四级六级卷模拟题十套

ModelTestPartDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedModelTestPartDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoofferyoursuggestionstoyourcousinwhosoughtyouradviceonhowtomakehisresumedistinctive.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore180PartSectionListening(25Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejust1.A)B)C)D)A)HecalledthepoliceaftertheHebrokehisarmintheHewascaughttakingHewasarrestedbytheQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)AcuretobrainAnewsurgicalApenthatcanidentifycancerousAnewdrugthatcaneliminatecancerousA)FindingtheborderbetweenthecancerousandnormalIdentifyingtheaccuracyrateofthenewImprovingtheirspeedofremovingaUsingthenewdeviceinbrainQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)TocollectscientificdataonitB)TomonitorthestormonA)Ithaslastedfornearly350C)ItseemstobegettingA)WhatinitiallycausedtheB)WhatisunderneaththeTotakephotosofthestormonToinvestigateitsB)Ithaslastedformorethat350D)ItseemstobegettingWhatistheimpactoftheWhatmakesthestormlastforsoDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions8to11areQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)It’sfordisabledIt’srewardingandA)TheskillstheyThemarkettheyA)DiversifymarketsandsalesLearnfromotherA)ThesalaryandtheTheofficehourandthepenaltyThewelfareandtheholidayB)It’sinasportsD)It’scompulsiveinherB)TheproductstheyD)ThelanguagetheyB)ReducecostsandD)ListentotheopinionsofD)TheethicalpolicyandthecarbonQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Double-deckerThetrafficinBusTravelsinA)IthasnoPeoplegetontoitattheIthastwoItisopenatthe14.A)B)C)D)A)BendybusescanhelpreducethetrafficBendybusesaremoreenvironmentallyBendybusesareconvenientforpeopleinBendybusesaremorepopularamongDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyhadfourTheywerenotasbigasTheylivedinSouthTheylivedinthickA)TheyhadlonglegsandalongTheyweresmallerandhadfrontTheybegantoeatgrassaswellasTheywerebiggerandhadlongA)TheyevolvedintodonkeysinAsiaandTheyusedtheirlonglegstorunsouthtoSouthTheybegantoeatapplesontheNorthAmericanTheypreferredgrasstofruitandQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)BeingrejectedbyfriendsandStayingawayfromhisnativeAdaptingtonewstudyKeepingabalancebetweenstudyandA)TalkingwitholderbrothersorB)AdaptingtonewstudyKeepingabalancebetweenstudyandA)TalkingwitholderbrothersorB)HavingacasualtalkwithacollegeA)FollowtraditionsofwithacollegeStartingaconversationwithclosePlayingwithfriendsonthesamesportsC)RespectthecustomsofdifferentB)TakepartinasmanyactivitiesasD)Takeothers’adviceasreferenceQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust TheytendtoharmB)TheyarehardlyA)ItisC)ItisveryTheyarethrownawayTheyaremadefromuselessB)ItisD)ItisA)TheseacreaturesthathavetakeninthenareconsumedbyTheocean’secologyhasbeenpollutedandaffectedHumanseattheseabirdsthathaveswallowedplasticHumansconsumethefishthathaveeatenseacreatureswith25.A)ItsusehasbeendrasticallyB)ItisstillanindispensableMostproductsusenaturalTheuseofplasticitemswillbeReading(40minutesPartSectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingAthirdoftheplanet’slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear,accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture,Thealarming26,whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases,willasstotherisksofconflictsunless27actionsareimplemented,warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport.“Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows,competitionis28forlandwithincountriesandglobally,”saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoDesertification(UNCCD)atthelaunchoftheGlobalLandOutlook.“To29thelosses,theoutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition.”TheGlobalLandOutlookis30asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype,mappingtheinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization,climatechange,erosionandforestloss.Butthebiggestfactoristhe31ofindustrialfarming.Heavytilling,multipleharvestsans32useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe33oflong-termsustainability.Ifthepast20years,agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled,notesapaperintheoutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime,however,this34fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TakeNapsatWork.ApologizetoNoInthepasttwoweeksI’vetakenthreenapsatwork,atotalofanhourorsoofshut-eyewhileontheclock.AndIhavenoshameoruncertaintyaboutdoingit.Icouldn’tfeelbetteraboutit,andmyproductivityreflectsit,Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe’retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails,surelyitmustmeanthey’reslackingoff(偷懒).Orsotheassumptiongoes.RestfulnessandrechargingcantakeabackseattotheperceptionandappearanceofproductivityIt’seasiertostayonavirtualhamster仓鼠wheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemailthanitistomeasureaggregateproductivityoveragreaterperiodoftime.Butagrowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday,saidJoshBersin,PrincipalandFounderofBersinbyDeloitte.“They’rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem,andtheycan’tjustsaytopeople,‘Here’sawork-lifebalancecourse,goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,’”Mr.Bersinsaid.“It’swaymorecomplicatedthanthat.”Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringInanidealworld,we’dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight’ssleep.Here’sourguideonhowtodojustthat.Butthenextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou’redraggingafterlunch.InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest,butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance,andthosewhotooka60-minutenapevenreversedit.“Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaqualityofnap.”saidSaraMednick,aco-authorofthestudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Dr.Mednick,asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife,saiddaytimenappingcanhavemanyofthebenefitsofovernightsleep,anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.Forexample,Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-minutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It’sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep,ornon-rapideyemovement(R.E.M.)sleep.After60minutes,youstartgettingintoR.E.M.sleep,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,stateweallenjoyatnightR.E.M.sleepcanimprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighly I) J) K) L) M) N) O)thinkingthinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.Anynap,however,canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday,expertssaid.Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied(紧密相连)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,”Mr.Bersinsaid.“Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe’lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey’vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem,anditisaffectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings.”Itisn’tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta(午睡).A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedattheatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.“They’reactiveinthemorning,thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime,butthey’renotgenerallynapping,”saidJeromeSiegel,professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences,anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy.“Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep,andtheysleepthroughthenight.”Still,Mr.Siegelsaid,“theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight’ssleep.”TherealHolyGrailofrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight,whichexpertssayisoptimal.“Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,”Mr.Siegelsaid.“Butit’snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning,evenifyoucan’tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight,Thishelpsacclimate使适应yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime,regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.Soifyou’vemadeitthisfarandyou’reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here’saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon’tbeTrytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp.too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou’relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia睡眠惰性)，whichwillleaveyouevengroggier(头脑昏沉的)thanbefore.Participants’perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentestsinanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousnightcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.Ourtalentiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.TakinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedinBetween20to60minutes,peoplecangetintonon-REMsleepwhichmayimprovememoryandlearningabilityaccordingtoDr.Mednick.Peoplecandozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovedproductivityandalertnesswhenbossesinvestigatedtheirwhereabouts.Theauthor’stipsontakingaperfectnapinvolvesleepingplace,environmentandTheTheauthorbelievesbusinessleadersareawarethatavailabilityatanytimeduetotechnologyhasnegativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople’slife.TheoptimallengthofanapwasanhourandahalfsothatpeoplecouldgothroughacompletesleepJoshBersinmentionedthecauseofcompanies’bigproductivityproblemsandthesolutionwhichneedsmorethatjustemployees’efforts.Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingEveryofficeworkerhatesmeetings.Butit’sastrangesortofhate,similartothehatredofLondonersfortheNorthernLine,orNewYorkersfortouristswhowalktooslowly:thedislikeisreal,yetifthedespisedthingweretovanish,it’dbelikesurrenderingapieceofyoursoul.Whenresearchersprobedintowhypeopleputupwiththestrainthatmeetingsplaceontheirtimeandsanity,theyfoundsomething-thosewhoresentanddreadmeetingsthemoatalsodefendthemasa“necessaryevil”,sometimeswithgreatpassion.True,researchsuggeststhatmeetingstakeupvastlymoreoftheaveragemanager’stimethantheyusedto.True,donebadly,they’reassociatedwithlowerlevelsofinnovationandemployeewellbeing(幸福).Butthat’sjustofficelife,right?It’snotsupposedtobefun.That’swhytheycallitwork.Underlying(引起)thisattitudeisanassumptionthat’sdrummedintousnotjustasworkersbutasparentsandromanticpartners;thatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing.Sosuggestionsaboundfor(大量存在)communicatingbetterinmeetings-forexample,holdthemstandingup,sospeakerswillcometothepointmorequickly.Butevenwhensomecompaniesconsiderabolishingmeetingsentirely,theprinciplethatmorecommunicationisbetterisn’tquestioned.Ifanything,it’sreinforcedwhensuchfirmsintroduce“flat”managementstructures,withbossesalwaysavailabletoeveryone,plusplentyofelectronicdistraction.Infact,constantconnectivityisdisastrousforbothjobsatisfactionandthebottomline.Andanyway,onceyougiveitthreeseconds’thought,isn’titcleatthatmorecommunicationfrequentlyisn’tagoodthing?Often,thedifferencebetweenasuccessfulmarriageandasecond-rateoneconsistsofleavingaboutthreeorfourthingsadayunsaid.Atwork,it’ssurelymanymorethanfour,thoughforadifferentreason;officecommunicationcomesatthecostofpreciselythekindoffocusthat’sessentialtogoodwork.Yetwe’resoaccustomedtoseeingtalkingasasourceofsolutions-forresolvingconflictsorfindingnewideas-thatit’shardtoseewhenitistheproblem.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeetings?A)LondonershatethemaswellastheNorthernLine.Theycanhelptokeepworkers’physicalandspiritualWorkersmightbereluctanttogiveupthemNewYorkersdislikemeetingsmorethanWhatdidresearchersfindaboutpeople’sattitudetowardsA.TheirattitudeandbehaviorarePeoplewhohatemeetingsthemostareseniorThosewholikemeetingsmightbeconsideredMoremeetingsareregardedasasignoflessWhydopeoplethinkthatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodBecausetheconceptisfirmlybelievedbyBecauseeveryonelovestocommunicatewithBecausetheideahasbeeninstilledintopeople’sD)BecauseD)BecausecommunicationisvitalforbuildingWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthe“flat”managementItforcesbossestofrequentlycontacttheirIthelpstosoftenemployees’bottomlineofItisdefinitelyadisastertoemployees’jobItstrengthenspeople’sdeeply-rootednotionofWhatistheauthor’sargumentaboutofficeItisaneffectivewaytosolveofficeItaffectsworkefficiencyinanegativeItshouldcometoahaltatItisusefulforworkerstofindnewPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingTheInternethasenabledthespreadofinformationatlightningspeed.Thisinformationrevolutionhascreatedtremendousbusinessopportunitiesforonlinepublishers,butnotallofthemmaintainproperquality-controlmechanismstoensurethatonlygoodinformationisbeingshared.Instead,manypublishersaimsimplytomakemoneybywhatevermeanspossible,withnoregardfortheimplicationsforsocietyatlarge.Whenselfishpublisherssetupshopsonline,theprimarygoalistopublishasmuchaspossible,oftenatthecostofquality.Inthisrespect,manypublishersstartnumerousonlinejournalsfocusedonoverlapping(重叠的)disciplines—toincreasetheirtotalnumberofpublishedpapers—andhireyoungbusinessmanagerswhodonothaveanyexperienceineitherscienceorpublishing.Insomecasesonlinepublishersevengiveuppeerreview,whilestillpresentingthemselvesasscientificjournals—deceptiondesignedtotakeadvantageofscientistswhosimplywanttosharetheirresearch.Ifpublishersstructuretheirbusinesstomakemorerevenue,itoftendoesharmtotheirproducts.Whenpublishersstartjournalswithoverlappingdomains,incombinationwiththepressuretopublishmorestudies,thiscouldpromotethepublicationofmarginalorevenquestionablearticles.Moreover,publisherswithmultipleoverlappingjournalsandjournalswithverynarrowspecialties(专业)increasethedemandsonthetimeandeffortsofwillingreviewers.Withthefactthatreviewersaregenerallynotcompensatedfortheirtimeandeffortjournaleditorsareoftenunabletofindenoughreviewerstokeepupwit