2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案16必修4Unit1Womenofachievement练习含解析新人教版

2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案16必修4Unit1Womenofachievement练习含解析新人教版必修四Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·湖北省荆门市高三联考)MaryAnningwasanEnglishfossilcollector,dealerandpaleontologist(古生物学家).Herfossil-huntinghelpedchangethewaypeoplethoughtabouttheworld.MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21,1799.ShelivedintheseasidetownofLymeRegis,inDorset.Thefamilyhadninechildren.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.Marydidnotgotoschoolmuch.Herfamilywastoopoor.Andschoolsdidnotteachchildrenaboutfossils.Marycouldreadandwrite.Shetaughtherself.Shelearnedaboutrocksandhowbodiesaremade.In1811whenMaryandJosephwerefossilhunting,Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.Maryhadahammertochipawayattherock.Verycarefullysheuncoveredit.Shefoundthefirstcompletefossiloftheichthyosaur(鱼龙)．Sincethen,Marybecamecrazyaboutfossilhunting.Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind,rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble.Itwaseasytospotfossils.MostdaysMarywentfossilhuntingwithherdog,Tray.RichfriendshelpedMarybysellingfossilsforher.Theysenthermoney.Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.OnegoodfriendwasWilliamBuckland,aprofessoratOxfordUniversity.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils,stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors.MaryAnningdiedin1847.Howevolution(进化)workswasexplainedbyCharlesDarwinnotlongafterMarydied.Herfossilshadhelpedscientistsunderstandhowthingsbegan.文章大意：这是一篇人物传记。短文叙述了英国化石收藏家、商人和古生物学家玛丽·安宁的故事。1．WhydidMary'sfathertakehischildrenalongthebeach？BA．Toenjoylife.B．Tomakealiving.C．Tolookforfossils.D．Toteachthemaboutfossils.解析：推理判断题。由第二段“MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21,1799.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.”可知，1799年5月21日，玛丽出生于英国一个贫穷的家庭。玛丽的父亲经常带着他的孩子们沿着海滩走。他们捡贝壳和石头卖给游客。所以玛丽的父亲带孩子们去海边是为了谋生。故选B项。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutMary？DA．Herfatherwasapaleontologist.B．Herfathereducatedherathome.C．Shehadninebrothersandsistersinall.D．Shemightbepopularatthattime.解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils,stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors”可知，科学家写信要来拜访她。玛丽还开了一家商店出售化石、石头和贝壳且与到访的游客聊一些关于化石的信息。所以通过关键词“Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.Shechattedwithvisitors.”可以判断出，在那个时候她很有名，很受欢迎。故选D项。3．Whowasthefirstonetocatchsightoftherockcontainingthefirstcompleteichthyosaurfossil？DA．CharlesDarwin. B．Mary'sdog.C．Mary. D．Joseph.解析：细节理解题。由第三段“In1811whenMaryandJosephwerefossilhunting,Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.”可知，1811年，当玛丽和约瑟夫在寻找化石时，约瑟夫看到一根骨头从岩石中伸出来了。所以约瑟夫是第一个看到含有第一个完整鱼龙化石的人。故选D项。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crumble”inthefourthparagraphmeans？AA．Break. B．Shake.C．Float. D．Dive.解析：词义猜测题。由第四段“Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind,rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble.Itwaseasytospotfossils.”可知，暴风雨过后她喜欢在海滩上寻找化石。