初二英语语法知识

优质资料欢迎下载优质资料欢迎下载优质资料欢迎下载初中八年级英语语法知识点棋类、球类前不加the，乐器前加theThegirlistwelveyearsold【表语】Sheisatwelve-year-oldgirl【定语】Heowns(v.)aChineserestaurant.have（has）=ownHehasaChineserestaurantofhisown.（n.）wouldliketo=wanttobekeenon=beinterestedin=befondofonemetreandahalftall=oneandahalfmetrestallaphotoofme（myself）Eg.Apenofmyfather.【一者有生命用宾格】Eg.afriendofmine/afriendofmyfather's【两者都有生命用双重属格】8、字母：aefhilmnorsx发音发原因9、maybe=possibly=perhaps=probably10、IhopethatIwilltobe……Ihopetobe……Ihopeyouwillwritetomesoon.【宾语从句，从主不一致可以省略that】Put……inJonenclosedtwophotosoftheletter=Jonputtwophotosinhieletter.Newcastleisinthenorth-eastofEngland.【大小包容关系】13、answertothequestion=thekeytothequestionIenclosedaphotoofmyfather'friends【不属于双重属格】Ittakesmeoneandahalfhourtogotoschooleveryday.Ispendinoneandahalfhourtogotoschooleveryday.spendon+钱spendin+时间spend+doingIlikeskiingbetterthanplayingchess.【=Iprefer……（+v.）to……（+n.）】inthetop-lefcornerdistance（n.）distant(adv.)Howmuchdoesanumbrellacost?=Howmuchisannumber?colour（adj.）-coloured有颜色的-colourful五彩缤纷的四十forty第四十fortieth第九ninthevennumber偶数addnumber奇数cardinalnumbers基数词ordinalnumbers序数词Howlong-doesshespendintakingabustoschooleveryday?-doesittakeshertogoto……europe（n.）欧洲European（adj.）欧洲的（n.）欧洲人Greece（n.）希腊Greek（adj.）希腊的（n.）希腊人Germany（adj.）①德语（n.）②……人（a）German-GermansEg.AgirlfromGermanyGerman-Germans.Australian-AustraliansAmelican-AmericansJapanese-JapaneseChinese-Chinese.单复数同行Shanghainesepeople-Shanghainesepeople=Shanghailander（s）Taiwanese-Taiwanese台湾human-humanshuman-humans-humanbeing（s）.walkman-walkmansGerman-Germansclose（v.）-open（v.）close（adj.）亲近的、靠近的becloseto→（反）farawayfrom→（同）nearatweekends→（反）onweekdays（在工作日）Ihave（two）otherhobbies.（two）moreanother（two）arriveat=reacharrivedatBeijingRailwayStationbusiness-businessman（businesswoman）success（n.）-succeed（v.）-succeeded（p.v.）-successful（adj.）-successfully（adv.）A\must必须（义务）→needn'tEg.MustIdomyhomeworkimmediately?No,youneedn't.B\肯定（猜测）→can't不可能must-be事实mustbe→can'tbe-havedone已Eg.Theladyinyellowmustbetheirclassteacher.Hemusthaveatendinner,for（因为）hehassleptsleep-slept-sleptsucceedin=manageto=beableto→（反）benotableto=failtosucceed（v.）-succeeded（p.v.）luck（n.）-lucky（adj.）-luckily（adv.）unluckunlucky→fortunefortunatefortunatelyaskmetoassist=givesbahand=dosbafavourseller卖家sellman销售人家sell（v.）sale（n.）beresponsiblefor=havedutyon=takechargeof=beinthechargeofBy+工具takedrivea\the\one's+工具ridemakeaphonecallsb=callsbpayavisittosp=visitspsimple（adj.)-simply（adv.）灵感来自：possible（adj.）-possibly（adv.）以o结尾：有生命+es无生命+s【黑人英雄喜欢吃番茄土豆】以o结尾：有电+s无电+esenough与adj.adv.后置\n.后置borinig=uninterestingtoo≠very≠so-a.sb.be……too……todosth.-bsth.be……too……forsbtodosth.Eg.①.Heistoofoolishtoanswermyquestions.↓Heissofoolishthathecan'tanswermyquestions.↓Heisn'tcleverenoughtoanswermyquestions.②.Thequestionistoodifficultforhimtoanswer.↓Thequestionissodifficultthathecan'tanswer.↓Thequestionisn'teasyenoughforhimtoanswer/too……to……=so……that……not……=notenoughto……太……不能……so……that……+肯定句=enough……to……+否定句=notenough……to……too……to……50、（P50\108\157\309\378）肯定allnone≥3三者都（不）\否定bothneither=2两者都（不）注：either两者中其中一个不（二选一）all（adj.）mysubjectsallof（peon.）mysubjectsfail（v.）→（反）pass（n.）failure失败 （vt.）failtheexam【及物动词】 （vi.）failtodo【不及物动词】Eg.Hefailedtocatchtheearlybusthismorning.return（vi.）come\goback返回【不及物动词】（vt.）giveback归还【及物动词】①.Hongkongrenturnedtoourmotherlandin1997.②.You'dbetterreturnyourbooktothelibraryintwodays.conutine（v.）继续=goon\keep+doing【不间断】+todo【间断】dicuss（v.）-discussion（n.）assist（v.）-assistant（n.）decide（v.）-decision（n.）56、need（行为动词）+n.（eg.muchsleep等）（情态动词）+v.原型（eg.can等）参加：takepatin=joinin活动，比赛join团体组织attend出席会议、讲座entrefor报名参加take考试polite（adj）-politely（adv.）→（反）impolit\impolitelygetup=getoutofbedgojoppingusetheinternet=suittheinternetperform（v.）表演-performer（n.）表演者-performance（n.）表演then-atthattimeWhat'sgoingon?=what'sup?=what'shappening?StareatExplain（v.）-explanation（n.）repeat=sayagainCanyourepeatyouraddress?=Couyousayyouraddressagain?文章等在报刊上用inEg.Todya'snewspaperhasaarticleaboutfestivals.=thereisanarticleaboutfestivalsintoday'snewspaper.byferry=onaferrysteal-stole-stolenAEuropeanboyseldom（adv.）-rarelyseldomhardlylittlefewnever表示否定的adv.happentohim（偶然:failuretroubledifficultyaccidents）happen（vi.）发生→无被动，无宾语↓takeplace（有计划性的）Eg.AnearthquakehappeninSichuanPoveines.TheWorldExpotookplaceinShanghai.dealwith=dowithEg.Whatdoyoudowiththematter?=Howdoyoudealwiththematter?argue（v.）-arguing（v-ing）-argument（n.）sthhappentosb.（sbhappentodosth.）某人碰巧发生某事Eg.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohimthismorning.Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmine.through【纵向（障碍物）】across【横向】cver【两旁高于水平面】anunusualthingIdon'tknowhowtodealwiththetrouble?=Idon'tknowwhattodowiththetrouble?Empty（n.）→（反）full（n.）Empty（n.）→（反）full（v.）在人说话中，陈述事件（刚发生有时间限制）用过去式wasgone①系表结构②被动语态follow（v.）-followed（p.v.）-following（v-ing）接下来Hurry（v.）-hurrytos.p.→gotos.p.inahurry-hurryoff→leaveinhurry\leavehurriedly【注：hurry没有adv.不是hurrily.adj.+ly=adv.V.→adj.+ly=adv.】Eg.Hewillgoabroadnextmonth.nearly（adv.）near（adv.）nearly=almost（adv.）nearly（adj.\adv.\perp.）在附近【定语】near（adj.\adv.\perp.）靠近【表、定语】pickup拾起\pick摘diall+telephonenumber\makeaphonecall+s.b.时间段+ago/before+时间点Eg.afewminutes/Eg.beforethreeo'clock车辆（例如：私家小汽车）getoutof/getinto船geton/getoff地点副词：abroadaboardupstairsdownstairsheretherehomejust=onlyEg.Dadjustsmiled.reportatheftbeafraidofintime及时While①当……时（从句必须是进行时）②边……边……（s.b→s.b.主句从句都是同一人）Eg.Maryissingingwhilesheisdoing.③而（并列连词）→并例句1）时态对等2）句意对立Eg.Somepeopleaswasthingfoodwhileotherscan'teat.describe（v.）-description（n.）regular（adj.）-regularly（adv.）→（反）irregular（adj.）welldone.=you'redoneagoodjob.