军队文职人员招聘英语言文学(习题卷2)

试卷科目：军队文职人员招聘英语言文学军队文职人员招聘英语言文学(习题卷2)PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber/SECTIONPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages军队文职人员招聘英语言文学第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。[单选题]1.Theroomsdestinedforthe_____offoreignvisitorshavebeenarrangedonthesecondflooroftheguesthouse.A)recipeB)welcomeC)admissionD)reception答案:D解析:reception接待，招待会。recipe食谱，处方。welcome欢迎。admission许可，许可进入之人或物。[单选题]2.Americansdonotfeelthatblind_____andimplicitsubmissiontothewillofanotherisnecessaryinordertomaintaingoodgovernment.A)preferenceB)conformityC)confrontationD)obedience答案:D解析:句意：美国人并不认为盲目服从和绝对顺服别人的意志对于维护好的政体是必要的。obedience服从。preference优先选择。conformity遵守，符合。confrontation面对。[单选题]3.Themerefactthatweareonaone-to-onebasisfor3hourseachday,fourdaysaweekfor8weeks,meansthat_____thelessonsareveryintensive.A)unconditionallyB)unbearablyC)unapproachablyD)unavoidably答案:D解析:unavoidably不得已地，无可奈何地。unconditionally无条件地。unbearably无法忍受地。unapproachably无法接近地。[单选题]4.TheimpactofDarwin?sevolutionarytheoryontheAmericanthoughtandtheinfluenceofthenineteenth-centuryFrenchliteratureontheAmericanmenoflettersgaverisetoyetanotherschoolofrealism:American_____.A)localcolorismB)vernacularismC)modernismD)naturalism答案:D解析:美国自然主义作家是在对美国现实生活的文学阐释中发现了达尔文主义的正确性。故选D。[单选题]5.Idonotthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A)thisB)thatC)itsD)it答案:D解析:句意：我认为不做记忆性的工作，要想学好一门语言是不可能的。think+it+adj.（possible），认为做某事是可能的。[单选题]6.He_____unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.A)mayhaveactedB)musthaveactedC)shouldnotactD)wouldnotact答案:A解析:句意：尽管他的行为不够明智，但至少他在努力做一些有益的事情。may用于从句中表示让步，不管，不论；尽管。musthaveacted用在此处语气不正确。由从句可知，事件发生在过去，故C项D项不可选，前后时态搭配不一致。[单选题]7._____thefaceoftheseriousdropinsales,thesalesmanagerpasseditwithashrug,sayingthatitwasnothingbutaseasonaldecline.A)AgainstB)WithC)OnD)In答案:D解析:句意：面对销量急剧下降的情况，销售部经理只是耸耸肩，说这没有什么，只是季节性衰退。in（the）faceof面对。[单选题]8.Thesecurityofacountryis()relatedtothesafetyoftherestworld.A)merelyB)closeC)mereD)closely答案:D解析:考查副词辨析。一个国家的安全与其他国家的安全密切相关。[单选题]9.Communicationistheprocessof_____amessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.A)transmittingB)transformingC)submittingD)switching答案:A解析:句意：交流是通过一种渠道把信息从来源处传送出去的过程。transmit传送。transform改变。submit提交。switch转换。[单选题]10.Whichofthefollowingphrasesisanexampleofanendocentricconstruction？A)OntheshelfB)Beyondthewords.C)Anoldman.D)Withoutthinking.答案:C解析:语言学概念的实例分析。询问哪一个短语是endocentricconstruction(向心结构)的范例[单选题]11.Inthisbook,thewriter_____thekingasacruelmanwhomhispeoplehateddeeply.A)pretendsB)portraysC)worshipsD)ventures答案:B解析:portray描绘。pretend假装。worship崇拜。venture大胆表示，冒险。[单选题]12.TherescueplanrecentlyapprovedbytheAmericangovernmentofthecurrentAmericanfinancialstormremindsusoftheEmergencyBankingActpresentedbyPresidentRooseveltinhis_____.A)AmendmentV.B)BillofRightsC)MarshallPlanD)NewDeal答案:D解析:1933年，为了解决经济大萧条的问题，美国总统罗斯福实施了一系列政策措施，史称新政（NewDeal）；其中他要求国会于3月9日举行特别会议审议《紧急银行法》（theEmergencyBankingAct），该法于当天迅速通过；新政并没有结束大萧条，但有效地是经济状况得到了改善。[单选题]13.StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedas?solitary?and?individualtheorists?wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement-utopiansocialism-whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatcachinnatedinthefirstwomen?srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup?scontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwoaccounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents?energy;hence,byignoringitsfeminism,EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtoSaint-Simonianism,Europeanhistorians?appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simon?sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnratedStatesas?solitary?tobe_____.A)insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthoughtB)overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848C)notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscopeD)insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconference答案:A解析:由文章第一段第三句?theyfailedto…developmentoffeminism.?