GIS课程设计本科实验报告-实验一：ArcEngine二次开发实验：地物分类统计

本科生实验报告实验课程GIS课程设计

摘要针对本专业目前所学的GIS应用与GIS开发课程的要求，本次课程设计主要是对GIS二次开发与GIS软件应用进行相关编码和上机实验，主要利用ArcEngine二次开发平台和VS2013开发工具完成了地物统计的GIS二次开发实验、利用ArcGIS和Envi等相关软件完成了甘孜水利侵蚀的计算，旨在培养GIS的开发与应用能力，实际的问题解决能力和动手能力，加强了学生对GIS相关应用领域的理解。关键词：空间分析、算法、GIS应用、ArcEngine、ArcMap、Envi、甘孜、水利侵蚀目录实验一：ArcEngine二次开发实验：地物分类统计 实验一：ArcEngine二次开发实验：地物分类统计1.1.实验目的（1）熟练搭建ArcEngine开发环境，了解ArcEngine和ArcObjects相关接口和实体类（2）利用ArcEngine实现地物分类统计，缓冲区运算，拓扑运算和地图导出等功能（3）进一步熟悉ArcEngine开发接口以及高级功能，加深对GIS空间分析和空间统计的理解1.2.实验内容利用C#语言、VS开发工具、ArcEngine开发平台实现地物分类统计1.3.地物分类统计技术流程1.3.1算法思想及算法流程图算法基本思想：(1)二次开发Com组件ITool,分别是用于线统计和面统计两类的工具(2)数据输入及相关初始化，选择统计工具(3)如果统计工具是面统计，则获取地图控件的轨迹多边形，否则就是线统计，获取地图控件的轨迹线，并对线做35的缓冲区。使用IElement接口绘图，然后使用IActivView导出地图(4)使用IQueryFilter进行空间查询，然后使用IDataStatistics接口统计地类名称字段的值集合(5)遍历上步中的值集合，每个迭代中通过值构造sql语句where条件”地类名称=值”，同时结合(3)步中的轨迹多边形或者缓冲区，运用ISpatialFilter进行空间查询。遍历每个要素，统计该要素与轨迹多边形或缓冲区的相交图形的距离，从而得出每类地物的面积(6)使用IArea求出轨迹多边形或者缓冲区的总面积(7)相关结果可视化展示，算法结束算法流程图：图1-SEQ图\*ARABIC1地物分类统计流程图1.3.2关键代码实现该算法的核心代码如下：统计工具核心：///<summary>///SummarydescriptionforStaticTool.///</summary>[Guid("0428808a-4782-4f81-a0b3-93be6e9226dc")][ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.None)][ProgId("GisStatistics.Com.StaticTool")]publicsealedclassPolygonStaticTool:BaseTool{ ………privateIHookHelperm_hookHelper=null;privateIMapControl3mapControl=null;privateIToolbarControltoolBarControl=null;publicPolygonStaticTool(){////TODO:Definevaluesforthepublicproperties//base.m_category="";//localizabletextbase.m_caption="面统计";//localizabletextbase.m_message="面统计";//localizabletextbase.m_toolTip="使用多边形进行统计";//localizabletextbase.m_name="面统计";//uniqueid,non-localizable(e.g."MyCategory_MyTool")try{////TODO:changeresourcenameifnecessary//stringbitmapResourceName=GetType().Name+".bmp";base.m_bitmap=newBitmap(GetType(),bitmapResourceName);base.m_cursor=newSystem.Windows.Forms.Cursor(GetType(),GetType().Name+".cur");}catch(Exceptionex){System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine(ex.Message,"InvalidBitmap");}}#regionOverriddenClassMethods///<summary>///Occurswhenthistooliscreated///</summary>///<paramname="hook">Instanceoftheapplication</param>publicoverridevoidOnCreate(objecthook){try{m_hookHelper=newHookHelperClass();m_hookHelper.Hook=hook;if(m_hookHelper.ActiveView==null){m_hookHelper=null;}}catch{m_hookHelper=null;}if(m_hookHelper==null)base.m_enabled=false;elsebase.m_enabled=true;//TODO:Addotherinitializationcodethis.toolBarControl=hookasIToolbarControl;this.mapControl=this.toolBarControl.BuddyasIMapControl3;}///<summary>///Occurswhenthistoolisclicked///</summary>publicoverridevoidOnClick(){//TODO:AddStaticTool.OnClickimplementationthis.mapControl.CurrentTool=this;}publicoverridevoidOnMouseDown(intButton,intShift,intX,intY){//TODO:AddStaticTool.OnMouseDownimplementationif(Button==1){IGeometrypGeometry=this.mapControl.TrackPolygon();SymbolUtil.InsertNormalLineElement(mapControl,TopologicOpreatorUtil.GetGeometryBoundary(pGeometry),255,0,0);newStatisForm(pGeometry,this.mapControl,OutputImage(pGeometry)).ShowDialog();SymbolUtil.ClearElement(mapControl);}}privatevoidoutPutArea(IGeometrypGeometry){ITopologicalOperatorpTopologicOperator=pGeometryasITopologicalOperator;pTopologicOperator.Simplify();//pTopologicOperator.ClipIActiveViewpActiveView=this.mapControlasIActiveView;//PictureBoxp=newPictureBox();//pActiveView.Output();}……………..privateImageOutputImage(IGeometrypGeometry){returnMapImageUtil.SaveCurrentToImage(mapControl.Map,331,151,pGeometry.Envelope);}#endregion}///<summary>///SummarydescriptionforPolylineStaticTool.