考前第29天 阅读理解之记叙文 （解析卷） 2021年高考英语考前特训30天

备战2021年高考英语考前特训30天

如其大量做题，不如抽时间认真研究往年的高考试

题。往年的高考试题是精雕细磨的产物，她反映了对考第一部分

试内容的深思熟虑，对设问和答案的精准拿捏，对学生

水平的客观判断。研究这些试题，就如同和试卷的制作品味鬲考

者对话。一一教育部考试中心刘

一补弱市、摞速度、描仝词汇

考前第29天阅读理解之记叙文

【典例体验】

（2020•全国高考真题）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.He

leftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,

hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe

GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof

liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrange

land,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorful

EnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.

InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmiles

fromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.MisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashis

delicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends'invitationB.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregain

health.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【答案】

1.B2.D3.B4.A

【分析】

本文是记叙文。文章讲述J'Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在

乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段的"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrite

anarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹

别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯

坦。故选B。

2.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海

消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea（几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到

乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章）“可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选

D。

3.推理判断题。根据第三段"ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,but

alsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswayto

Bukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountain

funeral（葬礼）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,

diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.“可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到了

友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路

上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加

了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可

知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项（充满事件的，多事的）可以表达此意。故选B。

4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的

书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文

的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。

高考记叙文命题特点及阅读技巧

一、记叙文写作特点

记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、

游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。

就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方

法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓”

一篇之妙，在于落句"。

二、记叙文命题特点

从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或

词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，

逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因

此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，

集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次

的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列.综

上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。

三、记叙文答题技巧

一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在

阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。

No.l顺藤摸瓜

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因

此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

No.2左顾右盼

在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，

抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右

盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

No.3刨根问底

如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解

答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可

选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如"Whatcanbeinferredfrom...?"

或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin...?"之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查

找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。

No.4拨云见日

每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题.而这些词汇往往是你素

昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。

小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一

个段落的整体把握和变通能力。

这时，你不仅需要"左顾右盼"，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，

看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨

开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

【真题再练】

Passage1

（2021•浙江高考真题）Morethan25yearsago,SarooBrierleylivedinrural（农村）India.Oneday,

heplayedwithhisbrotheralongtheraillineandfellasleep.Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone,the4-year-

olddecidedhisbrothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim-sohegoton.

Thattraintookhimathousandmilesacrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.Helivedonthestreets,and

theninanorphanage（孤儿院）.There,hewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamilyandflowntoTasmania.

Ashewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn'thelpbutwonderabouthishometownback

inIndia.Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn'tknowhistown'sname,findingasmallneighborhoodina

vastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.

Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram's

satellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandrealizedhewaslookingatatown's

centralbusinessdistrictfromabird's-eyeview.Hethought,“Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseethethree-

platfbrmtrainstation^^——andthereitwas.uAndontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfbuntainM-andthereit

was.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.

Whenhestoodinfrontofthehousewherehegrewupasachild,hesawaladystandingintheentrance.

"There'ssomethingaboutme,"hethought-andittookhimafewsecondsbuthefinallyrememberedwhatshe

usedtolooklike.

InaninterviewBrierleysays,"MymotherlookedsomuchshorterthanIremembered.Butshecameforthand

walkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain,youknow,itwas

likeanuclearfusion（核聚变）.Ijustdidn'tknowwhattosay,becauseIneverthoughtseeingmymotherwould

evercometrue.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.

1.WhywasBrierleyseparatedfromhisfamilyabout25yearsago?

A.Hegotonatrainbymistake.B.Hegotlostwhileplayinginthestreet.

C.Hewastakenawaybyaforeigner.D.HewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamily.

2.HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?

A.Byanalyzingoldpictures.B.BytravellingallaroundIndia.

C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps.D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.

3.WhatdoesBrierleymainlytalkaboutintheinterview?

A.Hisloveforhismother.B.Hisreunionwithhismother.

C.Hislongwaybackhome.D.Hismemoryofhishometown.

【答案】

1.A2.C3.B

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的故事。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone:the4-year-olddecidedhis

brothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim-sohegoton.（当他醒来发现自己一个人时：4岁的孩子判断

他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车）“以及第二段中“Thattraintookhimathousandmiles

acrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.（那列火车把他带到了-个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市）”可知，布尔

利在25年前和家人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A项。

2.细节理解题。通过文章第四段“Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhis

hometownintheprogram'ssatellitepictures.（然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该节目的卫

星图片中寻找家乡）”以及“Everythingjuststartedtomatch.（一切都开始匹配了）”可知，布尔利是通过研究数

字地图找到家乡的。故选C项。

3.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段"InaninterviewBrierleysays:"MymotherlookedsomuchshorterthanI

remembered.Butshecameforthandwalkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthe

chemicalinmybrain,youknow:itwaslikenuclearfusion（核聚变）.justdidn'tknowwhattosay:becauseI

neverthoughtseeingmymotherwouldevercometrue.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.（在一次采访中，布

尔利说：“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、

眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道的：就像发生了核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到

我母亲会成为现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。）”可知，作者在采访中讲述「他和母亲的团聚。故选B

项。

Passage2

（2020•全国高考真题）JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudentto

pursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityof

Wisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfrom

thefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,

workingtopayhertuition（学费），becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.After

graduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvanceher

careerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-Eau

ClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-year

degreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceived

greatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,

andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）to

achievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy."Somenightsmy

heartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,"shesays.However,her

childrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generation

graduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.

4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?

A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.

C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.

5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?

A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.

C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.

6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?

A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?

A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.

C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

【答案】

4.C5.A6.B7.C

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家

人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立

了榜样，让他们得到了激励。

4.细节理解题。根据第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayher

tuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation4高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地

的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育）可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自

己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.（她自食其力读完

了大学）符合以上说法，故选C项。

5.细节理解题。根据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalin

Marshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbe

homeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.（她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，

因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer

选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。

A.Tolakecareofherkidseasily.（为了方便照顾她的孩子）符合以上说法，故选A项。

6.细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkids

andmissingimportanteventstostudy.（Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在

一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动）可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。

B.Hertimewithfamily.（她与家人的时光）符合以上说法，故选B项。

7.推理判断题。根据最后IJfKjThroughitall,sheremindedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwith

honors.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业）和However,herchildren

havelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateand

aninspirationtoherfamily-andthat^theprettypowerful.（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得

到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励-这是非常强大的。）可知，

Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得

到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.（努力会

得到回报）符合以上说法，故选C项。

Passage3

（2020•海南高考真题）Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasback

teachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbook

bags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.

Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.

"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."TmgoingtoputitinmyGrandma*sBox.0

"What'sthat?"theyasked.

"It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren/*Ireplied,

"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.

“don'tnow,"Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem.',

MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes,studentswouldaskmeto

describeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtaken

away-sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwould

returnthebelonging.

The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasborn.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'sclass.Then

someonesaid,uNowyoucanuseyourGrandma'sBox.1'Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessions

back,thestudentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon.'*

Ilovedtalkingabouttheimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyownchildren.They

enjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasIreceivedasurprisegift——alarge,

beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'sBoxareality.

8.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?

A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.

C.Torecommendsometoys.D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.

9.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsutheoffender"inparagraph8referto?

A.Thestudent'sparent.B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.

C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.

10.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?

A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.B.TheyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.

C.TheymadeapresentforGordon.D.Theystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.

11.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A.Sheenjoystellingjokes.B.Sheisastrictandsmartteacher.

C.Shelovesdoingwoodwork.D.Sheisaresponsiblegrandmother

【答案】

8.A9,D10.D11,B

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。

到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了

儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子“变成」'现实。

8.细节理解题。根据第一—段中“Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskinds

of"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.（在缺席了15年之后,我

又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果现在流行的是水枪）”以及第三段中'"Please

bringthatpistoltome/Isaid.TmgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.'（"请把那支水枪给我，''我说。"我要把

它放在我'奶奶的盒子‘里。"）“由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。

9.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文”wouldreturnthebelonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称

为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在•天结束的时候出现，

然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者故选D。

10.细节理解题。根据倒数第:段中“Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudents

wouldsay,,That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon.'（从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财

物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子"里）''由此可知，学生们在得知「戈登的出生后，他

们不再索要玩具。故选D。

11.推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者对待学生很

严格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，

作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。

Passage4

（2020•北京高考真题）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherself

tore-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-century

Frenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingto

findingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesfor

hisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthor

described."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn*tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanreveal

howtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproduced

them.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglish

medicineforeveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadein

ordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebefore

timeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.These

sculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan*tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeing

worksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandscienceback

together:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlights

experimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy,,—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelp

inunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修

补）,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestof

ourmodeminsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

12.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

13.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

14.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

【答案】

12.D13.B14.D15.C

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家PaulaSmith致力于对古代手工技能的研窕，认为科学家如果能够把古

代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。

12.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyofthe

skillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.”

让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这

些手工作品。”由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。

13.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesago

canrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,“重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭

示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。

14.推理判断题。根据文章第四段"Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemust

knowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknow

whattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见

解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解

宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在

强调手工技能的价值，故选D。

15.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,

Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmodeminsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯说，如果我

们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知

本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。

C选项CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选

Co

Passage5

（2020-天津高考真题）"Theytellmethatyou'dliketomakeastatue（塑像）ofme-isthatcoiTect,Miss

VinnieReam?^^

Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswas

nocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.

“Yes,sir,"shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis."Iwouldn'thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,

saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.44

PresidentLincolnsmiled."Painters,sculptors-they'vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI'm

afraidthere9snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust（半身像）?”

BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.

“Ofcourse-1shouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwoman

yoursize.u

Vinnie'sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.<4Smalldoesnotmeanweak,

sir,“shedefendedherself."IwasbominthecountryofWisconsin.Tvedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.

Makingafull-lengthclay（粘土）figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”

ThePresident'seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit."Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn't

knowyourbackground.”

Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissReam,"hesighed,"Tdliketo

letyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposefora

sculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.”

Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice."Iworkquickly,95shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbut

confidentasshepointedtothecomernearthewindows.4€IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehours

everyafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”

ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie'shandwarmly,'Tveheard

thatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemy

decisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.^^

Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.

16.WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln?

A.Heraggressivepersonality.B.Mr.Mills'sencouragingremark.

C.PresidentLincoln'sgentlevoice.D.Herinterestinachallengingjob.

17.HowdidPresidentLincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie'srequest?

A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.

18.Vinnieconfirmedherabilitytomakeafull-lengthstatuebyhighlighting.

A.herexperiencefromotherprojectsB.herinnocentchildhoodinthecountry

C.theheavylaborshehaddonebeforeD.theskillshepickedupinWisconsin

19.Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto.

A.achieveeffectsofnaturallightingB.keepallhertoolswithineasyreach

C.observethe