，可知，美国的女权运动事实上并不是独立的，而是与当时欧洲的意识形态相关联的。因此，A选项中说这些历史学家对美国女权主义的国际起源不了解，正确。B选项中说过于关心也属于无关选项。C选项中说不能够细致到地理差异上的问题，正好与原文表达的意思相反。D选项是没有足够地意识到SenecaFallsConference对女权主义意识形态上的影响，而这次会议是美国女权运动的一部分，而不属于欧洲意识形态变化的运动，因此错误。[单选题]14.Althoughtheteacherhasexplainedtous，themeaningofthearticleisstill()tome.A)faintB)obscureC)ambiguousD)vague答案:C解析:考查形容词辨析。虽然老师已经向我们解释过了，但这篇文章的意思对我来说仍然模糊不清。[单选题]15.Asthepopulationincreasesandhumanneedsexpand,wemusttakecarenotto_____allofournaturalresourcesatonce.A)eraseB)maximizeC)exhaustD)minimize答案:C解析:exhaust用尽，耗尽。erase除去。maximize使……达到最大。minimize将……减到最少。[单选题]16.ThepolicesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismand().A)governmentinterventionB)nationalizationofenterprisesC)socialreformD)abeliefinindividualism答案:D解析:考查英国政党。保守党反对过多的政府干预，支持国有企业私有化和自由企业，信奉实用主，义和个人主义。[单选题]17.Theresistanceexperiencedwhenonebodymovesoveranother,_____itisincontact,iscalledfrictionalforce.A)towhichB)whereC)withwhichD)while答案:C解析:句意：当一个物体在和它接触的物体上运动时，产生的阻力叫做摩擦力。incontactwith与…联系，接触。此处，which引导定语从句，修饰another，从句中的it指onebody。[单选题]18.Whichoneisnotinthesamecategorywithotherthreeitems？()A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:考查语音学。A、B、D三项均为摩擦音(fricative)，C项为爆破音(plosive)。[单选题]19.Hisfidelitytowhathebelievespeopleneedtohearremainedadamantandunwavering;andpeoplesay,He'llgo_____inhistoryasthegreatestofourmodernPopes.A)downB)upC)brokeD)far答案:A解析:句意：他忠实于人们需要听到的真理，并且坚强而不动摇，因此人们说，他将作为现代最伟大的教皇载入史册。godowninhistory永载史册。goup上升，向上游行驶。gobroke一文不名，破产。gofar走得远，成功。[单选题]20._____thebabykingwasmurderedbyhisuncleamonthafterhisfather'sprematuredeath.A)LuckilyB)TragicallyC)SensiblyD)Ludicrously答案:B解析:tragically不幸地。luckily幸运地。sensibly敏感地。ludicrously滑稽地，荒唐地。[单选题]21._____isthelongestriverinCanada.A)TheMurrayRiverB)TheMackenzieRiverC)TheSt.LawrenceD)TheCluthaRiver答案:B解析:本题考查加拿大地理概况。马更些河（theMackenzieRiver）是加拿大最长的河流，流经加拿大地盾（CanadianShield）与西部落基山脉（theRockyMountains）之间，全长1600公里。墨累河（TheMurrayRiver）是澳大利亚最长、最大的河流，发源于澳大利亚东南部的大分水岭，注入印度洋的大澳大利亚湾。圣劳伦斯河（TheSaintLawranceRiver）是北美洲东部大河，五大湖的出水道，它的上源是圣路易斯河，在美国的明尼苏达州，下游在加拿大的东陲，以卡伯特海峡为河口，注入大西洋的圣劳伦斯湾，是地理上、经济上具有重要意义的巨大水道系统。克鲁萨河（TheCluthaRiver）是新西兰流水量最大的河，也是第二长河，新西兰南岛最长河流，源出南阿尔卑斯山。故应选B项。[单选题]22.Whatyou?vetoldmeofyourplansoundsmostinteresting;wouldyoucareto_____onit?A)elaborateB)explainC)stressD)interrupt答案:A解析:elaborateon详细阐述。explain解释，说明。stress强调，着重。interrupt打断。[单选题]23.A()isnotasound，itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A)phonemeB)phoneC)soundD)speech答案:A解析:考查语音学。音素不是声音，音素是根据语音的自然属性划分出来的最小语音单位，是具有特定含义的语音特征的集合。[单选题]24.OurgovernmenthasinvestedtheForeignMinister_____allthenecessarypowerstoresolvethedispute.A)ofB)onC)inD)with答案:D解析:investwith赋予，授予。[单选题]25.Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Keaseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Keasey?sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightinclude?public?duty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdaleandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor?sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty:fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto?BonniewrecksArm?spretendhouse?dependingonwhetherBonniedidit?sosomebodywon?tfalloverit?orbecauseBonniewanted?tomakeAnnfeelbad?.Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified;theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamong-actsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.Accordingtothepassage,Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredwhichofthefollowingabilities?A)DifferentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharmB)IdentifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulactionC)JustifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocationD)Evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthe-breakingofrules答案:A解析:由上文couldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable…andunforeseeableharm可知，7个月后，儿童会有辨别可预知和不可预知伤害行为的能力。[单选题]26.WhyaresomanypartymemberselectedtoParliamentineachElectioninBritain?A)Becausepartymembersusuallyenjoybetterreputation.B)Becausepartymembershavemoreexperienceinformingagovernment.C)Becausepartymembershavethebackingofnationwideorganizations.D)Becausepeopletrustpartymemberstoagreaterdegree.答案:D解析:英国大选是指英国选举最高立法机构英国国会议员的选举；英国实行两党制，在国会议员中占多数的党的领袖成为首相。选举候选人大部分是某政党的成员，大多数英国选民根据候选人的党派，而不是其个人品质或主张来投票选择。[单选题]27.Thereissubstantialevidencethatby1926,withthepublicationofTheWearyBlues,LangstonHugheshadbrokenwithtwowell-establishedtraditionsinAfricanAmericanliterature.InTheWearyBlues,HugheschosetomodifythetraditionsthatdecreedthatAfricanAmericanliteraturemustpromoteracialacceptanceandintegration,andthat,inordertodoso,itmustreflectanunderstandingandmasteryofWesternEuropeanliterarytechniquesandstyles.Necessarilyexcludedbythisdecree,linguisticallyandthematically,wasthevastamountofsecularfolkmaterialintheoraltraditionthathadbeencreatedbyBlackpeopleintheyearsofslaveryandafter.Itmightbepointedoutthateventhespiritualsor?sorrowsongs?oftheslaves-asdistinctfromtheirsecularsongsandstories-hadbeenEuropeanizedtomakethemacceptablewithintheseAfricanAmericantraditionsaftertheCivilWar.In1862northernWhitewritershadcommentedfavorablyontheuniqueandprovocativemelodiesofthese?sorrowsongs?whentheyfirstheardthemsungbyslavesintheCarolinaseaislands.Butby1916,tenyearsbeforethepublicationofTheWearyBlues,HurryT.Burleigh,theBlackbaritonesoloistatNewYork?sultrafashionableSaintGeorge?sEpiscopalChurch,hadpublishedJubileeSongsoftheUnitedStates,witheveryspiritualarrangedsothataconcertsingercouldsingit?inthemannerofanartsong.?Clearly,theartisticworkofBlackpeoplecouldbeusedtopromoteracialacceptanceandintegrationonlyontheconditionthatitbecameEuropeanized.EvenmorethanhisrebellionagainstthisrestrictivetraditioninAfricanAmericanart,Hughes?sexpressionofthevibrantfolkcultureofBlackpeopleestablishedhiswritingasalandmarkinthehistoryofAfricanAmericanliterature.Mostofhisfolkpoemshavethedistinctivemarksofthisfolkculture?soraltradition:theycontainmanyinstancesofnamingandenumeration,considerablehyperboleandunderstatement,andastronginfusionofstreet-talkrhyming.Thereisadeceptiveveilofartlessnessinthesepoems.Hughespridedhimselfonbeinganimpromptuandimpressionisticwriterofpoetry.His,heinsisted,wasnotanartfullyconstructedpoetry.Yetananalysisofhisdramaticmonologuesandotherpoemsrevealsthathispoetrywascarefullyandartfullycrafted.Inhisfolkpoetrywefindfeaturescommontoallfolkliterature,suchasdramaticellipsis,narrativecompression,rhythmicrepetition,andmonosyllabicemphasis.Thepeculiarmixtureofironyandhumorwefindinhiswritingisadistinguishingfeatureofhisfolkpoetry.Together,theseaspects,ofHughes?swritinghelpedtomodifythepreviousrestrictionsonthetechniquesandsubjectmatterofBlackwritersandconsequentlytobroadenthelinguisticandthematicrangeofAfricanAmericanliterature.ThepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatementsabouttherequirementthatBlackwritersemployWesternEuropeanliterarytechniques?A)Therequirementwasimposedmoreforsocialthanforaestheticreasons.B)TherequirementwasarelativelyunimportantaspectoftheAfricanAmericantradition.C)TherequirementwasthechiefreasonforHughes?ssuccessasawriter.D)Therequirementwasappropriatedforsomeformsofexpressionbutnotforothers.