///</summary>[Guid("62751d8d-07b3-4d84-a559-5ebdafbb4e0e")][ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.None)][ProgId("GisStatistics.Com.PolylineStaticTool")]publicsealedclassPolylineStaticTool:BaseTool{………………privateIHookHelperm_hookHelper=null;privateIMapControl3mapControl=null;privateIToolbarControltoolBarControl=null;publicPolylineStaticTool(){////TODO:Definevaluesforthepublicproperties//base.m_category="";//localizabletextbase.m_caption="线统计";//localizabletextbase.m_message="线统计";//localizabletextbase.m_toolTip="使用线段缓冲区进行统计";//localizabletextbase.m_name="线统计";//uniqueid,non-localizable(e.g."MyCategory_MyTool")try{////TODO:changeresourcenameifnecessary//stringbitmapResourceName=GetType().Name+".bmp";base.m_bitmap=newBitmap(GetType(),bitmapResourceName);base.m_cursor=newSystem.Windows.Forms.Cursor(GetType(),GetType().Name+".cur");}catch(Exceptionex){System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine(ex.Message,"InvalidBitmap");}}#regionOverriddenClassMethods///<summary>///Occurswhenthistooliscreated///</summary>///<paramname="hook">Instanceoftheapplication</param>publicoverridevoidOnCreate(objecthook){try{m_hookHelper=newHookHelperClass();m_hookHelper.Hook=hook;if(m_hookHelper.ActiveView==null){m_hookHelper=null;}}catch{m_hookHelper=null;}if(m_hookHelper==null)base.m_enabled=false;elsebase.m_enabled=true;//TODO:Addotherinitializationcodethis.toolBarControl=hookasIToolbarControl;this.mapControl=this.toolBarControl.BuddyasIMapControl3;}///<summary>///Occurswhenthistoolisclicked///</summary>publicoverridevoidOnClick(){//TODO:AddPolylineStaticTool.OnClickimplementation}publicoverridevoidOnMouseDown(intButton,intShift,intX,intY){//TODO:AddPolylineStaticTool.OnMouseDownimplementationif(Button==1){IGeometrypGeometry=this.mapControl.TrackLine();ITopologicalOperatorpTopoOpreator=pGeometryasITopologicalOperator;IGeometrynewGeometry=pTopoOpreator.Buffer(35);SymbolUtil.InsertNormalLineElement(mapControl,pGeometry,255,0,0);SymbolUtil.InsertNormalLineElement(mapControl,TopologicOpreatorUtil.GetGeometryBoundary(newGeometry),0,255,0);newStatisForm(newGeometry,this.mapControl,OutputImage(pGeometry)).ShowDialog();SymbolUtil.ClearElement(mapControl);}}……privateImageOutputImage(IGeometrypGeometry){returnMapImageUtil.SaveCurrentToImage(mapControl.Map,331,151,pGeometry.Envelope);}}核心统计类：///<summary>///空间查询与操作帮助类///2015/12/11fhr///</summary>classFeatureDealUtil{publicstaticboolUpdateFeature(IList<IFeature>pfeatuers,DataTabledataTable){for(inti=0;i<dataTable.Rows.Count;i++){IFeaturepFeature=pfeatuers[i];DataRowdRow=dataTable.Rows[i];boolisUpdate=false;for(intj=0;j<dRow.ItemArray.Count();j++){IFieldpField=pFeature.Fields.get_Field(j);if(!pField.Editable){continue;}if(pField.Type==esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeBlob||pField.Type==esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeRaster||pField.Type==esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry){continue;}if(pFeature.get_Value(j)!=dRow[j]){isUpdate=true;objectvalue=dRow[j];if(pFeature.Fields.get_Field(j).CheckValue(value)){pFeature.set_Value(j,value);}}}if(isUpdate){pFeature.Store();}}returntrue;}///<summary>///统计某一段各值的个数///</summary>///<paramname="layer"></param>///<paramname="fieldName"></param>///<returns></returns>publicstaticIDictionary<string,Int32>QueryLayerCountForUnikevalues(IFeatureLayerlayer,stringfieldName,IGeometrypGeometry){IDictionary<string,int>result=newDictionary<string,int>();IList<object>values=GetUnikeValues(layer,fieldName);foreach(stringvalueinvalues){stringwhere=string.Format("{0}='{1}'",fieldName,value);Int32count=GetLayerCount(layer,pGeometry,where,fieldName);result.Add(value,count);}returnresult;}publicstaticIDictionary<string,double>QueryLayerAreaForUnikevalues(IFeatureLayerlayer,stringfieldName,IGeometrypGeometry){IDictionary<string,double>result=newDictionary<string,double>();IList<object>values=GetUnikeValues(layer,fieldName);foreach(stringvalueinvalues){stringwhere=string.Format("{0}='{1}'",fieldName,value);doublecount=GetLayerClipArea(layer,pGeometry,where,fieldName);result.Add(value,count);}returnresult;}publicstaticIList<object>GetUnikeValues(IFeatureLayerlayer,stringfieldName){IList<object>values=newList<object>();IFeatureCursorpFeatureCursor=QueryFeatureInLayer(layer,"");IDataStatisticsdataStatistics=newDataStatisticsClass();dataStatistics.Cursor=pFeatureCursorasICursor;dataStatistics.Field=fieldName;//IStatisticsResultsresult=dataStatistics.Statistics;IEnumeratormyEnumerator=dataStatistics.UniqueValues;List<string>myValueList=newList<string>();myEnumerator.Reset();while(myEnumerator.MoveNext()){if(myEnumerator.Current!