①V原形+ed：happen-edshow-edstart-edfollow-edopen-edask-edlook-edwalk-ed②以字母e结尾+d：move-dnotice-d③以辅音字母y结尾变i+ed：hurry-hurriedcry-cried【注：stay-stayed元音字母以y结尾直接+ed】④以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母（w和y除外）”结尾，双写结尾的字母+ed：stop-stoppedprefer-preferredtravel-travelled⑤不变的：put-putcost-costlet-lethit-hit⑥不规则：am/is-was/werehold-heldknow-knewsay-saidrun–ranring-rangsteal-stolego-wentgive-gavetake–tookget-gotstand-stoodhears.b.dosth./hears.b.doingsth.听到某人做了某事/听到了某人正在做某事atthattime=moment=nowtell的固定搭配：①tellalie②tellthestory③tellthetime④tellthetruthputout熄灭putoutfire灭火sees.b.doing/sees.b.todo看见片段/看见全过程though虽然through穿过thought-think想throughout=allovertheworld遍及106、present（s）礼物parent（s）父母107、afull-timejob=apart-timejob108、either……or……：两者中任意一个eg.eithersideofthestreet.neither……nor……：两者都不……→（反）both……and……none……is……：三者或三者以上都不……→（反）all（P50\108\157\309\378）few几乎没有【否定】+c.n.afew有几个=someseveral【肯定】little几乎没有【否定】+u.n.alittle有一点儿【肯定】Ihavethreeuncle,oneisateacher.Theothertwoaredoctor.（adj.）+n.）theother（做adj.）+n.（s）Ihavereceivedtwoletters.Oneisfrommymother,andtheotherisfrommyfriend.（有范围）havegoneto去了（在路上）还没回havebeento去了已回havesth,frorsupper晚饭以为主atsupper=oversupper=duringsupper在晚饭时有数词无s无of，无数词有s有ofonmywayhome=onmybackwayhomeasks.b.todosth.请某人做某事表目的：gotouniversity/gotocollege/gotoschool另一只手：yourotherhand/theotherhanddon'thaveto=needn't；don'tneedto+n./todosth.=needn'tdosh.needsth需要某物beonsale打折Salesmanager销售经理Helikeshelpingothers.=Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.bereadytodosth.by不能加冠词，应直接加方式的单数形式takeaship（在句中不能至于句末）onship=byshiplook后有at就是行为动词+adv.Look后at就是连系动词+adj.sadly（adv.）悲伤地sad（adj.）悲伤的angry（adj.）愤怒的angrily（adv.）愤怒地lastterm在句中，则句子时态用过去式loseyourtemper=getveryangry发脾气Mydaughterbegantolearncookingwhenshewasfourteen.（同义）=Mydaughterdidn'tbegintocookinguntilshewasfourteen.except除了expect=lookforwardto期望expert（s）专家第九ninth第四十fortieth四十forty序数词ordinalnumbers基数词cardinalnumbers小数decimals分数fraction偶数evennumber奇数oddnumberthousandsof/threethousandof（有数词无s无of无数词有s无of）two-fifths.（分子基分母序，分子＞1，分母+s）invent-invention（n.）发明物-inventor（n.）发明家discover（v.）发现-discovery（v.）被发现的事物-discoverer（n.）发现者calculate（v.）计算-calculation（n.）计算的结果-calculator（n.）计算器/计算者develop（v.）发展-development.（n.）发展hisownlanguage=nativelanguage=hismothertongueatleast→（反）atmosttimes=age时代thestoneAgethestoneTimes.nearby（adv.）在附近（adj.）附近的near（adv.）近，接近（adj.）近的，亲近的（prep.）靠近，近似于nearly=almost.（adv.）havewordswith-arguewith-quarrelwith.142、electricity（n.）电；electronic（adj.）电子的；electric（adj.）带电的，会触电而死的eg.electriclight/fanelectrical（adj.）与电有关的eg.electricalengineer；electrician（n.）电工feellikedoirg=wouldliketodo143、solveproblem（difficultquestion）=answerthequestionsolve-solutiondieout→（反）existfiercer→（反）gentleharmful→（反）harmlessbeharmfulto=bebadfor=doharmto.morethan=over148、有的…有的Someother有的…有的…（无范围）eg.Inluxunpart,somepeoplearefishing,othersareboatingsome…theother有的…其他的，剩下的(有范围)eg.FifteenstudentsinmyclasshavebeentoBeijing,theothersarestillatschool.149、比较状语从句（可比性）（1）than比较级adj+er+thaneg.TheweatherinshanghaiiswarmmerthantheweatherinBeijing（不能用Shanghai'sweather无生命不加'sThechairsinourclassroomaremorethanthechairsinclass2.