答案:A解析:从第一段中?…modifythetraditionsthatdecreedthatAfricanAmericanliteraturemustpromoteracialacceptanceandintegration,andthat,inordertodoso,itmustreflectanunderstandingandmasteryofWesternEuropeanliterarytechniquesandstyles.?可知，黑人作家写作时必须使用西方的文学技巧，完全是为了种族接纳和融合的原因，是社会而非美学的因素。[单选题]28.Acloserobserverofthesmallscreenoncecalledita?vastwastelandofviolence,sadismandmurder,privateeyes,gangstersandmoreviolence-andcartoons.?ThatishowNewtonMinow,aUStelevisionregulator,describeditin1961.Sincethantelevisionlanguagehasbecomemorecolourful,violencemoreexplicitandsexmoreprevalent.?LadyChatterley?sLoverhasmovedfromthebannedbookshelftoaclassicBBCserial.Concernoversuchchangingstandardshasshapedourviewoftelevision-andmaskeditsbroaderinfluenceindevelopingcountries.Toillustrateitseffects,KennycitesthecaseofBrazil.Whentelevisiontherebegantoshowasteadydietoflocalsoapsinthe1970s,Brazilianwomentypicallyhadfiveormorechildrenandweretrappedinpoverty.Asthepopularityofthesoapsgrew,birthratesfellAccordingtoresearchers,72%oftheleadingfemalecharactersinthemainsoapshadnochildrenandonly7%hadmorethanone.Onestudycalculatedthatsuchsoapshadthesameeffectonfertilityratesaskeepinggirlsinschoolforfiveyearsmorethannormal.Itisnotjustbirthratesthatareaffected.Kennynotes:?KidswhowatchTVoutofschool,accordingtoaWorldBanksurveyofyoungpeopleintheshantytownsofFortalezainBrazil,areconsiderablylesslikelytoconsumedrugs.?TelevisionappearstohavemorepowertoreduceyouthdrugusethanthestricturesofaneducatedmotherandBraziliansoapspresentingeducatedurbanwomanrunningtheirownbusinessesarethoughttobecompellingrolemodels.Televisioncanalsoimprovehealth,InGhanaasoapoperalinethatwarnedmotherstheywerefeedingtheirchildren?morethanjustrice?iftheydidnotwashtheirhandsafterdefecatingwasfollowedbyaseeminglypermanentimprovementinpersonalhygiene.Whydosuchchangeshappen?Simple,saysKenny:soapoperas,whetherlocalversionsofUglyBettyorvintageimportsofBaywatch,openupnewhorizons.?Somehourscouldhebetterspoutplantingtrees,helpingoldladiesacrosstheroadorplayingcricket,?hesaid.?ButwatchingTVexposespeopletonewideasanddifferentpeople.Withthatwillcomegreateropportunity,growingequalityandabetterunderstandingoftheworld.Notbad.?Whatisthemeaningof?mask?inthethirdparagraph?A)suggestB)coverC)discoverD)reveal答案:B解析:mask是?掩盖，掩饰?的意思。第三段意思为：这种变化的标准影响了人们对电视的看法，而且掩盖了其对于发展中国家的更广泛的影响。[单选题]29.Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentoflaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orindependentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulatedit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn?ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimethanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho_____.A)longfordeeperunderstandingofscienceB)aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsC)workinastorehouseofdriedfactsD)areinterestedinpopularscience答案:A解析:第二段首句就点出了这本书的对象是对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉；一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人；把科学视为某种魔术的人。这说明主要为选项A中描述的人所写，对科学了解不多而又希望有更深了解的人。[单选题]30.Consequently,hisballoonwasdamagedandhewasforcedtoendhistrip.A)wasn?tanticipatingB)wouldn?tanticipateC)hadanticipatednotD)hadnotanticipated答案:D解析:句意：当SteveFossett第一次尝试独自乘热气球环球旅行的时候，他没有料想到会在阿根廷上空遭遇到10天的暴风雨，致使他的热气球受损被迫放弃飞行。