风、雨、浪使岩石变得碎裂，很容易发现化石。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出第四段画线的“crumble”是break“破裂”的意思。故选A项。B(2023·菏泽市6月训练)DaphneSoares,abiologist,makesanamazingdiscoveryaboutalligators(短吻鳄).Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.Itwasthenthatshenoticeditsfacewascoveredwithlittleblackspots.Thisledtothediscoveryofthelittleblackdots.Shestartedherstudyoftheblackdots.Whenshereadthebooksandthescientificjournals,shelearnedthatpeoplehadnoticedthedots,butnoonereallyknewwhatthedotswerefor.Tofindoutthesecret,sheplacedelectrodes(电极)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(电流).Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.Shetriedtoseeifthedotsactedlikeeyesandtemperaturesensors,butnothingworked.Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator'stank.Whensheputherhandinthetanktogetthetoolout,shemadesmallwavesinthewater.Whentheyreachedthealligator'sface,sheheardanoiseoverthespeaker.Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.Sheistryingtolearnwhethertheyareblindfrombirthorlosetheirsightastheygrowup.Sheisalsodoingmoreresearchoncrocodilians.Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.文章大意：本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自然”。文章讲述了生物学家达芙妮·索雷斯(DaphneSoares)偶然发现短吻鳄脸上小黑点的作用的故事，以及她在其他方面的研究工作。5．WhydidDaphneSoaresfirstgetclosetothealligator？DA．Toobserveitsblackdots.B．Tofindthesecretofitsdots.C．Tohelpotherstoholditup.D．Topreventitfrommoving.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.”可知，达芙妮·索雷斯第一次近距离接触短吻鳄是因为要帮忙按住它。故选D项。6．WhathappenedwhenDaphneSoaresfirstputelectrodesonthenervesofsomeblackdots？AA．Alittlenoisewassentout.B．Anelectriccurrentcreatedamessage.C．Thenerveswereonfiresuddenly.D．Thenervessensedtemperaturechanges.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whenthenervesfired，theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(电流)．Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.”可知，通电之后通过扬声器她听到了细小的声音。故选A项。7．HowdidDaphneSoaresfirstfindthefunctionofalligators'blackdots？CA．Byexperiment. B．Byreference.C．Byaccident. D．Bycomparison.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段描述的达芙妮·索雷斯发现短吻鳄脸上斑点作用的过程可推知，她是通过一次小意外发现的(她不小心把一个工具掉进了短吻鳄所在的水池里，她伸手进去拿的时候引起了涟漪，涟漪碰到短吻鳄的脸，然后她听到扬声器发出了声音)。故选C项。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？BA．Cavefishlosesightastheygrowup.B．DaphneSoaresdevotesherenergytoresearchwork.C．Alligators'genesarethesameascrocodilians'.D．DaphneSoaresdiscoveredanewspeciesofalligator.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段内容可知，达芙妮·索雷斯除了研究短吻鳄，还在研究洞穴鱼，并对鳄目动物进行更多的研究工作，由此可知，达芙妮·索雷斯把自己的精力投入到研究工作中。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2021·济南五校联考)WandaAustin,aninternationallycelebratedengineerandaerospaceindustry(航空航天工业)leader,hasbeenapartoftheSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)industrysinceherearliestprofessionaldaysworkingatRockwellInternational.1.E.Raisedinalow-incomeneighborhoodintheBronx,Dr.Austinalwaysfavoredmathinschoolaboveallelse;shefoundcormfortinthefactthatmath'sanswerscouldn'tbeargued.2.D.Itwasn'tuntilshestartedworkingasanengineeringtutorwhenreceivingthehighereducationthatsherealizedwhatshereallywantedtobeoccupiedin：STEM.AustinbeganworkingatAerospaceasoneofthefewfemaleengineers,atrendthathasn'tchangedmuchbetweenherstartatthecompanyin1982andnow.3.C.ThesuccessintheGPSsatelliteAirForcecommunicationsandthePentagon'sglobalnetworkofstrategiccommunications,allledtohereventualpromotiontoCEOandPresidentofAerospace.4.A.HermostrecentcommitmentistomotivatethenextgenerationoflearnerstostudySTEMdisciplines,asshehopestoserveasarolemodelforyoungwomenandminoritieslookingtogodownsimilarpaths.Andshe'sstartedprogramstostrengthenSTEMlearningforeveryone.Austin'sadviceforaspiringengineersisaroundsomethingyoumightnotexpect.5.B.Toher,itisjustasimportanttostudyasitistobeabletotalkabouttheimpactoftheSTEMworktothoseoutsideofthedisciplines.A．Dr.AustinpaysgreatattentiontotheeducationB．ShehighlightsthevirtueofstrongcommunicationC．Still,sheachievedaseriesofimpressiveperformancesD．ThepassiondroveherundergraduateandgraduatestudiesE．HerloveforSTEMbeganlongbeforethestartofhercareerF．Dr.AustinisneveronetoshyawayfromadifficultchallengeG．MaybeherinitiativeswillbeenoughtoinspirethenextgenerationofSTEMleaders文章大意：本文是记叙文，主题是“人与社会”。文章介绍了国际知名的工程师和航空航天工业方面的领袖人物WandaAustin的学习经历、所取得的成就等。解析：1．考查承上启下句。空前一段提到了Austin在STEM方面的成就，空后讲述在从事专业领域前，她与STEM的渊源，故E项“HerloveforSTEMbeganlongbeforethestartofhercareer”承接上下文，符合语境。2．考查细节支撑句。空前提到“Dr.Austinalwaysfavoredmathinschoolaboveallelse；shefoundcomfortinthefactthatmath'sanswerscouldn'tbeargued.”，D项是这一内容的顺承，符合语境，且D选项中的“undergraduateandgraduatestudies”与空后的“thehighereducation”呼应。3．考查承上启下句。由后一句可知，此处叙述Dr.Austin在公司中工作出色，取得了一系列成就，与空前一句谈到的“Austin是公司为数不多的几个女性工程师之一”形成轻微的转折关系，故C项符合语境。4．考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“HermostrecentcommitmentistomotivatethenextgenerationoflearnerstostudySTEMdisciplines...godownsimilarpaths”“strengthenSTEMlearningforeveryone.”可知，本段强调Dr.Austin为教育付出了很多，A项能概括段落内容。5．考查细节支撑句。根据空后的“itisjustimportanttostudy...talkabouttheimpactoftheSTEMworktothoseoutsideofthedisciplines.”可知，Dr.Austin认为学习知识和沟通一样重要，所以她也很重视沟通，B项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·山东省六地市联考)FionaKolbinger,a2-year-oldGermancyclistwithlittleexperiencein1.competitive(compete)cycling,tooktheworldbysurprisewhenshebecamethefirstfemaletowintheTranscontinentalRaceonAugust6,2019.Shecompleted2.atotalof2,485milesfromBulgariatoFrancein10days,2hours,and48minutes.Thisyear'sracestartedonJuly27th,2019.Intherace,thecompetitorshadtodecidefor3.themselves(they)where,when,andhowmuchtheyateandslept.Theyalsohadtorideintemperatures4.that/whichrangedfrom4℃to37℃andendurefreezingrain,thunderstorms,andheatwaves.TheTranscontinentalRace5.wasfounded(found)in2013bytheBritishcyclistMikeHall.Therace,6.thought(think)tobeoneofthehardestofitskind,challengesnotonlyracers'cyclingskillsandendurance(耐力),butalsotheirrouteplanningandtimemanagementskills.Also,different7.fromothercyclingcompetitionswheretheroutesare8.carefully(careful)laidout,theTranscontinentalRacerequirescompetitorstoplantheirowncourse.Theonly9.requirement(require)istocheckinatfourstops,locatedatvariouspointsalongtheway.10.Tomake(make)sureallcompetitorsundergosomeofthesamechallenges,eachcheckpointisfollowedbydemandingterrain(地形)．