2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(417-418)讲义 高考英语一轮复习

长难句翻译Ofcourse,LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet,theworldwidesystemthatenablesustocommunicateinstantlywithanyoneinanypartoftheworldbyusingcomputerslinkedtotelephonenetworksNorcouldhehaveforeseenhowwecouldusetheInternettoobtaininformationoneveryknownsubject,sowecanreaditonascreeninourhomesandevenprintitaswellifwewantto.长难句翻译解析Ofcourse,LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet,theworldwidesystemthatenablesustocommunicateinstantlywithanyoneinanypartoftheworldbyusingcomputerslinkedtotelephonenetworks【语法详析】本句的主干为LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet。1.theworldwidesystem作internet的同位语；2.thatenablesustocommunicateinstantlywithanyone…作system的定语从句；3.linkedtotelephonenetworks作computers的定语。【词汇精讲】foresee/fəˈsiː/v.预见【名】foresight【记忆】fore-预先+see看→预先看到还未发生的事→预料,预见→foreseevt.预见,预知instantly/ˈɪn.stənt.li/adv.立即【同】immediately【连】theinstant一…就…【记忆】in向内;进入+stant站,立→站进来→紧急的Idon’tforeseeanydifficultiessolongaswekeepwithinbudget.只要我们不超出预算，我看不出会有什么困难。TheEiffelTowerinParisisaninstantlyrecognizablelandmark.巴黎艾菲尔铁塔是一个能一眼就认出的地标建筑。I’llcallyoutheinstant(=assoonas)Igethome.我一到家就给你打电话。【参考译文】当然，莱昂·巴格瑞特不可能预测到互联网的发展，这个通过使用与电话网络连接的电脑让我们与世界任何地区的任何人交流的世界系统。NorcouldhehaveforeseenhowwecouldusetheInternettoobtaininformationoneveryknownsubject,sowecanreaditonascreeninourhomesandevenprintitaswellifwewantto.【语法详析】本句的主干为so引导的并列句。1.norcouldhehaveforeseen…为部分倒装结构；2.howwecouldusetheInternet…作foreseen的宾语从句；3.ifwewantto为条件状语从句。【词汇精讲】subject/ˈsʌb.dʒekt/n.主题，科目，研究对象v.使臣服adj.受…支配，取决于【组】besubject(ed)to受制于【形】subjective主观的【记忆】subject:sub-,在下，-ject,投掷，扔，词源同project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申词义被制服，被控制，国民，臣民。Shehasmadeaseriesofdocumentariesonthesubjectoffamilyrelationships.她拍摄了一系列以家庭关系为题材的纪录片。Theinvadersquicklysubjectedthelocaltribes.入侵者很快就征服了当地的部落。Flightsaresubjecttodelaybecauseofthefog.由于有雾，航班可能延误。WeplantogoonWednesday,subjecttoyourapproval.如果你同意，我们打算周三走。【参考译文】他也不可能遇见我们如何使用互联网获取关于每个已知话题的信息，因此我们可以在家里的屏幕上阅读，如果我们想的话，甚至还可以把它打印出来。长难句拓展1.Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbecomparedtointelligenceinanimals.①小词典consciousness/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/【词源】conscious:con大家，scious音似“舍死（sciou-s）”。为了祖国，大家应该有舍死的意识。n.知觉，清醒；思想，意识；（群体的）观念体系；感知，察觉neurobiology/ˌnjʊərəʊˌbaɪˈɒlədʒi/n.神经生物学Whatisknownregardingthedevelopmentalneurobiologyofopioidsystems?请描述阿片系统的发育神经生物学进展(胎儿).②句子分析：本句的句子主干是Theideafirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotion。thatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousness和thatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbecomparedtointelligenceinanimals为同位语从句，分别修饰Theidea和thenotion。③参考译文：植物具有一定意识的观点最初形成于21世纪早期；“植物神经生物学”一词是围绕植物行为在某些方面可以与动物的智力相提并论这一概念而创造的。2.Beginningin2006,somescientistshavearguedthatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz.①小词典：interact/ˌɪntərˈækt/v.相互交流，互动；相互作用，相互影响【记忆】inter表示：相互的、互相的。act表示：作为、动作。综上所述，inter+act→相互作为，引申为：往来、交往等。Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。hormone/ˈhɔːməʊn/n.激素，荷尔蒙；人造激素；性激素（hormones）【记】发音想成“荷尔蒙”Whygrowthhormonetherapyisefficientinheartfailure?为什么生长激素能够有效地治疗心衰?neurotransmitter/ˈnjʊərəʊtrænzmɪtə(r)/n.[生理]神经递质；[生理]神经传递素Neurotransmitterreleaseduringsynaptictransmissionismediatedbypresynapticactivezone.在突触前,神经递质释放是由活动区结构所介导的.analogous/əˈnæləɡəs/adj.相似的，类似的；（器官）同功的【记忆】ana-表示”错误,在旁边,分开”analogy类比,类似(ana+logy讲话=再旁边讲=讲一样的东西=类似)Sleephasoftenbeenthoughtofasbeinginsomewayanalogoustodeath.人们常常认为睡眠在某种意义上来说类似死亡。②句子分析：本句的主干是somescientistshavearguedthat，that引导宾语从句。Beginningin2006为现在分词短语做时间状语，其逻辑主语为somescientists;thatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词neuron-likecells;forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”为现在分词做结果状语，其逻辑主语为neuron-likecells;saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz为插入语。③参考译文：自2006年以来，一些科学家认为，植物有类似神经元的细胞，与激素和神经递质相互作用，形成了“一套类似动物神经系统的植物神经系统，”从事此类研究的主要作者林肯·泰兹说道。3.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.①小词典artifact/ˈɑːtɪfækt/n.（尤指有文化价值或历史价值的）人工制品，历史文物；非自然存在物体，假象（=artefact）【记忆】art(艺术)+i(我们)+fact(实际)→艺术art是我们i根据实际fact生活提炼出的人工制品artifact、手工艺品artifact→artifact【例句】Thismethodisverysimple,andtheoutputimagesarefreeofcoherentartifactnoise.这个方法很简单,输出图象没有相干噪声.polymer/ˈpɒlɪmə(r)/n.[高分子]聚合物【例句】Coverageofpolymerparticlesisobviouslyinfluencedbyemulsifierstructure.显然聚合物胶粒总数受乳化剂结构的影响.长难句精讲精练Whenwecorrelatedourmeasureswithlearningrate,wefoundthatpatternsofbrainactivitythathavebeenlinkedtolinguisticprocessespredicted///howeasilypeoplecouldlearnasecondlanguage.【词汇】correlate...with...把......相关联Thestudyfoundthatlackofsleepcorrelateswithpooracademicperformance.(研究发现睡眠不足与学业表现差相关。)learningrate学习速度Ananalysisabouthowtheparametersoflearningrateandhistorycor-relativityimpactthepredictionisgiven.同时给出了学习速度参数和历史信息相关度参数对预测的影响。pattern[ˈpætərn]n.模式，形式【记忆】pattern记法:pat(father)+tern(turn转变)---由母版所转变而来的图案---型,模式,样式pattern,英语单词,主要作为名词、及物动词、不及物动词。【例句】Theblackandwhitepatternisrelievedbytinycolouredflowers.五彩缤纷的小花使得黑白图案不那么单调。belinkedto...与......相关Aidtoindividualcountrieswouldbelinkedtoprogresstowardsdemocracy对个别国家的援助会与其民主进程相挂钩。linguistic[lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk]adj.语言的，语言学的【记忆】-lingu-语言，舌+-ist从事某项工作的人+-ic【例句】Diachroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.历时语言学是在语言的历史过程中研究语言的.predict[prɪˈdɪkt]v.预测【记忆】pre+dict说=预先说=预言【例句】Hepredictedthatmyhairwouldgrowback'innotime'...他预言我的头发“一眨眼”就会长回来。【句子结构】句子主干：wefoundthat...宾语从句（that引导宾从1，how引导宾从2）：patternsofbrainactivitypredictedhoweasilypeoplecouldlearnasecondlanguage定语从句：thathavebeenlinkedtolinguisticprocesses状语从句：Whenwecorrelatedourmeasureswithlearningrat【翻译】当我们将学习速度与我们的测量（研究）相关联时，我们发现，与语言过程相关的大脑活动模式可以预测人们学习第二语言的难易程度。Elegance,simplicityandanunderstandingofotherfieldscametomatterinaworldinwhichcomputersarefashionitems,carriedbyeveryone,thatcandoalmostanything.【词汇】elegancen.雅致，优雅elegantadj.【记忆】e-出+-leg-采集+-ance名词词尾→采集在一起遴选出优雅的【例句】Inthedining-roomthedraperiescreateanatmosphereofelegance.在餐厅里，打褶装饰物能营造雅致的氛围。simplicityn.简洁simpleadj.simplifyv.Forthesakeofsimplicity,let'sdividethediscussionintotwoparts.为了方便起见，我们把讨论分成两部分。cometomatter变得重要（关键）Nowwecometothecruxofthematter.现在我们来谈问题的症结fashionitem时尚单品Tightjeansaren'ttheonlyfashionitemontrial.紧身牛仔裤并非唯一接受人们审判的时尚单品【句子结构】句子主干：Elegance,simplicityandanunderstandingcametomatter定语：ofotherfields状语：inaworld定语从句（inwhich/that引导）：inwhichcomputersarefashionitems,carriedbyeveryone,thatcandoalmostanything【翻译】优雅、简单和对其他领域的理解在一个电脑成为时尚物品的世界里变得重要起来，每个人都有电脑，它几乎可以做任何事情。Researchonthetopicindicatesthatwhenanegotiator’sfirstofferisimmediatelyaccepted,heismorelikelytothinkthathecouldhavedonebetter,andthereforelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeagreement.【词汇】indicatev.表明，指出，象征【记忆】in加以…+dic说；断言+ate做，造成，使…→说出→指示Recordprofitsintheretail