f4考试共道选择题案例笔答题分钟阅读时间实景课秋季

OverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholePartEssentialelementsofthelegalLawandthelegalSourcesofFormationofaContentofaBreachofcontractandremedies6.ThelawoftortsandprofessionalPartThelawofOverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholePartContractofDismissalandPartTheformationandAgency12.TheformationandconstitutionofaOverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholePartofcompaniesShareLoanCapitalmaintenanceanddividendPartandregulationofcompaniesCompanyOthercompanyofficers18.CompanymeetingsandresolutionsOverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholeParttocompaniesindifficultyorincrisis19.InsolvencyandPartCriminalbehaviour20.FraudulentandcriminalOverviewOverviewofthewholeAssessmentmethodsandformatoftheAssessmentmethodsandformatoftheFormatoftheQuestionChosenanswerbasedonthebasicprinciplesoflawsandregulationsThesewillalwaysbecasestudyquestionsfortheapplicationofknowledge.TipsfortheTipsfortheF4F4考试共45道选择题，5道案例笔答题，15分为application-basedquestion。Application-basedquestion的答题方法I-IdentifythelegalissueS-StatetherelevantlawA-Applythelaw•TipsfortheTipsfortheF4•则难以简化意思完整句子小的语法错误不扣分多分段多看题（practice,practice,practice），多做题要勤动笔写，确保你知道的东西能写出来••••partpartESSENTIALELEMENTSOFTHELEGALChapterChapterEssentialelementsofthelegalSlideChapterLawandtheChapterLawandthelegalChapter••a)DefinelawanddistinguishtypesofExplainthestructureandoperationofSlideChapter1LawandChapter1LawandthelegalCourtTypesofCourtCivilCriminalcourtsEuropeancourtsCivilCriminalSlideChapter1Chapter1Lawandthelegal1.Define•Inorderforsocietytofunctioneffectivelydegreeoforderisrequired.Inoursocietyprovidesanimportantpartofthemechanismsrequiredtocreateandmaintainsocialorder.SlideChapter1Chapter1Lawandthelegal2.Distinguishtypesof••2.1CivilThisistheformofprivatelawusedbyindividualstoasserttheirrightsagainstotherindividuals,theaimbeingtoprovidecompensatoryremedies,notpunishthem.CasesareusuallycitedintheformofBrownvSlideChapter1Chapter1Lawandthelegal2.Distinguishtypesof••2.2CriminalThisisanaspectofpubliclawseekingtoregulatebehaviournotapprovedbytheState,theaimbeingtoenforcethelaw,andpunishoffenders.CrimesareoffencescommittedagainstthelawofthelandandcasesareusuallycitedintheformofRvBrown.SlideChapter1LawandthelegalDistinguishtypesof2.3Chapter1LawandthelegalDistinguishtypesof2.3DistinctionbetweenCivilandCriminalSlideofproofBalanceofBeyondreasonableGuilty/NotChapterChapter1Lawandthelegal2.DistinguishtypesofThekeyfeaturesthatdistinguishthecriminallawsystemfromthecivillawsysteminclude:Criminallawhasdistinctcourtsoffirstinstancei.e.theMagistratesandCrowncourtTheburdenofprooflieswiththeProsecutionratherthantheThestandardofproofis‘beyondreasonabledoubt’ratherthan‘inthebalanceofprobabilities’Criminallawisaformofpubliclawbroughtforactionsagainstthestate,ratherthantheprivatelawassociatedwithcivillaw.CriminallawaimstopunishThecourtshaveremediesallowingthemtopunishoffendersi.e.Prisonsentencesandfines.CriminalcasesarequotedasRvGuiltmaybedecidedbyajury,ratherthanjudgealoneasincivilChapterLawandthelegalChapterLawandthelegal3.ExplainthestructureoftheHouseofCourtofHighCountySlideChapterLawandthelegalChapterLawandthelegal3.ExplainthestructureoftheHouseofCourtofHighCrownSlideChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.ExplaintheChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.Explaintheoperationofthe•••CivilTrackproceduresSmallclaimsForclaimsofupto£5,000,partiesneednotattendtheFastForclaimsbetween£5,000-£25,000,standarddirectionsfortrialpreparationaregivenandamaximumofonedayincourtisallocatedforMultiForcaseswithavalueover£25,000,thereisnostandardprocedure.Howeverarangeofcasemanagementtoolsareusedina‘mixandmatch’waytosuitindividualcaserequirements.