文章大意：本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。2019年theTranscontinentalRace落下帷幕。德国女选手FionaKolbinger以10天2小时48分的成绩夺冠，成为这个比赛的第一位女性冠军。1．考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语。2．考查冠词。此处表示总路程，应该用atotalof“共计……”。故填a。3．考查代词。主语是thecompetitors，此处表示选手必须自己做决定，因此应该用they的反身代词形式themselves。4．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词temperatures后跟一个限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，表示物，故用that/which。5．考查动词的时态和语态。TranscontinentalRace和found之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语in2013可知此处应用一般过去时。6．考查非谓语动词。过去分词在此表被动，作定语，修饰Therace。7．考查介词。根据句意，这个自行车赛的选手要自己规划行车路线，这与其他严格规定路线的自行车赛不一样。故填介词from。8．考查副词。此处修饰动词，应用副词形式。9．考查名词。根据前面的Theonly和后面的is可知，空处要填名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“要求”。故用requirement。10．考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为保证所有的选手都经历一些同样的挑战”，故用不定式作目的状语。Ⅳ.短文改错(2023·陕西省榆林市第一次测试)Mymotherissixty-fiveyearold,thatdevotesherselftothewholefamilyandusthreedaughters.TodayIstillrememberclearlythattherewasthetimewhenlifewasreallyhardinaremotemountainvillage.Peopletherehadastrongprejudicethatgirlsshouldnotgotoschoolandstayathomedoinghousework.However,mymotherheldatotaloppositeviewthatherthreedaughtersshouldgeteducatednomatterwhatothersthoughtandnomatterwhathardlifewas.MymothergotlittleeducationbecausetheChineseCulturalRevolutionandshedecidednottoletthesamethingtohappentohergirls.Tohisdelight,wethreesisterswenttocollegeandgotwell-educated.Andnow,weallhaveourjobsandourownhappyfamilies.WearesuchgratefulforwhatMumhasdoneforus.答案：Mymotherissixty-fiveeq\o(year,\s\do8(years))old,eq\o(that,\s\do8(who))devotesherselftothewholefamilyandusthreedaughters.TodayIstillrememberclearlythattherewaseq\o(the,\s\do8(a))timewhenlifewasreallyhardinaremotemountainvillage.Peopletherehadastrongprejudicethatgirlsshouldnotgotoschooleq\o(and,\s\do8(but))stayathomedoinghousework.However,mymotherheldaeq\o(total,\s\do8(totally))oppositeviewthatherthreedaughtersshouldgeteducatednomatterwhatothersthoughtandnomattereq\o(what,\s\do8(how))hardlifewas.Mymothergotlittleeducationbecauseeq\o(∧,\s\do8(of))theChineseCulturalRevolutionandshedecidednottoletthesamethingtohappentohergirls.Toeq\o(his,\s\do8(her))delight,wethreesisterswenttocollegeandgotwell-educated.Andnow,weallhaveourjobsandourownhappyfamilies.Weareeq\o(such,\s\do8(so))gratefulforwhatMumhasdoneforus.解析：1．考查名词。句意：我的妈妈65岁了。sixty-fiveyearsold“65岁”。故year→years。2．考查定语从句。句意：我的妈妈65岁了，她把自己奉献给整个家庭以及我们三个女儿。这里构成非限制性定语从句，用who指代妈妈。故that→who。3．考查冠词。句意：今天，我仍然很清楚地记得有一段时期，在遥远的乡村生活真的很困难。这里的time是可数名词，表示“时期”。故the→a。4．考查连词。句意：那儿的人们有很强的偏见，认为女孩不应该去上学而应该待在家里做家务活。根据句意可知and→but。5．考查副词。句意：然而，我的妈妈有完全不同的观点。用副词totally修饰形容词opposite。故total→totally。6．考查副词。句意：她的三个女儿应该受到教育，无论别人怎么想，无论生活多么的困难。用表示程度的副词修饰形容词hard。nomatterhowhardlifewas“无论生活多么困难”。故what→how。7．考查介词短语。句意：由于文化大革命，我的妈妈没有受过什么教育。because后加句子，becauseof后接theChineseCulturalRevolution。故because后加of。8．考查固定句式。句意：她决定不让同样的事情发生在她的女儿身上。letsb.dosth.“让某人做某事”。故删掉happen前面的to。9．考查代词。