（2）as+adj/adv.原级+as→（反）not…as…as（只能用于否定句）不如onearth究竟Eg.Whatonearthareyoudoing?151、May'sfatherbouhgtheranencyclopaedia.【双宾语】Mayfatherboughtanencyclopediaforher.【复合宾语】五分之一（v.）+for(buy,give,make,sing,draw)152、Somedinosaurswereasgentleassheep【单复数同行】153、Tigerswerenotasfierceasdinosaurs-Dinosaurswerefiercerthantigers.-Tigersweregentlerthandinosaurs.SheisanIndianwomanwithanamazingbrain.=SheisawomanfromIndiawithanamazingbraineverywhere=hereandthere156diedeath(n)死，死亡，逝世，离世egHissuddendeathmadeussad.Dying 垂死的奄奄一息的dieadjdead死去的eg.peopledon'tlikedeadfishDeadly致命的eh.has/beendead.Thedeadlymadicinemadehisdie.bedyingfor极度渴望=eagerforeg.peopleinthedesertsclrebyingforwater.区分：Hediedtwoyearsago=Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears157、1.leave-beaway2.begin-beon3.join-bein4.buy-have5.borrow-keep6.die-bedead补充：lend-lent-lent瞬vcometo瞬v.moveinto瞬v.as…aspossible.=as…assbcan/could.Quickly/fastaspossible.Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkos soon159、muchalittleevenFarabitstill（后置）eg.happierstillfame（n.）荣誉+ous=famous（adj.）著名的eg.befamousfordanger（n.）危险+ous=dangerous（adj.）危险的amuse（v.）娱乐-amused（adj.）-amusing（adj.）.-amusement（n.）arrange（v.）安排-arrangement.（n.）create（v.）创造-creation（n.）创作-creative（adj.）创造性163、Afterleavingschool,hesoldnewspapersanddeliveredmail.=Hesoldnewspapersanddeliveredmailafterleavingschool.（简单句）=Afterheleftschool,hesoldnewspapersanddelivered.Mail.（从句）teach-taughtbury-buriedDrognes'rsecretofbeinghappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible.Doyouwantto(Wouldyouliketo）haveanother(cupof)coffee?Waltdisney'smostfamouscharacterisMickeyMouse.限定词+adj./adv.最高级allofthesudden=suddenlyThetallermanwasagedabout25=Thetallerwasamanofabout25may＞might171、Aboyofundernineteenyearsold=Aboywasagedundernineteen.（年龄作定语时用of）Five-eighthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls（当分数修饰主语看主语决定单复数）diedfrom（外因）diedof（内因）EgThesepeoplediedfromearthquarkebemadefrom（看不见原材料）bemadeof（看得见原材料）174、Thestorytellus-Howtodealwiththetrouble.-Whattodowiththetrouble.175、Howmuchdoyouweigh=what'syourweight?=howheavyareyou?176、bebirthto177、be（not）permittedto=be（not）allowedto178、Actionspeadlouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩179、lost（adj.）迷失的lose-lost-lost（p.v.）waslost（adj.）【系表结构】180、miss（v.）错过-missing（adj.）错过的；丢失的；迷失的181、approach=comenear=gotoward181、type=kind182、run（v.）奔跑 runoutof耗尽=usedup用完=beoutofEg.Thepeopleinthatcountryareoutoffood.183、landon着陆→（反）takeoff起飞,，脱下=puton184、Atwo-story-highdoor(定语)=eachtwostoreyshigh(表语)185、blood（n.）血-bleed（v.）流血186、frighten（v.） frightening（adj.）fright（n.） frightened（adj.）187、long length（n.）长度lengthen（v）加长Adj strong strength（n.）强壮strengthen（v）扩大wide width（n）亮度widen（v）拓宽deep depth（n）深度deepen（v）加深188、except除了（prep.）except(不包含)eg.AllstudentswenttohaveapicnicexceptTombesides(包含)egThreeotherstudentswenttohaveapicwcbesidesTom（3+1=4）exceptfor(大小关系)egYourcompositionisvorygoodexceptforseveralspellingmistakes.exceptthat+句because+句/becauseof+n..eg.Iwon'tgotoschool,becauseofrain.Iwontgotoschoolbecauseitisrainingoutsider.189、thehomeofmonster 双重属格thephotoofme(宾格) thephotoofMary(宾格).thefrierdofmine(n物主代词) thefriendofmary's(n物主代词）190、shake-shook-shaken1.摇头shakehead2.握手shakehands191、followingthemwasahugemonster（到装句）-Ahugemonsterwasfollowingthem.192、turnourbloodtoice=freeze.作定语修饰aroarEg.Hegavearoarthatturnourbloodtolie毛骨悚然【定语从句】先行词主不可省先行词宾可省that193、Howdidyougetinhere?getin(to)=enterhere是地点副词省to所以getinhere.194、steelbars不绣钢制成的栅栏拓展：matel铁195、Over垂直正上方无接触面above垂直正上方有接触面196、Iknowwhoyouare【宾语从句】1）时态一致性2）陈述句语言197、Thesteelbarssprangfromthegroundaroumdus.spring-sprang-sprung拓展：（灵感来自）ring-rang-rung①（n.）春天②（v.）弹Theheadmastershookhandswitheachofus=everyone.dosbafavour=givesbahand=helpsb.peace（n.）-peaceful（adj.）-peacefully（adv.）trustme=believemedefinite（adj.）确定→（反）indefinite（adj.）不确定fix=repair=mend修理begoingto（计划，预见性，打算）will（偶然，无计划，无预见）205、shall=will①第一人称②否定形式：shan't反意疑问句1）前肯后否2）前否后肯3）动句：V原+willyou?Eg.Don't+V原形…，willyou?4）Letus（不包含说话本人）.…，shallwe?Gork'sroarfrightened（是v，不是adj.）thecaptainandhiscrew人员surprise（d）（ing）（at）（in）,amaze（d）（at）,worry（ied）（ing）（about）,等+v-ingplease（d）（ing）(with),interest（ed）（in）,excit（ed）（ing）（by）bor（ed）（ing）\relax（ing）（ed）\amaz（ed）（ing）（at）satisf（ied）（ying）（with）wake-(woke)-(woken)up.醒来nootherpeople-nooneelseattract（v.）吸引-attraction（n.）吸引力，吸引物-attractive（adj.）吸引性=pullattractively（adv.）有吸引力地athentively（adv.）全神贯注的actively（adv.）活跃的accurately（adv.）精确地.attack=beat=hit攻击hit-hit-hitTorch原意为“火把”，引申为手电筒bekilled【被动语态】/behurt【系表】214、die-died-died-dying215、lay(下蛋vi./放置vt.）laid-laid-laying【（下蛋）是vi不及物动词，（放置）是及物动词】lie(说慌）lied-lied-lying（vi.）lie(位于，躺）lay-lain-lying（vi.）拓展：及物vt.，vt可直接加宾语，不及物vi，若跟宾语需加介词再加宾语case.①事例②盒子Eg.Mysmallpowerfullasertorchwasinplasticcase,themagnetcouldnotattractit.217、at用于速度，温度之前。egLighttravelsataspeedofaboutthreehundredthousandkilomerespersecond.escaping（escape）fromGorkstayinbed.卧病在床onbed睡觉inashortwhile=soon=righthow=rightaway=atonce=immediately.noice噪音\voice噪音（人俱备）\sound泛指各种声音223、sleep（表语）adjeg.fallasleep（深层次）睡着的alive表sleepy（表，定语）adjeg.feelsleepy昏昏欲睡的sleeping（定语）adjeg.asleepingbag睡袋living定beill（生病的）fallill（病入高荒）fall【系v】+asleep深【形v】=godown落下226、starttodo/doing.begintodo/doing227、gotobed-gotothebed上床睡觉去床上228、Here'swhatwe'lldo.形式上是表语从句，其实是主语从句（倒装句）Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext=Idon'tknowwhattodonext.【v后无宾语表是宾从】thenumberof表总数谓语v用三单anumberof=alotof=many.231、Theyplayallkindsofinstrumentsandtheyalsosing.Theyplayallkindsofinstrumentsandsingaswell.