hadnotanticipated为过去完成时，含义为?没有料想到?，表示在主句发生的动作之前。[单选题]31.Fortheexecutiveproducerofanetworknightlynewsprogramme,theworkdayoftenbeginsatmidnightasminedidduringsevenyearswithABC?seveningnewscast.Thefirstorderofbusinesswasacalltotheassignmentdeskforapre-bedtime?rundownoflatestdevelopments.Theassignmentdeskoperates24hoursaday,staffedbyeditorswhomovecrews,correspondentsandequipmenttothesceneofevents.Assignment-deskeditorsatelogisticsexperts;theyhavetoknowplaneschedules,satelliteavailability,andwhomtogetintouchwithatlocalstationsandoverseasbroadcastingsystems.Theyarerequiredtoassessstoriesastheybreakonthewireservices-sometimesevenbeforetheydo-andtodecidehowmuchefforttomaketocoverthosestories.WhentheUnitedStateswasgoingtoappealtoarmsagainstIraq,thenumberofcorrespondentsandcrewswasconstantlyevaluated.BasedonreportsfromthefieldandalsoupontheskilledjudgmentsofdeskeditorsinNewYorkCity,therightnumberofpersonnelwaskeptonthealert.Therestwereallowedtocontinueworkingthroughouttheworld,inAmericaandIraqreadytomovebutnottieddownbyfalsealarms.ThestudiostaffofABC?s?WorldNewsTonight?assemblesat9a.m.toprepareforthe6:30?air?p.m.deadline.Overnightdispatchesfromoutlyingbureausandpressservicesareread.Therearephoneconversationswiththebroadcast?sstaffproducersindomesticbureausandwiththeLondonbureauseniorproducer,whocoordinatesoverseascoverage.Apatternemergesfortheday?snews,apatternoutlinedintheexecutiveproducer?sfirstlineup.Thelineuptellsthestaffwhatstoriesarescheduled;whattheprioritiesareforprocessingfilmofeditingtape;whatscriptsneedtobewritten;whatcommercialsatescheduled;howlongstoriesshouldrunandinwhatorder.Withoutalineup,therewouldbechaos.Eachstory?srelativevalueindollarsandcentsmustbecontinuallyassessedbytheexecutiveproducer.Cuttingbacksatellitebookingtosavemoneymightmeanthatanexplanationdeliveredbyananchorpersonwillreplaceactualphotosofanevent.Adeclineinlivecoveragecouldsendviewersawayanddriveratingsdown,butthereisnotenoughmoneytodoeverything.Sodecisionsmustbemadeandmaderapidly-becausedelaycanmeanamissedconnectionforshippingtapeoraccesstoasatelliteblockedbyacompetitor.Thebroadcaststhemselvesrequirepacingandstyle.Theaudiencehastobeallowedtobreathebetweenperiodsofintenseexcitement.Avividpictorialreportfollowedbylessexactingmaterialsallowstheviewertoreflectoninformationthathasjustflashedby.Frequentswitchesfromoneanchortoanotherorfromonefilmortapereporttoanothercreateasenseofforwardmovement.Ideally,leadingandlagstostoriesareworkedoutwithfieldcorrespondents,enablingthemtofittheirreportsintotheprogramme?snarrativeflowsotheaudience?sattentiondoesnotwanderandmoresubstanceisabsorbed.Scriptsareconstantlyrewrittentoblendwellwithincomingpictures.Goodcopyiscrisp,informative.Ourrule:thefewerwordsthebetter.Ifapicturecandothework,letit.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A)Waystocutdownthecostofthecoverage,B)Howtomakethereportmoreattractive.C)Todescribetheworkoftheexecutiveproducer.D)Tointroducethestyleandfeaturesofthenewsprogramme.答案:C解析:第一段第一句提到?监制人的工作从半夜就要开始?，然后下文又具体介绍了监制人的职责，所以文章主要是描述了监制人的工作情况，选C。[单选题]32.Theapartmentisconvenientlylocatedneartherailwaystation,_____therentisquitereasonable.A)moreoverB)consequentlyC)howeverD)unimaginably答案:B解析:consequently因而。moreover此外。however然而。unimaginably无法想象地，不可思议地。[单选题]33.Asmoke_____systemprovidesfamilieswithearlywarningoffire.A)collectionB)repressionC)detectionD)resonance答案:C解析:detection检测。collection采集。repression抑制。resonance回声，共鸣。[单选题]34.Tolearnhowtoletgoisnotaneasylessontolearn,_____whenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocommand,thatwhat