句意：令她高兴的是，我们三姐妹都考上了大学，受到很好的教育。很明显，这里是“令妈妈高兴的是”。故his→her。10．考查副词。句意：我们很感激妈妈为我们做的一切。so后接形容词grateful。故such→so。必修四Unit2WorkingthelandⅠ.完形填空(2023·吉林省吉林市高中毕业班第一次调测)WhenIbecameajunior,IdecidedtotakeLatinatschool.Iwasso1.Cabouttakingthatclass,andIwasfullyexpectingtobeableto2.DeverywordI'devercomeacrossonceIlearnedLatin.ButLatinclasswasso3.B.Eachday,theteacherMr.Keadywouldaskustoopenour4.DandrecitealoudthevariousLatinformsofwords.Thisbecamethe5.Aeveryday.Thatwasuntilmyhand6.Doneafternoonwhenwewereaskedyetagaintoopenourbooks.WhenMr.Keadyaskedwhatwaswrong,I7.BwhyIthoughtthathisclasswasdull,howIhadexpectedmore,andthathismethodofteachingwas8.C.WhenIfinishedspeaking,I9.AMr.Keadytoangrilysendmetotheheadteacher.Butinstead,hesatathisdeskquietly,lookingdefeatedandtired.Afterseveralmomentsof10.B，Mr.Keadyspoke.Hequietlyandfirmlysaidthathewould11.CcarefullyaboutwhatI'dsaid.Andthatwasit.Inthefollowingweeks,Latinclassdidn'tbecometheexcitinglearningenvironmentI12.Ditwould,butMr.Keadydidtryharder.Hebroughtinsomenewworksheetsand13.Atoinvolveusstudentsmoreinhisclasses.Maybesomepeoplewould14.BwhatIdid,butevensomanyyearslater,Ifeelbadaboutit.IfIsawhimnow,I'dtellhimhowI15.AwhatI'ddonethatdayinclass,andthatIwasdisrespectful.Andatthesametime,I'dalsotellhimthathetaughtmeawonderful16.Cthatday.Followingmy17.Awords,heshowedmethatbeing18.Bdoesn'tmeanyouhavetogiveawayyourdignity.Indeed,MrKeady's19.Dprovedthatnomatterhowhurtyoufeel,noonecan20.Cyourdignity.文章大意：本文为一篇叙议结合的文章。讲述了作者在拉丁语课堂上，因为认为老师教学方法枯燥而当场提出意见。尽管老师很伤自尊，但是在随后的教学中努力地改变自己的教学方式。多年以后，作者反思自己的做法，对不尊重的老师行为感到后悔。同时也从老师身上学到了一个道理：不管如何受到伤害，都不要放弃自己的尊严。1．A.curious B．worriedC．excited D．careful解析：根据下句“Iwasfullyexpecting”可推知，作者对上这门课持有一种积极态度，对此是感到兴奋的，因此选C项最为恰当。2．A.connect B．describeC．notice D．understand解析：根据常识可推知，作者因为特别期待这门拉丁语课程，所以希望自己能理解遇到的每个单词，因此答案为D。3．A.complicated B．boringC．difficult D．easy解析：此句与上一段构成转折关系，而且由后文第三段“whyIthoughtthathisclasswasdull”可知，拉丁课是无趣的，因此答案为B。4．A.eyes B．mouthsC．schoolbags D．books解析：由后文“whenwewereaskedyetagaintoopenourbooks.”可知，老师是让我们打开书，大声背诵拉丁词汇，故选D。5．A.routine B．businessC．game D．project解析：由上句可知，每天老师都要求我们打开书背拉丁词汇，这成了一种惯例，因此答案为A。routine常规，惯例。6．A.spreadout B．reachedoutC．setup D．shotup解析：由下文老师问作者“what'swrong？”可推断出，老师因为看见作者举手了，才对他进行了询问，因此选D。one'shandshootsup(手)举起。spreadout展开；reachout伸出；setup建立。7．A.admitted B．explainedC．doubted D．wondered解析：由句意可知，此处为“我”向老师解释了“我”为什么认为他的课无聊。8．A.funny B．regularC．old-fashioned D．unfamiliar解析：由上半句“whyIthoughtthathisclasswasdull”以及结合上文可知，此处作者对老师的教学方式是不满的，认为这种教学方式是过时的，因此选C。9．A.expected B．remindedC．allowed D．advised解析：根据下句的转折可知，此处意思为作者预料老师会做出怎样的反应，因此答案为A。10．A.practice B．silenceC．debate D．criticism解析：由上句“hesatathisdeskquietly”可知，此处表示一段时间的沉默。11．A.consult B．talkC．think D．learn解析：由此句中老师平静但坚定的语气以及下文老师讲课方面的改变可知此处应表示：老师说他会认真考虑“我”说的内容。12．A.suggested B．promisedC．decided D．hoped解析：由上下文可知，作者希望、期望老师的教学方式能够改变，故选D。13．A.tried B．happenedC．managed D．failed解析：与上半句的“broughtinsomenewworksheets”有承接关系，此处表示老师努力促进同学们积极参与课堂活动，因此答案为A；而从上文“Inthefollowingweeks,Latinclassdidn'tbecometheexcitinglearningenvironmentIhopeditwould,butMr.Keadydidtryharder”可知，老师尽管努力改变，但并不是很成功，故排除C。14．A.blame B．applaudC．recall D．