Theyplayallkindsofinstrumentandaswellassing.（aswellas【就远原则】=notonly…butalso【就近原则】）Theynotonlyplayallkindsofinstrumentandsingaswell.(2)BothLilyandLueylikesinging就近原则NotonlyLilybutalsoLucylikessinging就远原则LilylikesaswellasLucysinging.call=phone=makeaphonecallto.obviously=clearly234、interrupt（v.）-interrupted（pv.）-interruption（n.）235、We'retooweaktoopenthedoor.=We'resoweakthatwecan'topenthedoor.236、What'swong?=What'sthematterwithyou?=What'sthetrouble…?Whathappenedtoyou?=What'sup?237、aim(…)at瞄准eg.IaimedthetorchathiseyeegThehunteraimedatthelion.aimat目标eg.HeaimedattheFuDanUniversity.239、hitGorkintheeyeV+sb+prep+身体某部Inthefalehithim ontheheadcatchhim bytheslimfree（adj.）-freedom（n.）wise（adj.）-wisdom（n.）before可表示时间、空间之前，比befrontof功能更多befinished=bedonefor.egYouarefinished=Youaredonefor.介词+n=adv,inpeace=peacefullyinorderto=to表目的用通常用why提问n.感叹句用whatwithoutmakinganynoise=silentlymakeupone'smindto=decidetodo=makeadecisionto=bedeterminedtodo.funfurnitureweatherworknewsadviceinformation不可数njob可数n.work不可数n.search=lookfor寻找Therewasn'tanything/Therewasnothing.Whatalovelypanda!=Howlovelypandais!Howtidytheroomis!=Whatatidyroom!Whatbeautifulflowertheyare!=Howbeautifulflowerare!Howwellsheplaystheviolin!/HowloudlyGorkshouted!/WhatabeddreamGorkhaving!（adj/adv用how来提问.）263、keesbdiong（让某人不段做某事表动态opening）keepsth+adj.（adj.作宾语,补足语表静态open）264、observenoticehearseefeel凡在主动语省略to在被动语态全部恢复265、with表伴随状态v看主语aswellas=with266、happen无被动语态267、real(adj)-really(adv)-realize（v.）实现；意识到268、physicyteacher(n+n=n)eg.roadsafetyphysicalexperiment(adj+n=笨蛋原则）nobodyelse=nootherpeople270、1）other（adj.）别的，其他的（人或物）other+n.s.eg.Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?other→（复）others解释为“另外几个”others【无范围】非剩下的全部，(作n.)别的，其他的theother(两者中一个)+n单\theother(作adj)+n.s.theother（两者中的一个）+n.单+n复（作adj）4)theother→（复）theothers其他的，其余的6）theothers【有范围】其余的（表示在一个范围内的其他全部）theother另一个前提是只有两者（作adj）【有范围】别的，剩下的，其他的→（复）theothersanother+n单≥3作adj/n.（+n.单）(作adj.或n.)eachother=oneanother(adv)两者实战练习：①、Ihavetwoletters,onefrommypenfriend,theothersisfrommyunle有范围的两者中另一个用another表另一个用于三者以上或无范围的另一个②、Somestudentsinourclasslikeplayingfootball,otherslikelisteningmusicsome…others…有的…有的全班不可能只有两个项目，无范围（初二下半学期）product（n.）产品 produce（v.）生产. production（n.）生产. producer（n.）生产商nature（n.）-natural（adj.）scientist（n.）-science（n.）-scientists（n.s.）beinterestedin=bekeenon=befondofbreathe（v.）-breath（n.）besatisfiedwith=bepleasedwithontheearth=intheworld（句子中出现多则使用最高级）eg.Treesarethebiggestandoldestlivingthingsontheearth.onearth（adv.）究竟egwhereonearthareyougoing?=whereareyougoingonearth?whatgoodaretrees?↓（n.）↓which+n单哪些→→what+n单/erviewsb.aboutsth.10、suppose：thinktobetrue.11、Thenewsmadeusexcited（adj）作宾语补足语Thecoatcankeepuswarminwinter复合宾语12、else/other（adj.）Idon'twanttobuyanythingelse【俢饰疑问、不定代词，n.后置】otherthings【俢n.前置】13、in→=atlast=finallyattheend→+时间/空间on→theendof+顶尖物体by→事情发生于过去的过去（时态：过完）+过去时间到……为止had+过去分词egWehadleant20Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.14、paper与物质无关时可数（1）文章（议论文）papers（2）试卷testpapers（3）报纸newspapers15、thankyouforyourkindness.thank…（sb.）for（sth.）