时文阅读与练习4篇（含答案）-2023届高三英语复习备考

时文阅读：奶牛打嗝会加剧全球变暖？

每当提到温室效应，人们总是很自然地想到工业废气，汽车尾气排放等。但是，

你知道吗？一头高产奶牛一年的温室气体排放量其实不低于一辆小汽车一年的废气

排放量。截至目前，全球养殖的牛高达15亿头，可想而知，它们对世界气候的影响

有多大！近日，新西兰一项大型科学项目正在研究如何减少奶牛打嗝排放的甲烷气

体量以缓解全球变暖。他们会提出哪些方法？让我们一起来看看吧。

阅读短文并回答问题

ScientistsinNewZealandarelookingforwaystostopcowsfromburping（打嗝）.A

burpiswhenananimalreleasesgasfromitsdigestivesystemthroughitsthroat.Tosome,

acowburpmightseemlikeasmallthing.ButinNewZealand,cowsoutnumberpeople

twotoone.

Cowsdonoteasilydigestthegrasstheyeat.Instead,theyfermentitinmultiple

partsoftheirstomach.Theprocessreleasesalotofmethane（甲烷）gas.Thegasdoesnot

lastaslongintheatmosphereascarbondioxide,butithasamuchstrongereffecton

globalwarming.

Toreducetheamountofgasthatcomesoutofcows,scientistsinNewZealandare

consideringchangingthefoodtheanimalseat,puttingadeviceoncowsthatchanges

methaneintosomethingsafer,orevengivingthemavaccine.Thereisalsotalkoffeeding

cowsaspecialredseaweedorgivingthemafoodadditionknownasaprobiotic（益生菌）,

whichwouldhelpthemdigestthegrass.

AtaresearchfarminNewZealand,morethanadozencalveswaittobefeda

probiotic,Kowbucha.Theprobioticismixedintoamilk-likedrinkfedtothecalvesatthe

MasseyUniversityfarm.Earlytrialssuggestedthattheprobioticsupplementcanhelp

reducemethaneemissionsby20%.“Kowbuchaiscost-effectiveandeasyforthefarmer

touse.Itdoesn'thaveanyeffectonthemilk/saidShalomeBassett,principalscientistat

FonterraResearchandDevelopmentCentre.

ThefightagainstmethaneisseriousinNewZealand.Thecountryonceannounced

planstotaxfarmerswhoseanimalsproducetoomuchmethanegas,butthefarmerssaid

theywouldlosemuchmoneyifthetaxplanwentintoeffect.AidanBichan,afarmerthat

runsKaiwaiwaiDairiesinthetownofFeatherston,saidheintendstogetmoremilkfrom

eachcow.Theincreasedefficiencymeanshedoesnotneedasmanycows,whichinturn

reducestheamountofmethanecomingfromhisfarm.

1.Whydoscientistswanttopreventcowsfromburping?

A.Toimprovethequalityofmilk.

B.Tohelprelieveglobalwarming.

C.Toprotectcowsfromgettingsorethroats.

D.Tomakecowsdigestthegrassquickly.

2.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Reasonsforgivingcowsavaccine.

B.Theimpactoffeedingcowsaprobiotic.

C.Possiblemethodsofreducingcowburps.

D.Thesignificanceofchangingcows'food.

3.WhatisShalomeBassett'sattitudetowardsKowbucha?

A.Favorable.

B.Doubtful.

C.Indifferent.

D.Disapproving.

4.WhatisAidanBichan'splan?

A.Applyingforalowertaxbill.

B.Raisingmoneytoexpandhisfarm.

C.Increasingmilkproductionofeachcow.

D.Tryingtheprobioticsupplementoncows.

答案：BCAC

生词

1.fermentv.（使）发酵

2.seaweedn.海藻

3.supplementn.增补（物）；添加物

4.emissionn.排放

5.principaladj.主要的

语块

1.digestivesystem消化系统

2.carbondioxide二氧化碳

3.globalwarming全球变暖

4.gointoeffect生效

5.inturn转而；反过来

知识拓展

methane

甲烷是一种有机化合物，也是含碳量最小（含氢量最大）的嫌，在自然界的分

布很广，是天然气、沼气、坑气等的主要成分，俗称瓦斯。它可用作燃料及制造氢

气、炭黑、一氧化碳、乙焕、氢氟酸及甲醛等物质。作为大气中仅次于二氧化碳的

第二重要的人为排放温室气体，甲烷与气候反馈密切相关，甚至有人将其称为“气

候变化的引爆器”。

时文阅读：“以猫代兔”！越南庆祝猫年新春

当中国、韩国和其他一些亚洲国家迎接“兔年”之时，越南成为了全球唯一庆

祝“猫年”的国家。据报道，越南的十二生肖中有十一个与华人社会熟悉的生肖相

同，不同之处是猫取代了兔子。在越南的大街小巷，人们迎接着猫年，猫的雕像处

处可见，商店内以猫为主题的新年装饰品琳琅满目。越南为何不过“兔年”过“猫

年”？它究竟有着怎样的历史起源？让我们一起来看看吧。

阅读短文并回答问题

TheChinesenewyearbeginson22January2023andlastsuntil9February2024.

WhilemostofAsiacelebratestheyearoftherabbit,Vietnamcelebratestheyearofthe

cat.IntheChinesezodiac,thereare12animals,andthe4thanimalistherabbit;whilein

theVietnamesezodiac,the4thpositionisoccupiedbythecat.Howthecatsubstituted

fortherabbitinVietnam;szodiac（十二生肖）isstillthesubjectofdebate.

AncientstorytellerssaidtheJadeEmperororganizedaraceacrossariverforallthe

animalsintheworld.Thefirst12toreachtheothersidewouldappearinthezodiac.In

theChineseversionofthestory,thecatandtheratwereridingacrossariveronanox

whentheratpushedthecatintothewater.Theratwontherace,turningthetwoanimals

intoenemies.Thatiswhycatshavebeenhuntingratseversince.However,inthe

Vietnameseversion-whichdidnothavearabbit-thecatcouldswimandendedup

arriving.

Onepossibleexplanationforreplacingrabbitwithcatmighthavetodowith

language.InoldChinese,thereisawordtiedtothesignoftherabbitthatispronounced

mao（.Thepronunciationissimilartomeo,theVietnamesewordforcat.

QuyenDi,alectureratUCLA,saidthecustomhastodowiththelandscapeof

Vietnam."Originally,theChineselivedinthesavanna（稀树草原）area,whilethe

Vietnameselivedinthelowlandarea.Thepeopleofthesavannapreferanomadiclife,

closetothewilderness,andtheychosetherabbitasananimalthatlivedinthewildfields.

Incontrast,thelowlandpeopleofVietnamconsiderrabbitsasanimalsthatareusedfor

foodandchosethecatbecausetheybelievecatsarefriendslivingintheirhouse.

Thisyear,manyVietnamesearebuyingnewcat-themedcasesfortheirmobile

phones.AndoneofthetopGooglesearchesinVietnamis“whythereisnocatinthe

Chinesezodiac”.

1.Theunderlinedwords"/substitutedfor"inparagraph1canbereplacedby

A.tookchargeof

B.foughtfor

C.tooktheplaceof

D.dependedon

2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheVietnamesezodiacstory?

A.TheJadeEmperorshowedfavortothecat.

B.Therabbitfellintotheriverinthezodiacrace.

C.Theratandtherabbitwereenemiesinancienttimes.

D.Thecatfinishedfourthbyswimmingacrosstheriver.

3.WhatmadetheVietnamesechoosethecataccordingtoQuyenDi?

A.Theirlivingenvironment.

B.Theirlanguagepronunciation.

C.Theirlifestyleofraisingcatsaspets.

D.Theircustomofhuntingrabbitsforfood.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.ToexplainthehistoryoftheChinesezodiac.

B.Toshowwaysofcelebratingtheyearoftherabbit.

C.TostatethepopularityofChinesetraditionalculture.

D.TointroducetheoriginoftheyearofthecatinVietnam.

答案:CDBD

生词

1.versionn.版本

2.nomadicadj.游牧的

语块

1.JadeEmperor玉皇大帝

2.incontrast与此相反

知识拓展

theChinesezodiacs

十二生肖，由12种源于自然界的动物即子（鼠）、丑（牛）、寅（虎）、卯（兔）、

巳（蛇）、午（马）、未（羊）、申（猴）、酉（鸡）、戌（狗）、亥（猪）以及传说中

的辰（龙）所组成。随着历史的发展逐渐融合到相生相克的民间信仰观念，表现在

婚姻、人生、年运等，每一种生肖都有丰富的传说。

时文阅读：新材料可防止眼镜起雾

眼镜起雾是一件让人头疼不已的事情，特别是在冬天。通常，人们会使用防雾

喷雾剂去解决这种问题，但这种方法会受细菌、污垢等的影响，需要时常更换，效

果不佳。据报道，来自瑞士苏黎世联邦理工大学的研究人员最近开发出了一种超薄

的黄金纳米涂层，能够将阳光转化为热量，将其用于眼镜表面，可以有效防止起雾。

让我们一起来看看吧。

阅读短文并回答问题

AteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfog

problem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating（涂层）that

canconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacesto

preventthemfromfogging.

Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectively

absorbsinfraredradiations（红夕卜线照射）fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffect

thatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoating

basicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfrared

radiation,whichcausesittoheatup—byupto8℃.

Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthe

surfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater;the

spraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirt

onthesurfacemakesituseless.However;thenewcoatingrepels（却F斥）water.

Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner;whichmakesitmoretransparentaswell

asflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergy

source.

Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiresso

littlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedand

readilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively.However;althoughthisproductcanworkat

verylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.

Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Inthe

process,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisno

needtofear,however,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.

Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwill

soonbeavailableonthemarket.

1.Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?

A.Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.

B.Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.

C.Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.

D.Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.

2.Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts?

A.Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.

B.Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.

C.Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.

D.Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.

3.Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?

A.Itisconsiderablyexpensive.

B.Itdependsonsunlighttowork.

C.Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.

D.Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.

4.Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?

A.Applyforapatentfortheinvention.

B.Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.

C.Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.

D.Seekacheapermaterialasanalternativetogold.

答案：DABB

生词

particlen.微粒

语块

1.titaniumoxide二氧化钛

2.solarirradiation太阳辐照

3.relyon依赖

4.fileapatent申请专利

知识拓展

titaniumoxide

二氧化钛是一种无机物，白色固体或粉末状的两性氧化物。它可以应用于工业、

食品行业、化境保护和防晒化妆品等领域。二氧化钛，作为光涂料颜料的催化剂，

不仅是一种环境安全的清洁剂，而且可以起到节省能量还有保护环境资源的作用。

此外二氧化钛性质稳定，具有良好的遮盖能力，能够有效反射太阳光，为地球降温。

时文阅读：“最强Al”ChatGPT爆火

近期，生成式AI再次点燃了人工智能的火炬,科技圈也刮起了一股名叫“ChatGPT”

的风。ChatGPT是由OpenAI公司开发的一个人工智能聊天机器人程序，于2022年

11月推出。它能够通过学习和理解人类的语言来进行对话互动交流，甚至能完成撰

写邮件、文案、翻译、代码等任务。数据显示，截至2023年一月末，ChatGPT的月

度用户数已突破1亿，成为史上消费者增长最快的应用。一起来看看吧。

阅读短文并回答问题

There'sanewAlbot:ChatGPXandyou'dbetterpayattention,evenifyouaren'tinto

artificialintelligence.ThetoolisanAlchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember

2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylarge,powerfulAlsystemcanachieve.

ChatGPTremembersthethreadofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsand

answerstoinformitsnextresponses.Itderivesitsanswersfromhugevolumesof

informationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflarge

languagemodelsandisfine-tuned（amethodoftransferlearning）usingbothsupervised

andreinforcementlearning（监督和强化学习）.

YoucanaskChatGPTanything,likeexplainingphysics,askingforbirthdaypartyideas

andgettingprogramming（编程）help.Perhapsit,snotsmartenoughtoreplaceall

humansyet,butitcanbecreative,anditsanswerscansounddownrightauthoritative.A

fewdaysafteritslaunch,morethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBS

analystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100million

monthlyusersinJanuary,accomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9months

andInstagramtwoandahalfyears.

ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.But

whentoomanypeoplehopontotheserver（月艮务器）,itoverloadsandcan,tprocess

yourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewer

peoplearetryingtoaccessit.Ifyouwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccess,there

isanoptionforyou.AsofFeb.l,2023,OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan,ChatGPTPlus,

whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.Thisservicedoescome

atacostof$20/month.

However;ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencebot

thatprovidessolutionstoyourquestions,butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucan

searchforasmuchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowl