大学英语六级阅读理解及答案

ReadingComprehensionReadingComprehensionforCET6Passage1Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit.AmIinthis?heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,Hethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief.Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.Theignorantnativesmayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssoughtpurepicturesofprimitivecultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresentonlykindlyvisionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionofanidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.1.Themainideaofthepassageis______________.[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften_________.[A]tookpictureswiththenatives[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato___________.[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.4.“Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.”Inthissentence,the“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto_______.[A]theindigenousculture[B]theWesternculture[C]theacademicculture[D]thenewsbusinessculture5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.[B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.

答案:ABBACPassage2TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswith41.Accordingtothepassage,theissueindisputeinBrazilis___________.[A]contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodifiedcrops.

[B]Brazil’sstandingintheinternationalmarket

[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection

[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms42.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilistheworld’s_____________soybeanproducer.[A]largest

[B]secondlargest

[C]thirdlargest

[D]fourthlargest43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil?[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers’health.

[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.

[C]TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm.

[D]TheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheorganizationcalledActionAid?[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymodifiedproducts.

[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemselvesforseeds.

[C]Theystronglysupportthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedproducts.

[D]Theyencouragethefarmerstoupgradetheirfarmstobiggerones.45.WhatdoestheBrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansayaboutgeneticallymodifiedproducts?[A]Geneticallymodifiedseedsshouldbebanned.

[B]Brazilgovernmentshouldcrackdownonthesmugglingofgeneticallymodifiedseeds.

[C]Thefearovertheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedsisuncalledfor.

[D]Consumersshouldfilemorelawsuitstoprotecttheirrights.答案:DBBBCPassage5TheGuidfordFour,freedlastweekafterspending15yearsinprisonforcrimestheydidnotcommit,wouldalmostcertainlyhavebeenexecutedforthepubbombingtheywereconvictedof.Theyhadthedeathpenaltybeeninforceatthetimeoftheirtrial.Theymaynowbeadecentintervalbeforethepro-hanginglobby,whichhasthesupportofthePrimeMinister,makesanotherattempttoreintroducethenoose.Reflectionsalongtheselineswereabouttheonlykindofconsolationtobederivedfromthisgrossmiscarriageofjusticewhichisnowtobethesubjectofajudicial(司法的)inquiry.Inthemeantime,defenselawyersaredemandingcompensationandhaveinmindabouthalfamillionpoundsforeachoftheirclients.Thefirstthreetobereleased-Mr.GeraldConlon,Mr.PaddyArmstrongandMs.CaroleRichardson-leftprisonwiththe34poundswhichisgiventoalldepartinginmates.Thefourth,Mr.PaulHill,wasnotreleasedimmediatelybuttakentoBelfast,wherehelodgedanappealagainsthisconvictionforthemurderofaformerBritishsoldier.Sincethisconviction,too,wasbasedonthenowdiscreditedstatementsallegedlymadetotheSurveypolice,hewasimmediatelyletoutonbail(保释).Butheleftempty-handed.Theimmediatereactiontothescandalwasreneweddemandforthere-examinationofthecaseagainsttheBirminghamSix,whoareservinglifesentencesforpubbombingsinthatcity.ThusfartheHomesecretary,Mr.DouglasHurd,isinsistingthatthetwocasesarenotcomparable;thatwhatisnowknownabouttheGuilfordinvestigationhasnorelevancetowhathappenedinBirmingham.Mr.Hurdisrighttotheextentthattherewasasmall-thoughflimsyandhotly-contested-amountofcrimeevidenceintheBirminghamcase.ThedisturbingsimilarityisthattheBirminghamSix,liketheGuilfordFour,claimthatpoliceofficersliedandfabricatedevidencetosecureaconviction.Makingscapegoats(替罪羊)ofafewroguepoliceofficerswillnotbesufficienttoeliminatetheGuilfordmiscarriageofjustice.Thesearealreadydemandsthatthelawshouldbechanged;firsttomakeitimpossibletoconvicton“confessions”alone;andsecondlytorequirethatstatementsfromaccusedpersonsshouldonlybetakeninthepresenceofanindependentthirdpattytoensuretheyarenotmadeunderpunishment.ItwasalsobeingnotedthisweekthattheGuilfordFourowetheirreleasemoretobepersistenceofinvestigativereportersthantothediligenceofeitherthejudiciaryorthepolice.Yetinvestigativereports-particularlyontelevision-haverecentlybeenaparticulartargetforthecondemnationofMrs.ThatcherandsomeofherministerswhoseemtothinkthatTVshouldbemuzzled(钳制言论的手段)inthepublicinterestandlefttogetonwithsoapoperasandquizshows.