=null){values.Add(myEnumerator.Current.ToString());}}//IStatisticsResultsresult=dataStatistics.Statistics;returnvalues;}publicstaticdoubleGetLayerClipArea(IFeatureLayerlayer,IGeometrypGeometry,stringwhere,stringfieldName){ICursorpCursor=QueryFeatureInLayer(layer,pGeometry,where)asICursor;//returnGetLayerCount(pCursor,fieldName);returnGetLayerClipArea(pCursor,pGeometry);}publicstaticdoubleGetLayerClipArea(ICursorpCursor,IGeometryoriginGeo){doublearea=0;IFeatureCursorcursor=pCursorasIFeatureCursor;IFeaturepFeature=cursor.NextFeature();while(pFeature!=null){ITopologicalOperatorpTopo=pFeature.ShapeasITopologicalOperator;IGeometrygeometry=pTopo.Intersect(originGeo,esriGeometryDimension.esriGeometry2Dimension);area+=(geometryasIArea).Area;pFeature=cursor.NextFeature();}returnarea;}///<summary>///利用语句进行查询返回游标和查询过滤类///</summary>///<paramname="featureLayer"></param>///<paramname="whereClause"></param>///<returns></returns>publicstaticIFeatureCursorQueryFeatureInLayer(IFeatureLayerfeatureLayer,StringwhereClause){IFeatureCursorfeatureCursor=null;IQueryFilter2queryFilter=newQueryFilterClass();queryFilter.WhereClause=whereClause;IFeatureClassfeatureClass=featureLayer.FeatureClass;featureCursor=featureClass.Search(queryFilter,false);returnfeatureCursor;}///<summary>///利用空间位置进行查询返回游标///</summary>///<paramname="featureLayer"></param>///<paramname="geometry"></param>///<returns></returns>publicstaticIFeatureCursorQueryFeatureInLayer(IFeatureLayerfeatureLayer,IGeometrygeometry){IFeatureCursorfeatureCursor=null;ISpatialFilterspatialFilter=newSpatialFilter();switch(featureLayer.FeatureClass.ShapeType){caseesriGeometryType.esriGeometryPoint:spatialFilter.SpatialRel=esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelContains;break;caseesriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline:spatialFilter.SpatialRel=esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelIntersects;break;caseesriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolygon:spatialFilter.SpatialRel=esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelIntersects;break;}spatialFilter.Geometry=geometry;IFeatureClassfeatureClass=featureLayer.FeatureClass;featureCursor=featureClass.Search(spatialFilter,false);returnfeatureCursor;}统计窗体核心代码：privateIGeometrypGeometry=null;privateIMapControl3mapControl=null;publicStatisForm(IGeometrypGeometry,IMapControl3mapControl,Imageimage){InitializeComponent();this.pGeometry=pGeometry;this.mapControl=mapControl;this.pictureBox1.Image=image;}privatevoidbutton1_Click(objectsender,EventArgse){if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(boBox1.Text)){MessageBox.Show("请选择操作图层");return;}DealQueryLayer(boBox1.SelectedIndex);}privatevoidDealQueryLayer(Int32index){ILayerlayer=this.mapControl.get_Layer(index);StringBuilderbuilder=newStringBuilder();stringareaText=string.Format("面积:{0}\r\n",GetArea(pGeometry));builder.Append(areaText);IDictionary<string,double>results=FeatureDealUtil.QueryLayerAreaForUnikevalues(layerasIFeatureLayer,"地类名称",pGeometry);foreach(varresultinresults){builder.Append(string.Format("{0}:{1}\r\n",result.Key,result.Value.ToString()));}this.richTextBox1.Text=builder.ToString();}privatedoubleGetArea(IGeometrygeometry){IAreapArea=geometryasIArea;returnpArea.Area;}}1.3.3算法实现图1-2面统计结果图1-3线缓冲区统计结果1.4.实验总结地物分类统计因为运用ArcEgnine二次开发接口，所以本身并无多少复杂的算法，核心是熟悉各类开发接口，熟悉