•••SlideChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.ExplaintheChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.Explaintheoperationofthe••4.1.2MagistratesIncivilcasesthemagistratemayhearfamilyproceedingsinadditiontohavingpowersofrecoveryinrelationtocounciltaxanddomesticbills.CountyBroadlyspeakingtheCountycourtwillhearcasesofsmallclaimsandfasttrackbasis,AsaruletheCountycourtcanhearcasesuptoavalueof£15kiftheyare‘complex’or£50kiftheyare‘simple’.CertaincasesarehoweverdeemedtooimportantforaCountycourttohear;theseincludefatalaccidentsandprofessionalnegligence.••SlideChapterLawandtheChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe•HighThemorechallengingmulti-trackcaseswillbeheardintheHighCourt.TheHighcourt,althoughbasedinLondon,mayhearcasesanywhereinEnglandandWales,andhasthreeciviladministrativedivisions:–TheQueensBenchDivision–hearscasesrelatingcontractandtort,itsjudgesarespecialistsincommercialTheChanceryDivision–hearscasesrelatingtoland,bankruptcy,companyandpartnershiplaw.TheFamilyDivision–hearsallcasesrelatedchildrenandmatrimonial––ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe••CourtofTheCourtofAppealwillhearappealsfromthethreedivisionsoftheHighCourt,thecountycourtandvarioustribunals.Theappealsproceduretakestheformofarehearingofthecase,usingatranscriptofthecaseandthejudge’snotes.Witnessesarenotre-examinedandnewevidenceisnotusuallypermitted.••SupremeJusticesoftheSupremeCourthearappealsfromtheCourtofAppeal,andoccasionallyleapfrogappealsfromtheHighChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe••EuropeanCourtofJusticeSitedinLuxembourgthefunctionoftheECJistoensurethat‘intheinterpretationandapplicationofthisTreaty,thelawisobserved’.ItistheultimateauthorityonEClaw.ThecourthearsdisputesbetweennationsandinstitutionsoftheEU.ItoperatesbyconsideringwrittenquestionssubmittedbyanyEnglishcourt,uponwhichitgivesitsdecision.ItisthenthedutyoftheEnglishcourttoapplythisdecisioninthedomesticcasebeforeThecourtconsistsof27judges,assistedby8AdvocatesGeneral.ThoughhavingthepowertooverruletheSupremeCourtpertheFactortame(1)case,thispowerisonlyinrespectofmattersconcerningEClaw.••ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe••EuropeanCourtofHumanRightsSittinginStrasbourgthisistheSupremecourtoftheCouncilofEurope,thisbeingabodyof41EuropeancountriesboundbytheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights(ECHR),andisatotallyseparatebodytotheEU.ThecourtisresponsibleforallmattersrelatingtotheinterpretationandapplicationoftheConvention.TheECtHRconsistsof41judgeswhoalthoughchosenfromeachstate,sitasindividuals.Theyaregenerallyelectedfortermsof6years.AllfinaljudgementsofthecourtarebindingonthedefendantStatesconcerned.•ChapterLawandtheChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe•••CriminalThemaincategoriesofcriminalTherearetwomaincategoriesofcriminaloffencesas–Summaryoffences–thosesubjecttomaximumpunishmentssixmonthsImprisonmentand/or£5,000Indictableoffences–thosesubjecttomaximumsentencesinexcessofsixmonthsimprisonmentand/or£5,000fine.Either-wayoffences–suchastheft,drugandsomeinvolvingviolenceagainstthepersonaretriablebyeithertheMagistratesorCrowncourt––ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe•••4.2.2Thiscourtisempoweredtotrysummaryoffenceswithoutajury,ortocommitdefendantschargedwithanindictableoffencetotheCrownCourt.AdefendantmayappealeithertheconvictionorsentencetotheCrownCourt.AlternativelyeitherthedefendantortheprosecutionmayappealbywayofacasestatedappealtotheHighCourtonapointoflaw.CrownHearsallindictablecases,andcanconfirm,reverse,oranypartofthejudgementoftheMagistrates•ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe•HighTheDivisionalCourtoftheQueen’sBenchDivisionoftheCourtwillhearcasestatedappealsonlyfromthemagistrates.CourtofAppealTheCriminalDivisionoftheCourtofAppealwillhearagainstconvictionsandsentencesimposedbytheCrownSupremeTheJusticeswillhearappealsfromeithertheprosecutionorthedefencefromeithertheCourtofAppealortheHigh••ChapterLawandthelegalLectureexampleCRIMINALVSChapterLawandthelegalLectureexampleCRIMINALVSCIVIL•FillinthefollowingInacriminalcasethe.Iffoundguiltywillfollow.IncivilcaseIfsuesthearemedywillbeawarded.Themostcommonremedy.SlideChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegalAnswertoLectureExample••••••SlideChapterLawandthelegalChapterSlideChapterLawandthelegalChapterSlide1TypesofThemaincategoriesofEnglishlawcanbedefinedasCivilandCriminal.2TheECJistheultimatesourceoflawonmattersrelatingtoEClaw,withtheECtHRreigningsupremeonallmattersrelatingtotheprotectionofcivilrights.3Thecivillawispursuedthroughthecivilcourthierarchy,withthetrackproceduresbeingimplementedtospeeduptheprogressofcasesthroughthecourts.ChapterLawandthelegalChapterLawandthelegalChapterSlide4Thecriminallawispursuedprimarilythroughthemagistratesandcrowncourts.ChapterLawChapterLawandthelegalCase1TheHouseofLordsreferredthelegitimacyoftheMerchantShippingAct1998totheECJ,givenitwasdraftedinawaythatdiscriminatedagainstSpanishfisherman.TheECJruledthattheTreatyofRomerequireddomesticcourtstogiveeffecttodirectlyenforceableprovisionsofCommunitylaw,indoingso;suchcourtsarerequiredtoignoreanynationallawthatrunscountertoCommunitylaw.IndoingsotheHouseofLordseffectivelybecameboundbythedecisionsoftheECJinsuchmatters.SlideChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal1.Danhasbeenaccusedofacriminaloffenceandisduetobetriedsoon.Hedeniesresponsibility,claimingthattheprosecutionhasnoevidencethathecommittedtheoffenceinquestion.Whichofthefollowingdescribesthestandardofproofinacriminalcase?OnthebalanceofprobabilityOnthebalanceofcertaintyBeyondreasonabledoubtBeyondevidentdoubtChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal2.InthecontextoftheEnglishlegalsystem,whichofthefollowingcourtsONLYhasciviljurisdiction?CountycourtHighCourtChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal3.InthecontextoftheEnglishlegalsystem,whichofthefollowingcourtsONLYhascriminaljurisdiction?CrownCourtCountycourtChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegalImranclaimsthatZakoweshim£1,000asresultofabreachofcontract.InwhichcourtwillImranstarthisactionagainstZak?Themagistrates’courtThecountycourtTheHighChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal•5.InwhichcourtwouldyouexpecttofindFamilyATheMagistrates'BTheCourtofQueen'sBenchCTheCountyDTheHigh•ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal•6.WithinthehierarchyofthecourtscourtorcourtsareboundbytheABCDTheCourtofAllotherAllothercourtsexcepttheCourtofAppealNoothercourtsChapterChapterSourcesofChapter2SourcesofChapter2SourcesoflawChapterGuide•ExplainwhatismeantbycaselawExplainlegislationandevaluatedelegatedIllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutes.Identifytheconceptandimpactofhumanrightslaw.•••SlideChapter2SourcesofSourcesofChapter2SourcesofSourcesofUKCommonStatutoryIntrinsicaidsExtrinsicSlideCaseChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof1.ExplainwhatismeantbycaseCaseSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof1.Explainwhatismeantbycase••CommonThisrelatestothelawcreatedbyjudgesthroughtheirapplicationoftheprinciplesofjudicialprecedent.ThisimportantsourceoflawwasdevelopedthroughtheunificationoftheEnglishlegalsystemaftertheNormanConquest,andhasaddedcertaintytotheoperationoflaw.EquityTheinitialdevelopmentofthecommonlawresultedinnumerousfaults,suchasthefailuretorecognisetrusts,andtheoperationoftheWritList.Inordertoovercometheseproblems,aseparatesourceoflawwascreatedthatheldfairnessasitsprinciple.UntiltheJudicatureActs187375equityandcommonlawwerepractisedseparatecourts.Todaytheyarepractisedinthesamecourts,andwheretwoconflictequitywillprevail,andassuchequityisreferredtoasaglosstothecommonlaw.••SlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof2.ExplainwhatismeantbyStareCourtSlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof2.Explainwhatismeantby•2.1Caselawoperatesuponthebasisofstaredecisis(tostandbyadecision),wherebyjudgesareboundbythepreviousdecisionsofjudgementsmadebythecourtsabovetheminthehierarchyasSupremecourt-bindsalllowercourts,butnotCourtofAppeal-bindsalllowercourts,andHighCourt-bindsalllowercourts,andusuallyCrown/Magistrates/Countycourtscannotcreate2.2Thenatureofprecedentitselfoperatesthroughtheinterpretationofjudgesdecisions,requiringeachdecisiontobeseparatedinto:Ratiodecidendi(thereasonforthedecision)-thisisbindingelementoftheObiterdicta(statementsmadebytheway)-thisisnotbinding,butmerelyofpersuasiveauthorityandcanbetakenintoconsiderationinlatercases.•••••••SlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof2.Explainwhatismeantby•2.3EstablishedprecedentswillnotbebindingintheOverruling-theprocedurewherebyacourthigherinthelegalhierarchysetsasidealegalrulingestablishedinapreviouscase.Asthisisadirectchallengetothebasisofstaredecisisthejudiciaryarereluctanttooverrulelongstandingauthorities.Reversing-aprocedurewherebyacourthigherinthehierarchyreversesthedecisionofalowercourtinthesameDistinguishing-aprecedentisavoidedbydemonstratingthatthematerialfactsoftwocasesarenotthesame.•••SlideChapter2Sourcesof2.ExplainwhatisChapter2Sourcesof2.ExplainwhatismeantbySlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(ExplainprimaryParliamentisdeemedtobethesupremelawmakerinUKandconsistsof3bodies,theHouseofCommons,theHouseofLords,andtheMonarch.BeforeapieceofprimaryUKlegislationispassedtwoinitialstagesmustbenegotiated:Greenpaper–publicconsultationWhitepaper–firmproposalforSlideChapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(ExplainSlidePublicChapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(ExplainSlidePublicPrivateEnablingFirstSecondCommitteeReportThirdOtherRoyalChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(Explainprimary3.3Firstreading:FormalstagetosetthedateforthesecondSecondreading:ExtensivedebatefollowedbyCommitteestage:ScrutinybystandingcommitteeofcrossReportstage:ReportingofamendmentsmadebystandingThirdreading:FurtherdebateandOnceallthesestageshavebeencompletedinbothhouses,RoyalAssentmustbegranted,whichisgivenbyreadingouttheshorttitleofanActinbothhouses.SlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(Explainprimary3.4LegislationcanbefurthercategorisedPublicacts–governmentorprivatemember’sPrivateacts–powersrelatingtoindividualsorinstitutions,suchasacompanygiventhepowertoacquirepropertythroughcompulsorypurchaseordersEnablingacts–thoseactsthatconferlegislativeabilitiestodelegatedbodiesConsolidatinglegislation–designedtobringtogetherexistingactswithoutamendingthemCodifyinglegislation–bringingtogetherexistingstatutewithcommonlawrulessuchasthePartnershipAct1890SlideChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedOrderinStatutorySlideChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationChapter2Sourcesof4.Evaluationofdelegated4.1Thosebodiesthathavebeensubjecttoenablingactsmaythemselvescreatelegislationinthefollowingways:OrdersInCouncil–createdbyanon-politicalbodyofparliamentariansknownasthePrivyCouncilStatutoryInstruments(SI’s)–createdGovernment(c)Byelaws–enactedbyLocalProfessionalregulations–suchasthosetheACCAregulatingitsSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedTheknownadvantagesofthesystemofdelegatedlegislationTimesaving–delegatedlegislationcanbeenactedquickly,bothsavingparliamentarytime,andmakingthelawresponsivetoemergenciessuchasthefootandmouthoutbreakintheUKin2001Expertise–technicalexpertisecanbeappliedbytherelevantenabledbodyFlexibility–thelawcanbequicklychangedtokeeppacewithchangesinsocietyTheknowndisadvantagesofthesystemofdelegatedlegislationAccountability–aspercaselaw,unelectedbodiesarenowresponsibleforcreatingnewlawsScrutiny–parliamentisunabletoscrutiniseindetailallnewpiecesofdelegatedlegislationBulk–over3,000statutoryinstrumentsarepassedeachyearleadingtoincreasingbureaucracyandcompliancecostsforbusinessesintheUKSlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedMostnewpiecesofdelegatedlegislationmustbelaidbeforeparliamentfor40days,automaticallybecominglawatthispointTheJointSelectCommitteereviewsallParliamentmayrevokeanenablingThecourtsmaydeclareanypieceofdelegatedlegislationvires(beyondcapacity)andSlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof5.IllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutesIntrinsicExtrinsicSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof5.IllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutesAlthoughParliamentcreatesprimarylegislationintheUK,itisthethatinterpretthestatute,therebygivingitlegaleffect.Inordertoavoiduncertaintythecourtsmayrelyonpresumptions,rules,anduseguidancefoundwithinandoutsideoftheAct.DoesnotalterthecommonThereisnoretrospectiveAnindividualwillnotbedeniedliberty,property,orTheCrownisnotInternationallawswillbenotbebrokenf)Strictliabilitywillnotbeimposedejusdemgenerisrule–whenagenerallistofwordsfollowsaexample,thelistwillbeinterpretedinthelightofthespecificexampleSlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof5.IllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutesRulesofLiteralrule–wordswillbegiventheirordinaryChappell(2)Goldenrule–wheretheapplicationoftheLiteralruleresultsinamanifestabsurdityitmaybedisregardedReSigsworth(3)Mischiefrule–thisenablesthejudgeinterpretastatuteinsuchawaytogivethestatutethelawfuleffectforwhichitwasintendedCorkeryvCarpenter(4)andDPPvBull(5)SlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof5.Illustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutes5.4IntrinsicThetitle-longorshort(considertheDangerousDogsActTheSchedulesoftheSlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof5.Illustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutes5.5ExtrinsicAReportsofSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sources6.Identifytheconceptandimpacthumanrights••6.1ItprotectsthecivilrightsandfreedomsofindividualsanditisimportanttonotethattheHRA98isonlybindingonpublic••••••••TherighttoProhibitionofProhibitionofslaveryandforcedlabourTherighttoafairtrialFreedomofthought,conscienceandreligionFreedomofexpressionTherighttoProhibitionofChapter2SourcesChapter2Sources6.Identifytheconceptandimpacthumanrights••ImpactonstatutoryItisnowacceptedthatexistingstatuteintheUKmustbeinterpretedinlightoftheHRA98.Thereisthereforethepotentialforconflictwithexistingstatute,andwherethisisthecasethecourtsmayissueastatementofincompatibility.Althoughnotinvalidatingthestatute,thestatementmaytriggerafasttrackalterationofanAct,orfortheGovernmenttoseekaderogationofthepowersoftheHRA1998ongroundsofproportionalitySimilarlyastatementofcompatibilitymustbemadeatthesecondreadingofanewAct,detailingeithercompliance,theneedforamendment,orderogation.••Chapter2SourcesChapter2Sources6.Identifytheconceptandimpacthumanrights••6.3ImpactonthecommonInamuchthesamewayitimpactsonstatute,anyapplicationofstaredecisisbythecourtsmustnowalsobeinlightofthearticlesoftheHRA98.ShouldanydecisionfromanestablisheddecidedcasebeinconflictwiththeHRA98itshouldbesetaside.AssuchthelowercourtsarenowabletodisregardtherulingsofeventheHouseofLordsinsuchChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide1CaseChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide1CaseThemaincategoriesofEnglishcivillawcanbedefinedasCommonlawandEquity,dealingwithcertaintyandfairnessrespectively.2Theoperationofstaredecisisthroughoutthecourthierarchyisthroughtheapplicationoftheratiodecidendiofajudgement,supportedbytheobiterdicta.3UKParliamentcreatesstatute,theprimarysourceofUKlegislation.StatuteiscreatedbyparliamentviaafivestepprocessChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlideChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide4Otherbodiescancreatesecondarydelegatedsourcesoflegislationsuchasstatutoryinstruments,ordersincouncil,byelaws,andprofessionalbodyrulesviaenablingacts.5Statutoryinterpretationisperformedbyjudgessubjecttothepresumptions,rulesofinterpretation,intrinsicandextrinsicaids.Chapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide6TheChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide6TheHRATheUKisamemberoftheECHR.TheHRA98bindingonpublicauthoritiesonly.CasesrelatingtotheHRA98canultimatelybeappealedtotheECtHR.Itsdecisionsarebindingonthestateinvolved.7ImpactonDomesticlaw,bothstatutoryandcommon,mustbeappliedinlightofthearticlesoftheHRA1998.TheGovernmentmayseektoamendstatute,orseekaderogationofthepowersoftheHRA98whereappropriate.8ImpactonSeeChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries1PowellvKemptonParkInPowellv.KemptonParkRacecourseitwasheldthataclausereferringtoa"house,office,roomorotherplace"excludedaringataSlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries2WhiteleyvInthiscasethedefendantwaschargedunderasectionthatmadeitanoffencetoimpersonate'anypersonentitledtovote'.Dhadpretendedtobeapersonwhosenamewasonthevoter'slist,buthaddied.TheCourtheldthathewasnotguiltysinceadeadpersonisnot,intheliteralmeaningofthewords,'entitledtovote'.SlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries3ReAsonhadmurderedhismother.Themotherhadnotmadeawill,butinaccordwithrulessetoutintheAdministrationofJusticeAct1925hernextofkinwouldinherit(whowastheson).TherewasnoambiguityinthewordingoftheAct,butthecourtwasnotpreparedtoletamurdererbenefitfromhiscrime.Soitwasheldthattheliteralruleshouldnotapply,thegoldenrulebeingusedtopreventarepugnantsituation.SlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries4CorkeryvDwaschargedforbeingdrunkwhileinchargeofabicycleonthehighway.Courtheldthatbicyclewasa‘carriage’forthepurposeofs.12oftheLicensingAct1872.ThepurposeoftheActwastopreventpeoplewhoareinastateofintoxicationtouseanyformoftransportonpublicroads.SlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesofCaseSummaries5DPPvThedefendantwaschargedthathe,beingacommonprostitutedidloiterinastreetorpublicplaceforthepurposeofprostitution,contrarytos.1(1)oftheStreetOffencesAct1959.Attheconclusionoftheprosecutioncasethestipendiarymagistrateupheldasubmissionbydefencecounselthattherewasnocasetoansweronthebasisthats.1(1)appliedonlytofemaleprostitutes.Ineffectthe1959ActreferredtoamischiefthatcouldonlybecommittedbyawomanSlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries6PeppervTheHouseofLordsacceptedthatthecourtscanrefertoHansardwherelegislationis(a)ambiguous(b)statementsaremadebyaministerorpromoteroftheBill(c)thestatementsreliedonareclear.SlideChapter2SourcesoflawLectureexample1.WhatdoesChapter2SourcesoflawLectureexample1.Whatdoesthe“GoldenRule”ofstatutoryinterpretationAWordsshouldbegiventheirordinaryBThemeaningofthewordscanbegatheredfromtheirWordsshouldbegiventhemeaningwhichislikelyCgiveeffecttothepurposeorreformwhichthestatuteDWordsshouldbegiventheirordinarymeaningunlesstheresultismanifestlySlideChapt