现在完成时被动语态

P33-342.havebeendonehasbeenusedhavebeenfinished3)havebeenpunished5.1)Hehasbeengiventhebook.2)Abookhasbeengiventohim.

6.1)Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.2)Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard.7.1)Thebookhasbeenreferredtobyhim.2)Awayofdingithasbeenthoughtof.8.1)TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.2)Theaccident(whichhappenedyesterday)surprisedallofus.2)forto(3)

with

with(4)Itishopedthat

ThenumberoftheMiludeerishopedtoincreasesoon.课时训练8havebeenenrichedhasbeenrepairedhasbeenfinishedhavebeensentuphavebeenmadehavebeenwarnedhasbeentriedhasbeenputoffII.havebeenproducedhavebeenconductedwas/wererescuedhavebeensenthavebeenbuilthavebeenacceptedhasbeenbrokenhasbeencleanedhasn'tbeenpaintedhavebeeninvitedIII.hasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguageshasbeendiscussedforaweekHowlonghasthemachinebeenusedfor?NobookhasbeenboughthavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyearshasnotbeenheardofsincethenHowlonghastheybeenmarriedHashisbookbeenreturnedtohimIV1-5BCADA6-10CBABC11-15ABABDCase1:Somethingoughttohavebeendone

beforenow.Themachinehasbeenused

for3years.1.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptopIhavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3.…IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.当句子出现表示与现在/目前相关的时间段的短语，用现在完成时。如since...;for+时间段；overtime;inthepast...years;sofar;uptillnow;recently;yet;already等。什么情况下使用现在完成时？

Case2:Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomehasbeenfinished.Youcangohomeassoonasyouhavefinishedyourhomework.Eachguestwillbegivenasmallgiftwhenthey__________(fill)intheform.句子里有两个或多个谓语，表示目前的情况，发生在do或willdo前的动作用havedone.什么情况下使用现在完成时？havefilledCase3:1.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephones…2.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.句子里没出现特定的时间状语或存在两个动作发生先后的对比，但句子含有“到目前/当前”的意思。什么情况下使用现在完成时？

1.Thefloorinourclassroom_____________(mop)

everyday2Manyaccidents____________(cause)bycarelessdriving.

3.I____________(ask)tocleanmyroomonMonday.4We____________(take)tothathospitalbyataxi.5Anewcoat___________(buy)formebymymotherlastweek.6.China'sfirsttelevisionstation__________(setup)bytheworkersin1958

completethesentencesusingwordsgivenwithcorrectforms.ismoppedarecausedamaskedweretakenwasboughtwassetup7He____________________(recognize)assoonashearrivesatthiscity8Allthoseoldbuildings______________________(knockdown)tomorrow.9Anewvillagefortheathletesandallthestadiums__________________________(totheeastofLondon.10.Doyouknowthethief__________________(catch)bythepolice?

hasbeencaught

willbeknockeddownwillberecognizedwillbebuiltcompletethesentencesusingwordsgivenwithcorrectforms.11Allthepreparationsfortheproject___________________(complete),Andwe’rereadytostart.12Howmanytimes_____________________(you,tell)nottoplaywithfire?

－I’msorry.I’llneverdothatagain.13Thehomework__________________(must,handin)tomorrow.14Theflowers____________________(should,water)onceaweek.haveyoubeentoldhavebeencompletedcompletethesentencesusingwordsgivenwithcorrectforms.mustbehandedinshouldbewatered现在完成时(presentperfecttense)的被动语态：

S+have/has+been+done(过去分词)1OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2FirstasaPCandthenasalaptopIhavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3…IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.5Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephones…6IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMOonandMars.Discoveringusefulstructuresfromthepassageonp18:现在完成时的被动语态：thepresentperfectpassivevoiceS+have/hasbeen+done(过去分词)现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者，在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：过去分词前有两个助动词have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes．Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt．1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型：

主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.现在完成时被动语态否定句句型：主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词

Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.Thepresentperfectpassivevoice(肯定句、否定句:

3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型：

Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?

Thepresentperfectpassivevoice(疑问句）:

1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.张飞庙已经过重建。2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:

Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门已经被锁上了。3.动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下如：

Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.

有人告诉他这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他)4.用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作如：We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.工作一完成我们就立即动身。(我或别人现在进不去)现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用,如:yesterday,twoweeksago,in1978,whenIgotthere

等,现在完成时常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明确的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,for

的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays

等。Workers

havebuilt

thehousesincetwoyearsago.

sincetwoyearsago.Exercise1:Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice动作的执行者动作的承受者谓语动词Thehousehas

beenbuiltbyworkers1We

havereceived

manyletterssincelastweek.Manyletters

havebeenreceived

sincelastweek.Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoicemachinereplacecomputer1Themachine

hasbeenreplacedbythecomputer

.Makingupsentencesusingpresentperfectpassivevoice:4Mycomputer,justattack,anunknownvirus.5theproblem,not,solve,we,yet6thecomputers,giveaway,to,alocalschool,thecompanyMycomputerhasjustbeenattackedbyanunknownvirus.Theproblemhasnotbeensolvedbyusyet.Thecomputershavebeengivenawaytoalocalschoolbythecompany7Akindofintelligentrobot,develop,thescientistsAkindofintelligentrobothasbeendevelopedbythescientistsMakeupthesentencesusingthepresentperfectpassivevoice.注意:副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:

[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误]

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.

[正]

Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?二、改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithour