雅思语法班讲义

..第一课时冠词一.基础知识记忆.1.单数可数名词绝不能单独使用,其前不是加冠词a/an/the或one’s,就必须将名词的单数形式改为复数形式.2.表泛指意义的复数名词或不可数名词(即物质名词或抽象名词)前面千万不要添加任何冠词.3.固定短语中有无冠词,要分得清清楚楚,明明白白.二.定冠词的使用.1.世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前.e.g.theChangjiangRivertheEastLake/thePacificOceantheUrals.2.形容词same前.3.序数词最高级前面.4.byfar前置修饰比较级时.e.g.Thisbookisbyfarthebetterthanthatone.c.f.Thisbookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.Thisbookisevenbetterthanthatone.5.强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时.e.g.Theolderofthetwobrothersismydesk-mate.Whichisthebiggercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisbigger,CanadaorAustralia?6.表示“越…越…”意义时.e.g.Thesooner,thebetter.7.句型“动作动词+sb.+介词+the+具体身体部位名词”结构中.e.g.BobhitJohnonthehead.Thegentlelightstruckthebabyintheface.Thelittleboytooktheelephantbythenoseacrossthestreet.8.发明的事物名称前(即invent之后的名词)或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前.e.g.Bellisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.Asweallknow,thetigerisindangerofdyingout.9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前.e.g.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbytime.InEngland,clothissoldbytheyardinsteadofbythemeter.InEngland,clothissoldbylength.10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人.e.g.therich11.乐器名词前.e.g.Ilikeplayingtheguitarandmysisterlikesplayingthepiano.12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前.e.g.Thepeople’sRepublicofChinaandtheUnitedStatesaretwogreatcountries.13.方位、方向名词前.e.g.ChinaisintheeastofAsia,thelargestcontinentontheearth,andonthewestofthePacificOcean,thelargestoceanintheworld.14.再次指代上文中已提过的名词前.e.g.Iboughtapenyesterday.Thepenwriteswell.15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前.e.g.Passmethebook,please.16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民.e.g.TheChineselovepeace.17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩.18.其后有某种修饰语(如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等)的名词前,表示特定的人或物时.e.g.Thebookonthedeskismine.19.与单数可数名词连用,表类别.e.g.Thehorseisausefulanimal.20.表同位关系的时间、地点、语言名词前.e.g.IbegantolearntheFrenchlanguageintheUniversityofWuhaninthemonthofNovemberof1999.21.与农历有关的节日名词前(即与festival连用时).e.g.ChildrenarealwayslookingforwardtotheSpringFestival.22.用在整十的复数形式前表年代.e.g.Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasoverfifty,hebegantolearnRussian.23.习惯用语中.(高考词汇)e.g.attheageof,atthebeginningof,allovertheworld,allthebest,gotothecinema,makethebed,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,intheend,themoment,taketheplaceof,ontheradio,allthesame,bythesideof,bytheway,ontheway,inthehabitof,inthechargeof三.a/an的使用.表泛指意义的单数可数名词前或“一类”或“其中的一个”意义时.e.g.Agoodbookcanenrichaperson.2.表频率,表示“每……”、“每一……”意义时.e.g.Peoplehavethreemealsaday.3.某些抽象名词表具体意义或被某一形容词修饰了的时候.e.g.Itgavemeasurprisetomeetyouhereagain.Asateacher,hewasafailure.However,asaleader,hewasasuccess.ComradeLeiFengledamiserablelifeduringhischildhood.4.有比喻意味或不确切的人名之前表达“一个叫……”意义时.e.g.LiHaoisalivingLeiFenginourclass.AMr.Smithwantstoseeyou.5.当某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候,必须用“a/an+序数词”结构.e.g.Althoughhehasfailedsixtimes,hewouldliketohaveatryaseventhtime.6.与形容词最高级连用表示“很、非常”.e.g.Yesterdaywasahappiestdayforme,forI’djustwonthefirstprize.7.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/an.a/an+比较级e.g.____Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?____Oh,I’veneverseenaworseone.____HowdoyoulikeTom?____I’mafraidthatnooneinmyclasshasaclevererbrainthanhe.8.有时表示一次性行为,特别是用在名词化了的动词前.e.g.have/takealookat;goforawalk;cometoanend;cometoastop9.当一日三餐名词(breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner)或其他一些名词如time,life,help,pleasure,world,part等被某一(些)形容词修饰了的时候.e.g.adeliciousbreakfast/awonderfuldinner/agreathelp10.固定短语结构中:haveacold/stomachache,haveamatch,agreatnumberof,inaword,haveawordwith,makeapromise,inaminute,asamatteroffact,takeaseat.【特别注意】英语中,有些名词永远都不会与不定冠词连用.它们是advice,equipment,fun,furniture,information,news,luck,clothing,wealth.四.零冠词.1.表泛指意义的复数名词物质名词,以及介词后的抽象名词前.e.g.Childrenareoftencomparedtoflowers.Booksarestairsthathelppeoplemakeprogress.2.复数名词表类别、属性时,不用冠词.e.g.Horsesareusefulanimals.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.3.由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前．e.g.Children’sDay/Teachers’Day/NationalDay/MayDay4.表泛指意义的月份、季节、星期、学科、语言、材料等名词前．e.g.onSunday/inspring/inink5.球类、棋类名词前.e.g.playfootball/chess/basketball6.介词by后接表交通、通讯方式等名词前.e.g.bytrain/bytelephone/bymachine7.泛指一日三餐名词前.e.g.Afterbreakfast,wearetovisitMountainTaiandhavelunchthere.8.官衔职务名词作表语补语或同位语时.e.g.Heismonitorofourclass.LincolnwaselectedpresidentoftheU.S.DongLi,capitalofDongfanghongII,isastrong-mindedman.9.方位副词前.e.g.JapanlieseastofChina.10.“from…to”结构中重复使用的单数名词,以及“名词+介词+(同样)名词”结构中的名词前都不使用任何冠词.e.g.fromareatoarea/arminarm/daybyday11.man作“人类”讲时.e.g.Mancanconquernature.12.as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.e.g.Heroasheis,heisstillmodest.Childassheis,sheknowsalot.13.turn后的单数名词作表语.e.g.Shehasturneddoctor.13.介词by后接表度量衡单位的时间、长度、重量、面积、价钱等总称名词前.e.g.bytime/byweight/byarea/bylength14.由地名构成的专有名词前.e.g.WuhanUniversityisinWuhan.15.单数可数名词已被物主代词数词指示代词或名词所有格修饰.16.当两个或两个以上的名词用and连接且含有对比的含义或习惯上总是一起使用时.e.g.Fatherandsonattendedthemeetingtogether.Thetwowereliketeacherandstudent,thoughtheywerethesameage.Husbandandwifesattogetherintheirhome.17.固定短语结构中.comeintouse/put…intopractice/outofquestion/outofthequestion/atpresentThesignreads“Incaseof___fire,breaktheglassandpush________redbutton.A.×;aB.×;theC.the;theD.a;a2.Jumpingoutof_____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_____excitingexperience.A.×;theB.×;anC.an;anD.the;the3.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_____IQ.A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest4.Thewarmthof____sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.A.×;×B.the;theC.the;×D.×;the5.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith___animalsof___differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.the;aB.×;aC.×;theD.the;the6.Papermoneywasin___useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin____thirteencentury.the;B.the;theC.×;theD.×;×7.----Haveyouseen___pen?Ileftitherethismorning.----Isit______blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a8.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the9.______newsconferencedoesnotalwaysoffer______truthfulinformation.A./;/B.The;/C.A;theD.A;/10.Thoughtheyare_____peopleofdifferentsorts,theyalwaysbuydressesof_____style.A./;theB.the;aC./;aD.the;the11.Dolly______sheep,theworld’sfirstclonedanimal,wasgiven____shottoendherlifeonFeb.14becauseshewassufferingfromalungdiseasecommoninmucholdersheep.A./;aB.the;aC.a;theD./;the第二课时名词一名词的分类名词普通名词可数名词个体名词teacher,bus,…..集体名词people，crew…..不可数名词物质名词rice,air,water抽象名词success,friendship专有名词China,BillGates,theGreatWall,…二专有名词指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYear’sDay注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写三普通名词专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词，指作为个体而存在的人或东西。可以指具体的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments，也可指抽象东西。Eg:ayear;fairytales;adream四集合名词表示由个体组成的集体。Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。Eg:Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。Eg:Theaudiencewas(were)excitedbytheshow.有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg:Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.五物质名词:指无法分为个体的东西。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent(清洁剂);fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg:rains（雨季）snows(积雪）waters(海域)…六:表示一些抽象的概念。Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Eg:He’slearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.有时也可以加冠词。Heworkshardforthewelfareofthepoor.1.Iwrotealettertoshowmy___ofhisthoughtfulness.A.achievementB.agreementC.attentionD.appreciation2.Weallknowthat___speaklouderthanwords.A.movementsB.performancesC.operationsD.action3.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existence4.Youwillfindthismapofgreat_____inhelpingyougetroundLondon.A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness5.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemy____ofliving.A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion6.----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?----_______.A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s7.I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle_______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest8.____ofMrsWhite’scamebackhomeyesterday.ShehadbeenintheUnitedStatesforyears.A.AdaughterB.ThedaughterC.HerdaughterD.daughter9.Hegainedhis____byprinting____offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works10.Itwillbe____tojumpintothelaketohaveaswimonahotsummerday.A.funB.afunC.funnyD.thefun第三课时代词一代词的分类人称代词I,you，she，him疑问代词whowhomwhat物主代词my、your、hers关系代词which、that、who反身代词myself、yourselves连接代词who、which、what相互代词eachother、oneanother不定代词one、each、another、neither指示代词this、that、those、these二一些重要的不定代词的用法不定代词有both,either,neither,one,theother,another,little,few,some,any,each,every,no,none等，从实际应用和理解出发，重点学习以下几个：(一)both,either,neither(二)one,another,theother(三)little,alittle,few,afew(四)some/any,no/none,each/every,many/much不定代词含义数量关系作定语时名词的数作主语时动词的数Both两者都=2复数复数Either两者中的任何一个=2单数单数Neither两者都不=2单数单数All三者或三者以上都≥3单数或复数单数或复数None三者或三者以上都不≥3○单数或复数Each每一个≥2单数单数Every每一个≥3单数单数(一)both,either,neitherboth为“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作主语：1)Both(ofthem)enjoyedtherice.他们两人喜欢吃米饭。2)Neither(ofus)isadoctor.我们俩都不是医生。3)Either(ofyou)willgo.随你们哪个去都可以。注意：作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither,either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。作定语：1)BothZhangHua'sfatherandmotherworkerworkinahospital,butneitheroneisadoctor.张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。2)Youmaytakeeitherapple.两个苹果任你拿一个。作宾语：1)Ilikebothofthetoysverymuch.

我非常喜欢这两件玩具。2)Theboycouldfindneitherofthemandwentaway.

这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。both还可作同位语，它们句中的位置是在动词be，助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。1)Theyarebothingoodhealth.

他们两人身体都很好。2)Theywillbothgothere.

他们两人都收到那儿去。3)Theybothagreedtotakepartinthebirthdayparty.他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。此外，either可作副词用于否定句，表示“也”，相当于肯定句中的“too”。Thisisnotmine.Thatisnot,either.

这不是我的，那也不是。neither表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中：Idon'tliketoplayfootball.Neitherdoeshe.我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。Shehasn'tgotabike.NeitherhaveI.他没自行车，我也没有。

注意，both和and,either和or,neither和nor可构成连词。表示“和……两个都”，连接主语时谓语动词是复数；“不是……就是”；“或……或”，“既不……也不”；“……都不”连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，如：1)BothZhangandWangaregoodstudents.

张、王都是好学生。2)Eitheryouorheisright.

不是你就是他对的。3)Neitherhenoriamascientist.

他和我都不是科学家。(二)one,another,theother1.one常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如：Ihaven'tgotaballpen.I'llhavetobuyone.(=aballpen)

我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。Heisonetothinkmoreofothers.

他是个能多为别人着想的人。2.theother,another都可解释为“另一个”。other加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another指三者以上中的另一个。例如：Hewastwobrothers.Oneisadoctor,theotherisateacher.We'vereceivedtwoparcels,onefrommyuncle,theotherfrommyaunt.Idon'tlikethisone,showmeanother,please.I'vejustboughtthreethings.Oneisawalkman,anotherisapocket

calculator,thethirdisavideogame.3.another还有“再……”的意思，例如：Haveanothercupofcoffee,please.再喝一杯咖啡吧！Shecouldhavetostayhereforanotherweek.他将在这里再待一个星期。4.other有“另外”的含义。例如：Wherearetheotherstudents?其他学生在哪里？Theboyismuchclevererthantheothertwo.这孩子比另两个更聪明。5.others和theothers表示复数的泛指和特指。例如：Intheparksomeareplayinggames.Othersarewalkingneartheriver.Ihavefivecolourpencils.Oneisred,anotherisblueandtheothersaregreen.6.therest也可作“其余的”解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如：TherestofhislifewasspentinAmerica.他的余生是在美国度过的。Hehaseightbooks.TwoareinEnglish.TherestareinChinese.他有几本书，两本是英文，其余的是中文。(三)little,alittle,few,afew1.little与alittle两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little作“很少”，“几乎没有”解，有否定的意思，alittle作“少许”、“有一点”解，有肯定的意思，例如：Inthiswaytheycanmakethetripwithjustalittlemoney.用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。Thereislittleleft,isthere?没剩多少了，是吗？2.few,afew用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。AfewofusspeakEnglishwell.我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。Therewerefeweggsisthefridge,sohewenttothesupermarketandboughtsome.冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了，所以他去超市买了一些。3.few作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数，例如：

Fewmenknowthis,dothey?4.常用词组有quiteafew(好几个)，onlyafew(只有一个)，averyfew(极少数)。例如：HestudiedChineseforquiteafewyears.他学汉语已有好几年了。(四)some/any,no/none,each/every,many/much（1）some和any:some(一些，某个)句中可作主语、宾语、定语等，常用于肯定句。作定语时，它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词是单数时，some表示“某个”的意思。例如：Therearesomenewspapersonthetable.Iamgoingtobuysomeorangejuice.Haveyouanyquestions?Yes,Ihavesome.Ihavereadthatinsomemagazine.当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时，在疑问句中也可用some。例如：Wouldyoulikesometea?Couldyoulendmesomemoney?any“一些”用法相同于some,但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如：Isthereanyinkinyourpen?Putupyourhandsifyouhaveanyquestions.注意：1.any用于肯定句中有“任何一个”解。常用于比较级句子中。

Tomrunsfasterthananyotherboyinhisclass.Tomrunsfasterthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.2.some,any,every,no可以与body,thing,one构成合成代词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物：Somethingiswrongwithmybike.Somethingisaskingtoseeyou.Nobodyisabsent.Ifyouwantanything,callme.（2）no和none:none(没有一个，全不，都不)是名词性的不定代词，可作主语和宾语，常和of短语连用，不以作定语。none作主语代替不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式。代替可数名词时，谓语用单、复数均可。例如：Noneofusis/arefromBeijing.Noneofthemoneyismine.none与all相对，有“全不”“全部”的含义，因此all是全肯定，none是all的全部否定，但都指三者以上的人或物。Weallmademistakes.Noneofuswascorrect.no是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，可修饰可数和不可数名词。no等于nota或notany加上名词。例如：Ihavenomoney.Ihavenotanymoney.noone相当于nobody，意为没有人，谓语用单数。（3）each和every：each(每个，各自的)强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。every(每个，一切的)相当于all，强调整体，只能作定语。Eachboyhasadictionary.每个孩子都有一本词典。Everyboyhasadictionary.所有的孩子都有一本词典。注意：every构成的常用词组everyotherday

每隔一天/everyotherfivedays每隔五天everyotherline每隔一行/everyfivedays每五天（4）many和much：many修饰可数名词的复数，谓语用复数，much修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数，它们可用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，还可在肯定句中作主语或修饰主语。例如：Somuchfortoday.Therearemanybusesandcarsinthestreet.many已被alotof,alargenumberof,agreatmany所代替。much已被alotof,plentyof,agooddealof,agreat(large)quantityof所代替。但alotof/lotsof只能用于肯定句。1.______ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.Each B.Any C.Noone D.None2.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause______ofushad______moneyonus.A.all;noB.any;no C.none;anyD.noone;any3.Thereisatreeon_______sideofthestreet.A.everyB.all C.eitherD.both4.Thereisadeskon_______sideoftheroom.A.bothB.either C.allD.every5.—WhichsidecanIsitontheboat?—Ifyousitstill,youcansiton_______.A.everysideB.allsides C.bothsidesD.eitherside6.Itissaidthat_______ofhisparentshavegonetoBeijing.A.allB.every C.bothD.either7.Somestudentsareabsent-minded,_______ofthemheardwhattheteachersaid.A.allB.none C.everyD.notall8.—Is_______here?—No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebody C.everybodyD.nobody9.Theywereallverytired,but______ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.A.anyB.some C.noneD.neither10.—CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?—I’mafraid_______dayispossible.A.eitherB.neither C.some D.any11.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou’llhavetopay_____﹩5.A.anotherB.other C.moreD.each12.—Whichofthetwobooksdoyouwant?—Iwant_____.Pleaseshowme______.A.none;another B.all;theotherC.neither;theother D.neither;another13._____sideofthestreetislinedwithdifferentshops,____ofwhichsellelectronicproducts.A.Both;both B.Either;allC.Neither;either D.Either;both14.—Doyouneedanythingelse?—Yes,westillneed______aircrafts.A.moretwo B.twomoreC.othertwopiecesof D.twootherpiecesof15.Ihadnoideawhichwasbetter,soItook_____ofthem.A.anyB.every C.noneD.both16.—Theexaminationwaseasy,wasn’tit?—Yes,butIdon’tthink______couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybody C.nobodyD.everybody三不定代词的肯定与否定全部肯定all,both,everyone(body),everything,表示全部肯定全部否定noone,none,nothing,nobody,no...any表示全部否定部分否定not+表示全部肯定的词=表示部分否定Exercise加入练习，看雅思试题第四课时形容词和副词一形容词作不同成分的用法修饰名词复合词hard-working，man-made,world-famous,time-consuming,five-star,three-legged,ready-made,kind-hearted,ordinary-looking(2)形容词前置要注意多个形容词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质，类别--名词美（描述）小圆（形状）旧黄（颜色），法国（出处）木（材质）书（用途）房eg:thefirstbeautifulsmallwhiteChinesewoodenbridgeJohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasacar.A．largeGermanwhite B．largewhiteGermanC．whitelargeGerman D．Germanlargewhite(3)形容词后置*单个形容词后置proper(本身),present(在场的，出席的),involved(有关的),

concerned(相关的),left(剩下的),objecting(反对的),

mentioned(提及的),selected(当选的)等。如thestudentspresent(出席的学生)，thecostinvolved(所需费用)*形容词短语后置----adj.todoe.g.Heisamantodifficulttoplease----old,long等附有数量的词e.g.Isawasnakeaboutameterlong.----成对形容词e.g.Therewasahugeroom,simpleandbeautiful.下列情况也要后置：

a.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置．如：somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginteresting

b.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.

c.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置。如：Doyoustillremembertheafternooninthefirstyearatcollegewhentheprofessorgaveusachemistrylesson?

d.以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake…如：Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.作表语Heisasleep.Iamprettysure.作状语Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.Heisstandinghere,fulloffear二形容词的比较等级1.as…as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。

Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.

2）当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as+形容词+a+单数名词

as+many/much+名词

Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.

Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan..

3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。

Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.

Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.4)倍数+the+n+of<=>倍数+as+adj.+asThisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.

Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.

Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.

Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.5)数量词+senior/junior+toHeissevenyearsseniortohiswife.Iamthreeyearsjuniortomyeldersister.２、morethan结构1）要避免重复使用比较级。

(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.

(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.

(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.

Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4）程度词abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等词可修饰比较级。除外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。而byfar一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。3：ThenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwasExercise:_______thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.（04福建）A．muchsmaller B．muchmore C．muchlarger D．manymore３、ofthetwo结构问题1：Ofthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoose_____one.A.thelessexpensive B.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensive D.mostexpensive问题2：Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas________choice.A.good B.thebest C.better D.thebetter在ofthetwo结构中，比较级前要加the，但如果不在ofthetwo结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。

比较：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?

Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?

Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.

Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.4、the+最高级+比较范围1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。Theshortestboyrunsfastestinthe100-meterrace.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。

Itisamostimportantproblem.

=Itisaveryimportantproblem.

注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.

(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，byfar,far,much,mostly,almost

Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.注意：

a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。

Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.

b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.

3)句型转换：

Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.

Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+so…as”结构表示最高级含义。

Nothingissoeasyasthis.

=Nothingiseasierthanthis.

=Thisistheeasiestthing.问题1：Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels________desiretogotobed.A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast问题2：Greenland,________islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargest B.thatisthelargest C.isthelargest D.thelargest5、和more有关的词组1)themore…themore…越……就越……

Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyou‘llmake.

2)moreBthanA与其说A不如说B

lessAthanB

Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.

=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.

3)nomore…than…与……一样(不)……，不比……多

TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.

noless…than…与……一样……

Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.

4)morethan不只是，非常

Sheismorethankindtousall.第五课时谓语动词最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作一、一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…,sometimes,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Waterboilsat100centigradedegrees3)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlikethat.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.（2）情态动词could,would，例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.注意比较下列句型：◎Itistimeforsb.todosth“到……时间了；该……了”，例如：Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。◎Itistimesb.didsth.“时间已迟了；早该……了”，例如：Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。◎would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如：I'dratheryoucametomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)b