…eg.thankyouforyourhelp.（n.）thankyouforhelp（v.）ingmethankful（adj.）=grateful（adj.）thankgoodness=thanksGod谢天谢地表示感觉的感官动词、心理状态、态度和感情、心里状态等意思的动词无现在进行时.如：like（喜欢）、love（爱）、know（知道）、want（需要）、hope（希望）、hate（恨）、think（认为）、believe（相信）等.注：当have/has表示“吃饭；开会；玩得愉快”等意思时，可用于进行时态；表示“拥有”等意思时，没有进行时态。17、系v.+adj（作宾语补足语）keepdoing表动态，表示不断让某人做某事do表静态18、communicatewith=keepintouchwith=exchangeinformationwitheachother(英语解释）19、afterthat在那之后=sincethat从那以后20、infact（作强调）实际上21、providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.=supplysth.forsb.offersbsth.=offersth.tosb.=offertodosth22、exchangeinformation交换信息exchangepresents交换礼物23、eachother（2者之间）/oneanother（3者或3者以上）互相24、release=gofree25、Treescanmakestreetsmorebeautifulandlessnoisy,can'tthey?近quieter反noisierquiteafew=someoneandahalfhectares/onehectarewithahalf28、wellas=and=and…(aswell)=butonly…notalso….eg(1)Theexperienceisexcitingaswellasfrighting.平行结构=andTomaswellashisdeskmatesisgoingtoseeafilm.=with就远原则replace=taketheplaceof=insteadofrelease=takein/absorb限定词+whole+n.单32、stop…from免于+方式protect…fromprevent…from注：protectfromsth通过做某事来保护:protectsb.bydoingsth(保护某人免于…)protectsb.from+n.（保护某人免于受到侵害）protect（v.）保护-protection（n.）保护权chemical（c.n./adj.）-chemicals.（n.s.）-chemistry（n.）-chemist（n.）thechemical's药店34、insterestsb.=attracksb.吸引某人35、suppose：猜测、断定36、Treescanremovedustandproducetheoxygenwebreathe（定语）被定语修饰的n表特指interview（v.）sb.采访某人interview（v.）面试interview（n.）采访报告egReadtheinterview读采访报告39、Releaseoxgyenbackintotheairsth.

把某物释放回Takeharmfulgasesfromtheair.…sth.吸收某物40、by通过；用bydoing（表示手段、方法）{MS：通过某种手段}用；直接+（用交通工具等）{MS：通讯、交通工具}乘（车）on网络媒体=overin+语言with+工具（具体）eg.HemadealotofmoneybykillingHobbing41、troubleindangerfailuredifficulty（n.）困境damage【小面积损伤】destroy【大程度毁灭】（瞬间性v.）43、dothejobdoagoodjobon=haveaneffect作用egHedoagoodjoboncleaningtheclassroom.doabadjobon44、(1)经营running=run(2)作用于operating（还可解释为“手术”）(3)跑步46、Youcentainlyknowalotabouttree.（adv.)修饰know（v.）hardlyany（ever）=almostnone（never）Treescandothejoboffifteenair-conditionerrunningalmostallday=almostthewholeday.49、Produceenoughoxygentokeepthewholeclassaliveandhealthyforawholeyear.作oxygen的宾语50、reducesoundpollutionn+n=n复合名词51、Withouttrees,thesoilwouldbewashedaway.1）被动语态2）虚拟语气52、cureillness（es）-curedisease（s）53、last=passinthelast200years…havebeen…↓forabout200years/since200yearsagosince+时间点/since+时间段+ago【时态用现完】eg.Ourliveshaschangesalotinthelastfewyears.=forafewyears.54、cutdown砍伐削减=reduceThelightgoout熄灯（瞬间性v.）56、宾语从句（主观意断）1)Ithinkhe…反义疑问句看从句can'the?Idon'tthinkhe…否定前移canhe?2)HethinksI……看主句doesn'the（she）?57、Daisyfrozeandlookedaround,butsawnoonenoone人或物nobody是人nothing是物58、increase增加→（反）decrease/reduce减少59、Thetelevisioninhishomeisalwayson.beon【表静态】turnon【表动态】→（反）beoff↓sb.人才能打开东西不能自己打开patient（adj.）耐心的-patience（n.）耐心（n.）病人eg.patient'sward病房→（反）impatient（adj.）不耐烦的61、twodropsofwater62、beon开始（持续性v.）begin（瞬间性v.）egThefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.【for+一段时间表时态是现完需要持续性v.】63、turnon=switchonturnupturnoff=switchoff（电器）turndown.eg