1.Theword“noose”(Line7,Para.1)hastheclosestmeaningto________.

[A].deathpenalty[B].hanging

[C].trial[D].punishment

2.Tocompensatethemiscarriageofjustice,thedefenselawyersmay_________.

[A].demand500,000poundsfortheGuilfordFour.

[B].demand500,000poundsforeachoftheGuilfordFour.

[C].demand1,000,000poundsforeachoftheGuilfordFour.

[D].demandare-examinationoftheBirminghampubbombings.

3.Whywasthereareneweddemandforthere-examinationofthecaseagainsttheBirminghamSix?

[A].TheBirminghamSixwerebelievedtohavecriminalconnectionswiththeGuilfordFour.

[B].Thetwocasesweresimilarinthatbothwereaboutpubbombings.

[C].ThebombingsinBirminghamhappenedatthesametime.

[D].TheBirminghamSixalsoclaimedthattherewerepolicemalpractice’sintheircase.

4.Theexistinglawstatesthat________.

[A].convictionscanbemadeonconfessionsandstatementstakenbypoliceofficersfromaccusedpersonsarevalidlegalevidence.

[B].convictionscan’tbemadeonconfessionsaloneandthereshouldbeathirdpartywhentakingstatementsfromaccusedpersons.

[C].convictionscanbemadeonconfessionsandathirdpartyshouldbepresentwhentakingstatementsfromaccusedpersons.

[D].convictionscan’tbemadeonconfessionsaloneandthestatementstakenbypoliceofficersfromaccusedpersonsarevalidlegalevidence.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingpartiescontributedmosttothereleaseoftheGuilfordFour?

