Unit+5+Into+the+Unknown+Developing+ideas+Reading+课件【知识精讲精研】高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

Unit5Period4Reading新课导入1Workingroups.Lookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.1.Whatdifferentzonesarethereintheocean?2.Whichpartsoftheoceandoyouthinkhavebeenexplored?3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthedeepestpartoftheocean?ThedifferentzonesintheoceanareSunlightZone,TwilightZone,MidnightZoneandAbyssalZone.课堂学习2Readthepassageandfindoutwhathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.DIVINGDEEP1Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.AllofthemrepresentattemptsoverthecenturiestoexploreEarth’sfurthestcorners.AmongtheseistheEsmeralda,theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia.Today,some500yearsaftertheEsmeraldasetsail,thereislittle-ifany-landonourplanetleftunexplored.WehavemoredetailedmapsoftheMoon,andevenofVenusandMars,thanwedoofEarth'sownseabed.2Givenourlimitedknowledge,itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.AswiththediscoveryoftheEsmeralda,manyarchaeologicalfindsaremadeinshallowwatersnearthecoast.Thesemaysometimesincludewholecitiesburiedbeneaththewaves.OnesuchfindistheancientRomancityofNeápolis,discoveredoffthecoastofTunisia.BelievedtohavebeenburiedunderwaterbyatsunamiinthefourthcenturyAD,theruinsofNeápolisarealmost2,000yearsold.Theremainingstreetsandbuildingsofferawindowintoafascinatingperiodinourhistory.However,weareonlybeginningtoovercomethechallengesofpressure,darknessandextremecoldatvastdepths.Fragmentsofthepastlyingdeepbeneaththeoceansarestillwaitingtobediscovered.3Amazingbiologicaldiscoveriesarealsobeingmade.Thedarkzonesoftheoceansmaycontainupto90percentoftheplanet’sfish.Inthesewaters,morethan200metresdeep,wherelightcannotreach,areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction.Imaginebone-whitecoral6,000metresbelowtheocean’ssurface,growingattherateofonlyoneortwomillimetresperyear.Someofthesecouldbe4,000yearsold.Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye,astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparentforehead.Intheverydeepestoceantrenchesthataremorethan8,000metresbelowthesurface,thepressureisequivalentto50aeroplanesstackedoneontopofanother.Yetthereisstilllifetobefound,evenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings.Thesediscoveriesallhelpusunderstandthecapacityforlifeonourplanet,eveninthemostextremecircumstances.4Furthermore,theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources,someofwhicharecompletelynewtous.MostnotableoftheseisChina’sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstanceknownas“fireice”,undertheSouthChinaSea.Inaddition,China'sunderwatervessels,suchastheJiaolongandShenhai

Yongshi,havebeenexploringwatersatdepthsofthousandsofmetres.TheJiaolongevenholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld'stopoceanexplorers.Theresearchconductedbythesevesselsisgivingscientistsagreaterunderstandingofhowtheseabedwasformed,aswellashelpingidentifyareasfordeep-seadrilling,takingdeep-seaexplorationintoawholenewera.5Beingatoughenvironmentofcompletedarkness,enormouspressureandintensecold,theoceandepthshavelongbeenbeyondthereachofhumanexploration.However,throughcloserinternationalscientific,economicandculturalcooperation,weareallbecomingpartofaglobalmissiontoopenupourplanet'sfinalfrontier.Humankindisenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery,andtheworldbeneaththewavesmayonedaybealmostasfamiliartousasthelandwewalkupontoday.Readthepassageandfindoutwhathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.ShipwreckssuchasthatoftheEsmeralda,ruinsofancientcitieslikeNeápolis,extraordinarydeep-seacreaturessuchasbone-whitecoralandthebarreleye,andthesubstanceknownas“fireice”havebeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.Readthepassageanddivideitintoparts,thensummarisethemainideaofeachpart.Part1IntroductionParagraph1AttemptsoverthecenturiestoexploreEarth’sfurthestcornersPart2BodyParagraphs2~4Explorationoftheoceansleadingtodiscoveriesinvariousscientific,biologicalfieldsandnaturalresourcesPart3ConclusionParagraph5Humankindisenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery.LearningtolearnAsyouread,noticethediscoursemarkersusedinthetext,eginaddition,also,however,furthermore,aswellas.Thesemarkersfunctionlikeroadsigns,helpingyouconnectideasandunderstandthewriter’sattitudeandopinions.3Thinkaboutthestructureofthepassageandcompletethediagram.Answers:

1deepsea2Archaeological3shallowwaters4vastdepths5theruinsofNeápolis6Biological7theplanet'sfish8thecapacityforlifeonourplanet9bone-whitecoral10thebarreleye11lifetobefoundevenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings12theseabed13deep-seadrilling14“fireice”15China’sunderwatervesselsThinkShare1Whydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?2Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.3Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?4Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?1Whydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?2Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.3Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?4Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?Theuseofstatisticsmakesthepassagemoreconvincing.Bothpassagesconveythemessagethathumanshavethedesireandmeanstoexploretheunknown.Thefirstpassagedoesthisbylookingatourfascinationwithhistory’sgreatestmysteries,whilethesecondpassagelooksatpioneeringexplorationofEarth’soceans.1.Lookatthediagrambelowandbrainstormexamplesofhowoceanexplorationaffectsyourdailylife.2Organiseyourtalkbycompletingthediagramwithyourexamples.3Giveyourtalktotheclass.4Workingroups.Giveatalkabouttheinfluencesofoceanexplorationonyourdailylife.InfluencesofoceanexplorationTradeandeconomyTransportandtravelFoodandnaturalresourcesCulturalexchangeEnvironmentandconversationNowthinkabouthowwellyoucontributedtothegroupworkandwhatyoucoulddotoimprove.Languagepoints1.Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。

本句为倒装结构，句中的Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobe放在句首表示强调。2.AmongtheseistheEsmeralda,theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia.其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。。

本句使用了全倒装句式。Esmeralda为主句，theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia作主语的同位语。3.Today,some500yearsaftertheEsmeralda

setsail,thereislittle-ifany-landonourplanetleftunexplored.如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有500多年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地已经少之又少了。(1)setsail起航e.g.Thewindwastoostrongfortheshiptosetsailontime.风太大，船无法准时起航。(2)本句中ifany为一种省略形式，补充完整是ifthereisany表示“如果有的话”。某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配：

ifpossible如果可能的话

ifonly

要是……就好了

ifever如果有过的话

ifnot

如果不的话

Whatif...?如果……怎么办？

Whynot?

为什么不呢？

Whatfor?为什么？

when/wherenecessary必要的时候/地方4.WehavemoredetailedmapsoftheMoon,andevenofVenusandMars,thanwedoofEarth'sownseabed.然而，我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。

本句中than引导比较状语从句，其中do代替实意动词have，从而以避免和主句的谓语动词have重复。5.Givenourlimitedknowledge,itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.

基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。(1)本句中的Given表示“考虑到”的意思。

(2)it为形式主语，真正的主语为thatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields。为了避免句子头重脚轻，故用it作形式主语，这种用法在英语中很常见。6.Inthesewaters,morethan200metresdeep,wherelightcannotreach,areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction.在200多米以下、阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是刚从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。

本句为一个复合句，其中包含了两个定语从句，分别是：非限制性定语从句wherelightcannotreach，修饰先行词waters；限制性定语从句thatappearasiftheyarestraight

outofsciencefiction，修饰先行词creatures，asif引导了表语从句。7.Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye,astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparentforehead.

漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。

分词短语引导完全倒装句；that引导定语从句。8.Intheverydeepestoceantrenchesthataremorethan8,000metresbelowthesurface,thepressureisequivalentto50aeroplanesstackedoneontopofanother.

在海平面以下8,000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。

(1)that引导定语从句；

(2)equivalentadj.相等的，相同的

n.相等的东西；等量；对应词beequivalentto等于……；相当于……（to是介词）e.g.Eightkilometresisroughlyequivalenttofivemiles.八公里约等于五英里。

(3)stackv.（使）放成整齐的一叠（或一摞、一堆）

n.一叠，一摞，一堆e.g.Theywerebusystackingtheshelveswithgoods.他们正忙着摆货物上架呢。I’vegotstacksofworktodo.

我有一大堆活儿要做。9.TheJiaolongevenholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld'stopoceanexplorers.

“蛟龙”号甚至创造了载人潜舰的最深