigureditoutbythetimewe’re30.Buttheturtleshaveto____33____walking.”Dr.Goodenoughstartedinphysicsandgot____34____withchemistryandmaterialsscience,while____35____keepinghiseyeonthesocialandpoliticaltrends.“Youhavetodrawonafairamountofexperienceinordertobeabletoput____36____together,”hesaid,“I’mgratefulforthe____37____thathavebeenopenedtomeindifferentperiodsofmylife.Atjustthe____38____moment,whenIwaslookingforsomething,itwalkedinthedoor.”Wetendtoassumethatcreativity____39____withage.However,Dr.Goodenough’sstorysuggeststhatsomepeopleactuallybecomemore____40____astheygrowolder.21.A.disagreed B.taught C.commanded D.warned22.A.region B.field C.painting D.experiment23.A.responded B.read C.told D.bought24.A.affected B.valued C.ignored D.took25.A.discussion B.disagreement C.argument D.quarrel26.A.appliedfor B.gaveout C.cutdown D.gaveup27.A.transports B.founds C.proves D.works28.A.imagine B.view C.change D.rescue29.A.honestly B.widely C.peacefully D.suddenly30.A.elected B.charged C.inspected D.awarded31.A.success B.mistake C.jewel D.vote32.A.escape B.struggle C.forecast D.leave33.A.hate B.forget C.continue D.stop34.A.bored B.satisfied C.involved D.tired35.A.already B.only C.never D.also36.A.alarms B.ideas C.accidents D.disadvantages37.A.blocks B.doors C.museums D.hearts38.A.narrow B.holy C.secret D.right39.A.fades B.improves C.increases D.connects40.A.ambitious B.attractive C.creative D.famous【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.C25.A26.A27.D28.C29.B30.D31.A32.B33.C34.C35.D36.B37.B38.D39.A40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了古迪纳夫博士大器晚成的故事。通过这个故事告诉我们，有些人实际上会随着年龄的增长而变得更有创造力。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他怀着学习物理的梦想来到这里时，一位教授警告他，他已经太老了，不能在这个领域取得成功。A.disagreed不同意；B.taught教；C.commanded命令；D.warned警告。根据下文“thathewasalreadytoooldtosucceedinthe___2___.”可知，这是教授对他的警告。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他怀着学习物理的梦想来到这里时，一位教授警告他，他已经太老了，不能在这个领域取得成功。A.region地区；B.field领域；C.painting绘画；D.experiment实验。根据上文“Whenhearrivedwithadreamofstudyingphysics”可知，教授认为他无法在物理这个领域有所作为。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，古迪纳夫博士给我讲了这个故事，然后大笑起来。A.responded回应；B.read读；C.told告诉；D.bought买。根据空后的“thatstory”以及“thenlaughed”可知，博士给我讲了这个故事。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他无视教授的建议，以其强大的创造力在科技行业引发了热烈的讨论。A.affected影响；B.valued重视；C.ignored忽视；D.took接受。根据下文“In1980,atage57,heinventedthelithium-ionbattery(锂电池).In2019,hewas___10___theNobelPrizeforChemistry.(1980年，57岁的他发明了锂电池。2019年，他被授予诺贝尔化学奖)”可知，他在很多领域取得了成功。所以，他根本没有理会教授的建议。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他无视教授的建议，以其强大的创造力在科技行业引发了热烈的讨论。A.discussion讨论；B.disagreement分歧；C.argument争吵；D.quarrel吵架。根据下文“ThiswasnotthefirsttimeDr.Goodenoughhadbeen___9___discussed.(这不是古迪纳夫博士第一次被广泛讨论)”可知，他经常是人们讨论的焦点。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他和他的团队申请了一种新型电池的专利。A.appliedfor申请；B.gaveout分发；C.cutdown砍到；D.gaveup放弃。根据空后的“apatent(专利)onanewkindofbattery”可知，此处指申请专利。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它像承诺的那样有用，它将是如此便宜，轻便和安全，并极大地改变电动汽车，淘汰石油燃料汽车。A.transports运输；B.founds建立；C.proves证明；D.works起作用，有效。根据空后的“aspromised”以及“wouldbesocheap,lightweightandsafethatitwouldchangeelectriccarsgreatly”可知，此处指是像承诺的那样有用的话。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它像承诺那样有用，它将是如此便宜，轻便和安全，并极大地改变电动汽车，淘汰石油燃料汽车。A.imagine想象；B.view观看；C.change改变；D.rescue营救。根据空格后“electriccarsgreatlyandkickoffpetroleum-fueledvehicles”可知，此处指它将改变电动汽车，淘汰石油燃料汽车。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这不是古迪纳夫博士第一次被广泛讨论。A.honestly诚实地；B.widely广泛地；C.peacefully和平地；D.suddenly突然。根据上文“He___4___theprofessor’sadviceandat94,caused