[A].Reporters[B].Lawyers

[C].Thepolice[D].Thejudiciary

答案:BBDAAPassage6The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodandclothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswas.unabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry'speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.1.Acountry'swealthdependsupon______.,[A].itsstandardofliving[B].itsmoney[C].itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices[D].itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment2.Theword"foremost"means______.[A].mostimportantly[B].firstly[C].largely[D].forthemostpart3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat______.[A].acountry'swealthdependsonmanyfactors[B]].theU.S.A.isoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld[C].theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion[D].naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?[A].2[B].3[C].4[D].55.Thesecondsentence.inParagraph3is______.[A].themainideaoftheparagraph[B].anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph[C].theconclusionoftheparagraph[D].notrelatedtotheparagraph答案:CAABBPassage7TheproductivityofAmericansemployedinprivatebusinesseshasdeclined.TheproductivityofworkersincountriessuchasJapanandGermanyisincreasing.Americanmachinetools,onaverage,areold,relativelyinefficient,andrapidlybecomingobsolete,whereasthoseofourcompetitorsoverseas,incomparison,arenewerandmoreefficient.Wearenolongerthemostproductiveworkersintheworld.Wearenolongertheleadersinindustrialinnovation(革新).Weareanimmenselywealthynationofeducatedmenandwomenwhoseemtohavelostsightofthefactthateverything—fromthesimplestnecessitiestothefinestluxuries—mustbeproducedthroughourowncollectivehardwork.Wehavecometoexpectautomaticincreasesinourcollectivestandardofliving,butweseemtohaveforgottenthattheseincreasesarepossibleonlywhenourproductivitycontinuestogrow.Onethingthatmustchangeistherateatwhichwesubstitutecapitalequipmentforhumanlabor.Simplyput,ourlaborforcehasincreasedatafargreaterratethanhasourstockofcapitalinvestment.Weseemtohaveforgottenthatourpastproductivitygains,toalargeextent,wererealizedfromsubstitutionsofcapitalforhumanlabor.Today,3timesasmanyrobotsarelistedascapitalassetsbyJapanesefirmsasbyUnitedStatesfirms.ThereisnodoubtthatrobotswillbecomeacommonsightinAmericanfactories.Representinganewgenerationoftechnology,robotswillreplacefactorylabormuchasthefarmtractorreplacedthehorse.Robottechnologyhasmuchtooffer.Itoffershigherlevelsofproductivityandqualityatlowercosts;inpromisestofreemenandwomenfromthedull,repetitioustoilofthefactory,itislikelytohaveanimpactonsocietycomparabletothatmadebythegrowthofcomputertechnology.1.Theword"obsolete"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans_______.[A].weak[B].old[C].new[D].outofdate2.Theauthorisanxiousabout_______.[A].hispeoplenolongertakingtheleadinindustrialinnovation[B].hiscountrynolongerbeingawealthynation[C].hispeopleforgettingtoraisetheirproductivity[D].hiscountryfallingbehindotherindustrialnations3.Accordingtotheauthor,inhiscountry_______..[A].theproportionoflaborforcetocapitalinvestmentisquitelow[B].thegrowthrateoflaborforceshouldbegreaterthanthatofcapitalinvestment[C].theproductivityincreasesshouldbeachievedbytheincreasesoflaborforce[D].capitalinvestmentshouldhaveincreasedmorerapidlythanlaborforce4.Sofarastheinfluenceonsocietyisconcerned,_______.[A].robottechnologyseemstobemuchmorepromisingthancomputertechnology[B].computertechnologyhaslesstoofferthanrobottechnology[C].robottechnologycanbecomparedwithcomputertechnology[D].robottechnologycannotbecomparedwithcomputertechnology5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoshowthat_______.[A].robotswillhelpincreaselaborproductivity[B].robotswillruleAmericanfactories[C].robotsarecheaperthanhumanlaborers[D].robotswillfinallyreplacehumansinfactories答案:DCDCAPassage8Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage;butfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthis,someobvious,someperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounce,andconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskill—onethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkind,andonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Ithinkeventeachersoflanguage,whilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccent,tendtoneglect,intheirpracticalteaching,thebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothis,andshouldgetthestudenttofeelthathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.So,thereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglish,suchasgrammarorspelling,areallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciation,therearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirst,knowledge;thesecond,technique.Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeech,andofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.Itisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguages,betweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthose,say,ofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapicture,anycommentshemaymakeonhisstudents'pronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuse,andlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetimewasted.26.Whatdoesthewriteractuallysayaboutpronouncingforeignlanguages?[A].Onlyafewpeoplearereallyproficient.[B].Nooneisreallyanexpertintheskill.[C].Therearen'tmanypeoplewhoareevenfairlygood.[D].Thereareevensomepeoplewhoaremoderatelyproficient.27.Thewriterarguesthatgoingabouttheproblemofpronunciationinthewrongwayis[A].anobviouscauseofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly[B].afundamentalconsequenceofnotspeakingwell[C].aconsequenceofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly[D].notanobviouscauseofspeakingpoorly28.Thebestwayoflearningtospeakaforeignlanguage,hesuggests,isby_______.[A].pickingitupnaturallyasachild[B].learningfromanativespeaker[C].notconcentratingonpronunciationassuch[D].undertakingsystematicwork29.Thevaluethestudentputsoncorrectspeechhabitsdependsupon_______.[A].howcloselyheattendstothematter[B].whetheritisEnglishthatisbeingtaught[C].histeacher'sapproachtopronunciation[D].theimportancenormallygiventogrammarandspelling30.Howmighttheteacherfindhimselfwastinglessontime?[A].Byspendinglessontimeonpronunciation.[B].Bymakingill-informedcommentsuponpronunciation.[C].Bynotusingbooksonphoneticsintheclassroom.[D].Bynotgivingstudentsaclearmentalpictureofthedifferencebetweensounds.答案:CCDCBPassage9Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,isheavilydependantoncertainessentialservices:forinstance,electricitysupply,water,railandroadtransport,theharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,centralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperate,thewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthisinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemthatmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanyeconomicbloodsupplies.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounions,comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistoricalreasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallines,ratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasis,whichmakeswagepolicy,democracyinindustryandtheimprovementofproceduresforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseofindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeansthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembers'disappearingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunion'smembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.1.WhyisthequestionoftradeunionpowerimportantinBritain?[A].Theeconomyisverymuchinterdependent.[B].Unionshavebeenestablishedalongtime.[C].TherearemoreunionsinBritainthanelsewhere.[D].Therearemanyessentialservices.2.Becauseoftheirout-of-dateorganizationsomeunionsfinditdifficultto______.[A].changeasindustrieschange[B].getnewmemberstojointhem[C].learnnewtechnologies[D].bargainforhighenoughwages3.Disagreementsarisebetweenunionsbecausesomeofthem[A].trytowinovermembersofotherunions[B].ignoreagreements[C].protecttheirownmembersattheexpenseofothers[D].takeoverotherunion'sjobs4.Itisdifficulttoimprovetheproceduresforfixingwagelevelsbecause______.[A].someindustrieshavenounions[B].unionsarenotorganizedaccordingtoindustries[C].only55percentofworkersbelongtounions[D].someunionsaretoopowerful5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?[A].Therearestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement.[B].Someunionshavelostmanymembers.[C].Someunionsexistintheoutdatedstructure.[D].AhigherpercentageofAmericanworkersbelongtounionsthanthatofBritishworkers.答案:AACBDPassage10It'sahotsummerday,andyou,yourfamily,andfriendsdecidetodrivetothebeachforacookout.Whenyougettothebeach,thesandandtherocksaresohotthattheyhurtyourbarefeet.Youputonsneakersinahurry.Thewaterissobrightandshininginthesunthatyoucanhardlylookatit.Whilethecharcoal(木炭)fireisstartingtoburninthecookoutstove,everyonegoesforaswim.Thewaterfeelsgood—warmatthetop,butcoolerdownaroundyourtoes.Alittlewindisblowingwhenyoucomeout.Thefireisn'tquitereadyforcookingyet,soyouplaytag(儿童捉人游戏)orread.Forlunchtherearehotdog,corn,saladandrolls,sodas,fruit,andcoffeefortheadults.Bythetimethecoffeewaterboilsandthecornandhotdogsarecooked,allthebathingsuitsaredry.Soarethetowelsspreadoutontherocks,inthesun.Lunchisgood.Justasyouarefinishing,itstartstorainsoyoupackupandrun.Butnobodymindstherain.Itwillcoolthingsoff.Atthesametimeyouwerehavingfunatthebeach,workwasbeingdone.Energyfromthesunwasdoingwork.Energy,inoneformoranother,doesalltheworkintheworld.Heatenergyfromthesundriedthetowels.Itheatedthesandandtherocks,thewaterandtheair.Itevenmadetherainandthewind.Heatfromthesundoessmallworkandbigwork,allovertheearth.Lightenergyfromthesunwasworkingonthebeachtoo.Itsuppliedthedaylight.Itlittheearthandmadethesandbrightandthewatersparkling.Thesunalsosuppliedtheenergythatgrewthefoodyouate.Plantsuselightenergyfromthesuntomakefoodforthemselves.Thefoodisakindofsugar.Itisalsoakindofenergycalledchemicalenergy.Greenplantschangelightenergyfromthesunintochemicalenergy.Plantsusesomeofthatenergyforeverydaylivingandgrowing.Theystoretherestintheirleavesandseeds,infruit,roots,stems,andberries.Thesaladandthecorn,therolls,fruit,andcoffeeallcamefromplants.Youandallanimalsdependonplantsforfood