ignore解析：blame责备，谴责；applaud拍手喝彩，称赞；recall回忆，回想；ignore不理睬。由下句的转折可推知此处表示：或许有些人会为我做的事情喝彩。15．A.regretted B．appreciatedC．believed D．feared解析：由上一段“IfeelbadaboutwhatIdidit.”可知，作者对此是感到后悔的，因此答案为A。16．A.experience B．theoryC．lesson D．principle解析：由下文作者对尊严的感悟可知，老师给作者上了精彩的一课，教给作者一个人生的道理，故选C。17．A.unkind B．impatientC．curious D．proud解析：由上文可知，作者当着全班学生的面，指责他讲的课无聊，对他的教学方式表示不满意，所以对老师来说，这是“不友好的”话语，故选A。18．A.stopped B．woundedC．celebrated D．judged解析：由上文老师的态度以及下一段“nomatterhowhurtyoufeel”内容可知，被伤害并不意味着放弃了尊严。19．A.answer B．solutionC．decision D．response解析：由上一句“Followingmyunkindwords,heshowedmethat”可知，此处是指老师对作者无礼言语的回应，因此答案为D。20．A.takeover B．taketoC．takeaway D．takeup解析：这里对应上一段的“being18doesn'tmeanyouhavetogiveawayyourdignity”。takeaway拿走，剥夺；takeover接管；taketo喜欢；takeup拿起，开始从事，占据(时间、地方)，继续，接受(挑战等)。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2023·广西南宁二中、柳州高中高三上学期第一次联考)Americaistheworld'slargestfoodexporter.Buttheworstdroughtinhalfacenturyishittingcornandwheatharvests.ThedroughtacrossthecentralUnitedStatesaddstoconcernsaboutworldfoodsuppliesandpricesinthecomingyears.Expertssayby2050,theworldwillhavetoproduceatleastsixtypercentmorefoodtofeedapopulationgrowingbiggerandbigger.China,amajorfoodimporter,islookingforproducersaroundtheworldtoguaranteefuturefoodsupplies.ChinahasinvestedinfoodproductioninAustraliaandNewZealand.AnewsourceofsupplyisUkraine.UkrainewasknownasthebreadbasketofEuropebecauseofrichcornandwheatharvestsacenturyago.GalynaKovtokischiefexecutiveofUkraine'slargestagriculturalbusiness,ULF.ShepredictsthatwithinafewmonthshercompanywillbeapprovedtoexportcorntoChina.ThatwillmakeUkrainethefirstcountryoutsidetheAmericastodoso.ULFwillsoonhavealmosttwomilliontonsofelevatorstoragecapacityasitpreparesfortheChinesemarket.Chinesemoneyisfinancingthebuildingofsixgrainelevators.Butthecompany'sequipmentislargelyAmerican,includinghalf-million-dollarJohnDeerecombinestoharvestwheat.ULF'Sgrainproductionperhectare(公顷)isnowhalfwaybetweenUkrainianaveragesandthehighyieldsoftheAmericanMidwest.Butfarmingdependsontheweather.AcrosstheBlackSearegion—inUkraine,RussiaandKazakhstan—droughtthisyearispushingharvestsdownbyfifteentotwentypercent.Traditionally,theBlackSearegionisthemainsourceofwheatforNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Butthisyear,onthesupplyside,Russiamayhavetostopexports.And,onthedemandside,AfricaandtheMiddleEastarenowcompetingwithChina.Atthesametime,anewreportsayslargepartsofAsiamayfacelongperiodsofseveredroughtwithintenyears.ItsaysnorthernChina,India,Afghanistan,MongoliaandPakistanwillbeespeciallyhardhit.ItsaysotherpartsofAsiaarelikelytofacelongerandwettermonsoonseasons(雨季)becauseofclimatechange.文章大意：这是一篇农业报道。文章主要讲了美国是世界上最大的粮食出口国。但是半个世纪以来最严重的干旱正在影响玉米和小麦的收成。美国中部的干旱加剧了人们对未来几年世界粮食供应和价格的担忧。亚洲大部分地区可能在10年内面临长期的严重干旱。1．WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatinthefutureA.A．foodsupplieswillbecomeabigworryB．cornandwheatwillbethemostimportantfoodC．priceswillbeabletochangeourfoodpatternsD．cornandwheatharvestswillchangethewholeworld解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Americaistheworld'slargestfoodexporter.Buttheworstdroughtinhalfacenturyishittingcornandwheatharvests.ThedroughtacrossthecentralUnitedStatesaddstoconcernsaboutworldfoodsuppliesandpricesinthecomingyears.”(美国是世界上最大的粮食出口国。但是半个世纪以来最严重的干旱正在影响玉米和小麦的收成。美国中部的干旱加剧了人们对未来几年世界粮食供应和价格的担忧。)由此推断出，从第一段我们可以得知，未来的粮食供应将成为一个大问题。故选A。2．WhichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbyParagraph2？DA．Theworldwillsurelyproducemorefoodby2050.B．Chinaisproducingmorefoodinthecomingyears.C．Alargepopulationmayproducemoresupplies.D．Chinaisnowseekingproducersallovertheworld.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“China,amajorfoodimporter,islookingforproducersaroundtheworldtoguaranteefuturefoodsupplies.”(作为一个主要的粮食进口国，中国正在世界各地寻找生产商，以保证未来的粮食供应。)由此可知，中国现在正在世界各地寻找生产商。故选D。3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue？CA．Chinaisinvestinginfoodproductioninforeigncountries.B．TheBlackSearegionisrichinwheat.C．ULFproducesmoregrainperhectarethantheAmericanMidwestdoes.D．Droughtisoneofthereasonsthataffectthewheatharvest.解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“ULF'Sgrainproductionperhectare(公顷)isnowhalfwaybetweenUkrainianaveragesandthehighyieldsoftheAmericanMidwest.”(ULF每公顷的粮食产量现在是乌克兰平均值和美国中西部高产量的一半。)可知C选项“ULF每公顷的粮食产量比美国中西部还多”描述错误。故选C。4．Whereisthetextmostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom？BA．Abookreview. B．Anagriculturereport.C．Atourplan. D．Anadvertisement.解析：文章出处题。根据最后一段“Atthesametime,anewreportsayslargepartsofAsiamayfacelongperiodsofseveredroughtwithintenyears.”(与此同时，一份新的报告说，亚洲大部分地区可能在10年内面临长期的严重干旱。)结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了美国是世界上最大的粮食出口国。但是半个世纪以来最严重的干旱正在影响玉米和小麦的收成。美国中部的干旱加剧了人们对未来几年世界粮食供应和价格的担忧。由此推断出，这篇文章最可能来自一篇农业报道。故选B。Ⅲ.阅读七选五(2023·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)Youmayhavegrownuplivingwithlotsofsiblings,orthismaybeyourfirsttimesharingyourlivingspacewithsomeoneelse.1.GFollowthesetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear(orevenyears)!Beclearaboutyourexpectationsfromthebeginning.Doyouknowinadvancethatyouhateitwhensomeonehitsthesnoozebutton(贪睡闹铃)fifteentimeseverymorning?Thatyou'reaneatfreak(怪人)?Thatyouneedtenminutestoyourselfbeforetalkingtoanyoneafteryouwakeup?2.FIt'snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway,andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystoavoidproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.Addressproblemswhenthey'relittle.Isyourroommatealwaysforgettingherthingsfortheshower,andtakingyours?3.EAddressingthingsthatannoyyouwhilethey'restilllittlecanhelpyourroommatebeawareofsomethingshemaynototherwiseknow.Andaddressinglittlethingsismucheasierthanaddressingthemafterthey'vebecomebig.4.BThismayseemsimple,butit'sprobablyoneofthebiggestreasonswhyroommatesexperienceconflict.Don'tthinkhe'llmindifyouborrowhisshoesforaquicksoccergame?Forallyouknow,youjuststeppedoveranuncrossableline.Don'tborrow,use,ortakeanythingwithoutgettingpermissionfirst.Bemindfulofwhoyoubringintoyourroom—andhowoften.5.CButyourroommatemaynot.Bemindfulofhowoftenyoubringpeopleover.Ifyourroommatestudiesbestinthequiet,andyoustudybestinagroup,canyoualternatewhohitsthelibraryandwhogetstheroom?A．Beopentonewideasandexperiences.B．Respectallthethingsthatbelongtoyourroommate.C．Youmaylovehavingyourstudygroupintoyourroom.D．Expecttolearn,growandchangeduringthetimeinthecollege.E．Areyourclothesbeingborrowedfasterthanyoucanwashthem?F．Letyourroommateknowassoonasyoucanaboutyourlittlepreferences.G．Havingaroommatecanbebothachallengeandagreatpartofyourcollegeexperience.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了和室友相处得愉快的几点建议。解析：1．根据空后的“Followthesetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear(orevenyears)！”可知，遵循这些建议，确保你和你的室友在一年(甚至几年)中保持愉快和支持！此处应该会提到与室友同住，这样才会引出下文的建议，故G项(与室友同住既是一个挑战，也是你大学生活的重要组成部分。)符合语境。2．空前的几个问句是关于个人喜好的，再根据空后的“communicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystoavoidproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.”可知，在问题发展成为问题之前，与室友交流你的需求是避免问题的最好方法之一，因此此处说的是尽早与室友交流你的个人喜好以避免问题的出现，故F项(尽快让你的室友知道你的小喜好。)符合语境。3．根据空前的“Isyourroommatealwaysforgettingherthingsfortheshower,andtakingyours?”可知，你的室友总是忘记带她的洗浴用品而拿了你的吗？此处承接上文，提到一个并列的问题，E项(你的衣服被借走的速度比你洗的速度快吗？)符合语境。4．此处为本段主题句，根据本段内容，特别是根据“Don'tborrow,use,ortakeanythingwithoutgettingpermissionfirst.”可知，未经允许，不要借用、使用或拿走室友的任何东西，因此本段主要讲的是要尊重室友的私人物品，故B项(尊重所有属于你室友的东西。)符合语境。5．根据空前的“Bemindfulofwhoyoubringintoyourroom—andhowoften.”可知，注意你带谁来房间以及频率，空后又说但你的室友可能不(喜欢)，But表明此处与空后形成转折关系，此处说的是你可能喜欢带别人来你们的房间，故C项(你可能喜欢你的学习小组进入你的房间。)符合语境。Ⅳ.语法填空Vegetarianism(素食主义)isbecomingonerisingtrendintheUK,asmorepeoplearedecidingnot1.toeat(eat)meatandanimalproducts.Vegetariansarepeoplewhodon'teatmeat,whilevegansarepeoplewhodon'teatoruseanyanimalproductsatall.Theselifestyles2.arebecoming(become)morewell-knownintheUK.3.WhyareBritonscuttingoutmeat?Manyareunhappyaboutthepoortreatmentofanimalsandtheeffectsofmeatandfishproduction4.ontheenvironment.5.Worries(worry)aboutfoodsafetyandfoodborneillnesses,suchasmadcowdisease,havealsoplayedapart.Otherschoosetochangetheireatinghabitsinordertobecome6.healthier(healthy)．AccordingtotheVegetarianSociety,ameat-freedietcanhelpreduce7.theriskofcertaincancers,aswellasheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Organicfarmingis8.anotherrisingtrendthatisappearingintheUK.Manypeoplearerejectinggeneticallymodified(转基因的)foodandwanttheirfoodtobe9.organically(organic)produced.Organicfarmersuseveryfewornochemicals.Organicmeat10.isproduced(produce)withouttheuseofdrugs.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国正在流行的两大趋势，即素食主义和有机农业。解析：1．考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定搭配decidenottodosth.“决定不做某事”。故用不定式作宾语。2．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义)isbecomingonerisingtrendintheUK”呼应可知，此处用现在进行时，表示现在的一种趋势，且与句子主语的复数形式保持一致。故用arebecoming。3．考查副词。与语境中的问号呼应，并结合下文的内容可推知，此处表示对原因的疑问。故用特殊疑问词Why。4．考查介词。effectonsb./sth.意为“对……有影响”，为固定搭配。故用介词on。5．考查名词的数。worry为可数名词时，意为“令人担忧的事”，且根据语境及该句中的谓语动词have可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语。6．考查形容词的比较级。为了变得更健康，其他一些人选择改变他们的饮食习惯。此处包含一个比较的概念，故用形容词比较级形式作become的表语。7．考查冠词。risk被介词短语ofcertaincancers修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。8．考查限定词。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义)isbecoming